Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:49:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessa.pdf: 2538261 bytes, checksum: 22a79ec6ec4a9c95e3c0d9514975ea7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study presents an analysis both syntactic and semantic of the verb poder in Brazilian Portuguese. To achieve this goal, we started with a literature review, which consisted of works dedicated to the study of auxiliarity and modality in order to determine what these issues imply and what is usually considered for classifying the verb under investigation as an auxiliary and/or modal verb. As foundations of this study, we used two theories, namely, HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Gramática de Estruturas Sintagmáticas Orientadas pelo Núcleo), a model of surface oriented generative grammar, which consists of a phonological, a syntactic and a semantic component, and GL (The Generative Lexicon O Léxico Gerativo), a lexicalist model of semantic interpretation of natural language, which is proposed to deal with problems such as compositionality, semantic creativity, and logical polysemy. Because these models are unable to handle the verb poder of the Brazilian Portuguese as they were originally proposed, it was necessary to use the GL to make some modifications in HPSG, in order to semantically enrich this model of grammar, so that it can cope with the logical polysemy of the verb poder, its behavior as a raising and a control verb, the saturation of its internal argument, as well as to identify when it is an auxiliary verb. The analysis showed that: (a) poder has four meanings inherent to it, namely, CAPACITY, ABILITY, POSSIBILITY and PERMISSION; (b) to saturate the internal argument of poder, the phrase candidate to saturate that argument must be of type [proposition] and the core of that phrase must be of type [event]. In case those types are not identical, the type coercion is applied in order to recover the requested type for that verb; (c) poder is a raising verb when it means POSSIBILITY, in such case it selects no external argument. That is, it accepts as its subject whatever the subject of its VP-complement is; (d) poder is a control verb when it means CAPACITY, ABILITY and/or PERMISSION and in this case it requires that the saturator of its internal argument be of type [entity] when poder means CAPACITY, or of type [animal] when it means ABILITY and/or PERMISSION; (e) poder is an auxiliary verb only when it is a raising verb, because only in this situation it does not impose any selectional restrictions on the external argument and (f ) poder is considered a modal verb because it can express an epistemic notion possibility and at least three non-epistemic notions of modality capacity, ability and permission. / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise tanto sintática quanto semântica do verbo poder do português brasileiro. Para alcançar esse objetivo, partiu-se de uma revisão de literatura, a qual compreendeu trabalhos dedicados ao estudo da auxiliaridade e da modalidade, a fim de verificar o que essas questões implicam e o que geralmente é levado em consideração para classificar o verbo investigado como auxiliar e/ou modal. Como alicerces deste trabalho, foram utilizadas duas teorias, quais sejam, a HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Gramática de Estruturas Sintagmáticas Orientadas pelo Núcleo), um modelo de gramática gerativa orientada pela superfície, a qual é constituída de um componente fonológico, um sintático e um semântico, e o GL (The Generative Lexicon O Léxico Gerativo), um modelo lexicalista de interpretação semântica de língua natural, que se propõe a lidar com problemas como a composicionalidade, a criatividade semântica e a polissemia lógica. Devido ao fato de esses modelos não conseguirem lidar com o verbo poder do português brasileiro como eles foram propostos originalmente, foi necessário utilizar o GL para fazer algumas modificações na HPSG, a fim de enriquecer semanticamente esse modelo de gramática, de modo que ele consiga dar conta da polissemia lógica do verbo poder, de seu comportamento como verbo de alçamento e de controle, da saturação de seu argumento interno, além de identificar quando ele é um verbo auxiliar. A análise mostrou que: (a) quatro são os significados inerentes ao verbo poder, quais sejam, CAPACIDADE, HABILIDADE, PERMISSÃO e POSSIBILIDADE; (b) para saturar o argumento interno do verbo poder, o sintagma candidato a saturador deve ser do tipo [proposição], e o núcleo desse sintagma deve ser do tipo [evento] e, não havendo essa identidade de tipos, recorre-se à aplicação da construção de coerção de tipo para recuperar o tipo solicitado por aquele verbo; (c) poder é verbo de alçamento quando significa POSSIBILIDADE e, nesse caso, não seleciona argumento externo. Ou seja, aceita como sujeito qualquer que seja o sujeito de seu VP-complemento; (d) poder é verbo de controle quando significa CAPACIDADE, HABILIDADE e/ou PERMISSÃO e, nesse caso, requer que o sintagma saturador de seu argumento interno seja ou do tipo [entidade], quando significa CAPACIDADE, ou do tipo [animal], quando significa HABILIDADE e/ou PERMISSÃO; (e) poder só é verbo auxiliar quando é um verbo de alçamento, pois só nessa situação não impõe restrições selecionais quanto ao argumento externo; e (f) poder é considerado um verbo modal porque pode expressar uma noção epistêmica possibilidade e pelo menos três noções não epistêmicas de modalidade capacidade, habilidade e permissão.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS.pdf: 6433104 bytes, checksum: c269a5ce6bf2c1b8559af8c5010a08eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 / This work was carried out in the community falls into the water in Manaquiri AM. The aim was to study the dynamics of land use where there are traces of human occupation or fragments Amerindian preterit. The path in search results was the implementation of open interviews and hiking along a 7.5 km. After the phases of the field reached the standards of how it is done using the soil as the calendar, whose determination is defined and organized by the rise, full, descent and siltation of rivers, lakes and streams. Therefore, there are three patterns of land use dynamics. The first is in practices of family farms and plantations of several species that are used in diet and in folk medicine. The second is the use of pasture for livestock. The cattle stays for six months in the area of terraces or in the area of land during the flood season the rivers; in the dry season, it is transported to the wetland. The third is used in the leisure area, shipbuilding and in residential buildings and social services. Thus, 40% are used in food production, 36% in the pasture area and 14% in other service activities in the community. The introduction of livestock by households in the community area occurred around the 60´s of the last century and that process works as savings, because, if there is a need for resources to family, this resorts to the animals. And, in the region, there is a line in space-time of techniques for production of ceramics which permits to consider that the area would be one of the centers of the suppliers for model or tradition of potters / O presente trabalho foi realizado junto à comunidade Cai N água, em Manaquiri AM. O objetivo era de estudar a dinâmica do uso de solo onde há vestígios ou fragmentos de ocupações humanas ameríndias pretéritas. O caminho percorrido em busca de resultados incluiu a realização de entrevistas abertas e caminhadas ao longo de 7,5 km. Após as etapas de campo, chegou-se aos padrões de como é realizado o uso do solo, conforme o calendário, cuja determinação é definida e organizada pelas subidas, pela cheia, pela descida e pela seca dos rios, dos lagos e dos igarapés. Por isso, há três padrões de dinâmica do uso do solo. O primeiro em práticas de agricultura familiar e em plantações de diversas espécies que servem na dieta alimentar e na medicina popular. O segundo na utilização em pasto para o gado, o qual fica por seis meses na área de terraços, ou seja, na área de terra firme, na época das cheias dos rios; no período da seca, o gado é transportado para a área de várzea. O terceiro é utilizado em área de lazer, na construção naval e nas edificações residenciais e serviços sociais. Assim, 40% estão em uso na produção de alimentos; 36%, em área de pasto; e 14%, nas outras atividades de serviços na comunidade. A introdução do gado pelas famílias na área da comunidade ocorreu por volta dos anos 60 do século passado, e essa criação funciona como uma poupança, pois, se existe a necessidade de recursos, a família recorre a ele. E, na região, há uma linha no tempo-espaço de técnicas de produções de cerâmicas a qual permite considerar que, no passado, a área seria um doscentros fornecedores de modelos ou da tradição de ceramistas.

O presente estudo examina, sob o enfoque do Direito Brasileiro, a captação de recursos por empresas viáveis em crise, durante o processo de recuperação judicial, por meio do mercado de capitais, especificamente com a cessão de direitos creditórios a Fundos de Investimento em Direitos Creditórios. Em alguns casos, os FIDCs podem consistir em uma alternativa constante de captação de recursos, a custos consideravelmente menores que os praticados por instituições financeiras. Todavia, muitos cuidados e precauções devem ser tomados nas cessões de créditos a FIDCs, a fim de garantir segurança e transparência aos investidores e aos credores das empresas em recuperação. / This research examines, from the Brazilian Law focus, the fund-raising for viable Companies in crisis, during the judiciary reorganization procedure, through the capital markets, specifically with the assignment of receivables to Receivables Funds. In some cases, these investment funds may consist of an usual-recurrent alternative, with considerably lower costs than those charged by financial institutions. However, many precautions should be taken in the FIDCs credit assignments in order to ensure safety and transparency to investors and companies creditors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Antonio Marcos da Silva1.pdf: 375864 bytes, checksum: 3b47e9d1144a877ec84516ae92cc894e (MD5) Antonio Marcos da Silva2.pdf: 688886 bytes, checksum: 65991db1357acbcf6cfb55ea312fbaea (MD5) Antonio Marcos da Silva3.pdf: 833561 bytes, checksum: df85971d95b1efb0fe990685b23ab808 (MD5) Antonio Marcos da Silva4.pdf: 310773 bytes, checksum: b51b5a49b04318ff7b3fd952325b05aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-31 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The objective of this research was to analyse the project of my authorship, Campus das Artes (Arts Campus): the favela (Brazilian slums) as an anthropological art space, established in 2002 at the Vila Prudente Cultural Center, at the east zone of São Paulo, at the Vila Prudente favela. The project proposed to a group of twenty young people, both men and women, a new look over the aesthetic of the favela through visual arts, aiming to contribute to the changing process in their lives and the community. For so, six young people that attended the Arts Campus and the changes occurred in their lives were considered the subjects of this study. The project analysis was inserted in the context of an interdisciplinary research, taking into consideration the theoretical basis of the epistemological knowledge built by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire. It was used the participant observation qualitative methodology. The results showed that the most part of the young people interviewed considered that the project opened opportunities for their insertion in the reality where they live, for many were able not only to act, but also to comprehend the exclusion mechanisms they are subjected to and how to stop being Seres Menos (Lesser Beings) to become Seres Mais (Better Beings). It was concluded through this that the young people comprehended the favela not as a place for condemnation, but as a place of possibilities of transformation without jeopardizing their lives and histories. The present study highlighted not only the need to value always more the informal education, in the face of the existing realities of needy regions, but also the importance of the employment of art in the promotion of the human development. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi em analisar o projeto de minha autoria: Campus das Artes: a favela como espaço antropológico da arte implantado em 2002 no Centro Cultural Vila Prudente na Zona Leste de São Paulo, na favela de Vila Prudente. O projeto propunha a um grupo de vinte jovens, entre homens e mulheres, um novo olhar sobre a estética da favela por meio das artes visuais visando contribuir para o processo de mudança em suas vidas e na comunidade. Para tanto considerou-se sujeitos deste estudo seis jovens que passaram pelo Campus das Artes e das mudanças ocorridas em suas vidas. A análise do projeto inseriu-se no contexto de uma pesquisa interdisciplinar levando em consideração a base teórica do conhecimento epistemológico construido pelo educador Paulo Freire. A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa do tipo participante. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos jovens entrevistados consideraram que o projeto propiciou oportunidades para a inserção deles dentro da realidade onde vivem, pois muitos conseguiram não só atuar como que compreender os mecanismos de exclusão que estão sujeitos e de como deixarem de ser Seres Menos para Seres Mais. Concluiu-se assim, que os jovens compreenderam a favela não como um lugar para condenação, mas como um lugar de possibilidades de transformação sem condenar suas vidas e suas histórias. O presente estudo destacou não só a necessidade de valorizar sempre mais a educação não-formal, face à realidade existente em regiões carentes, como também sobre a importância do emprego da arte para a promoção do desenvolvimento humano.

Notre étude porte sur la proposition relative prénominale (Prpré), dans le cadre de la typologique et du modèle minimaliste de la grammaire générative. Le premier chapitre pose pour objets principaux de définir la proposition relaive (PR) et d’établir trois typologies concernant la PR. Le deuxième chapitre spécifie la PRpré et les langues à PRpré. Nous restreindrons notre étude aux langues à PRpré première. Nous resituons ces langues dans leur répartition géographique et leur affiliation linguistique pour montrer que les facteurs géographiques et génériques ne peuvent pas rendre compte de la PRpré. Le troisième chapitre expose en détail les analyses théoriques générativistes sur la PR et rend compte de la possibilité de les intégrer dans le programme minimaliste. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré, dans la première partie, à analyser la PRpré dans une perspective minimaliste suivant Kayne (1994). Nous tentons de proposer des dérivations permettant de linéariser correctement les éléments suivants dans le SD de la PRpré : article défini, démonstratif, PR, relativiseur et nom tête. Le syntagme [SD SDem [D° [SC SN [C° [SI tSN]]]]] sert de base pour les différentes dérivations générant les 16 linéarités des éléments dans SD repérées dans les langues à PRpré. Ensuite, nous analysons les effets de reconstruction en suivant Bianchi (2004). Nous adopterons l’idée de "case-stacking" de Pesetsky (2009a et 2009b) pour le conflit casuel/Casuel et aussi pour le trou syntaxique et l’idée de Boeckx (2003) pour le pronom résomptif. Dans la deuxième section, nous présenterons l’analyse de Cinque (2003/8) pour la PRpré. Le cinquième chapitre expose les caractéristiques typologiques non-intrinsèques de la PRpré. / This study concerns the prenominal relative clause in the framework of typology and of the Minimalist model of Generative Grammar. The first chapter defines the relative clause and establishes three typologies on relative clauses. The second chapter specifies what are "prenominal relative clause" and "primary prenominal relative clause languages". These languages are presented according to their geographic distribution and linguistic affiliation, but the geographic and genetic factors cannot analyze properly the prenominal relative clause, because it can be better analyzed according to its typological properties. The third chapter exposes in detail the generative analyses on relative clauses, i.e. Head External Analysis, Head Raising Analysis and Matching Analysis, and discusses how they can be integrated into the Minimalist Program. The fourth chapter analyzes the prenominal relative clause in the Minimalist framework according to Kayne (1994). It is shown how the following elements in the DP of the prenominal relative clause can be correctly linearized, i.e. definite article, demonstrative, relative clause, relativizer and head noun. The basic structure is [DP DemP [D° [CP NP [C° [IP tNP]]]]]. It can derive the 16 linear orders found in prenominal relative clause languages. The reconstruction effect is analyzed according to Bianchi (2004), the case/Case conflict and the gaps according to Pesetsky (2009a & 2009b) and the resumptive pronoun according to Boeckx (2003). In the last section, another analysis, i.e. Cinque (2003/8), is applied to the prenominal relative clauses. The fifth chapter talks about non-intrinsic typological properties of the prenominal relative clause.

How to teach English as a second or foreign language has been heatedly debated as long as the subject has been taught. One of the many issues regarding the teaching of English as a second or foreign language is the issue of whether or not to teach grammar, and if we teach it, how should we go about it?   This study examines two different approaches to teaching English grammar at the Swedish upper-secondary school level. Experiments were conducted in four different groups of students (a total of 64 informants were used), all from the same upper-secondary school in a medium-sized Swedish city. The experiments were based on teaching the genitive construction to the informants during a 75-minute class. The results were analyzed mainly quantitatively with the help of test results from the 64 informants; the aspect of gender differences in the results was also analyzed.   According to the study, one of the approaches seemed to be slightly superior to the other. There were also factors (other than the test results) which may speak in favour of one approach rather than the other.

The theoretical part of the thesis scrutinizes the principles of awareness raising and noticing in language teaching. Furthermore, it focuses on their implementation in pronunciation teaching and examines the possible limitations to these approaches imposed by learners' age and level of cognitive development. The practical part presents a research which consists of designing a battery of pronunciation activities promoting noticing and awareness raising, followed by their pilotage in five different groups of elementary school pupils. The aim of the research is to determine whether the piloted activities result in young learners noticing the target pronunciation features. The results of the research suggest positive impact of the noticing and awareness raising activities even among the pupils at lower stage of cognitive development. Key words: young learners, teaching pronunciation, consciousness raising, noticing, cognitive development, learners' involvement

The diploma thesis deals with the parenting styles of grandparents and the parenting characteristics of the grandparents, who have grandchildren in foster care. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the theoretical concepts of the way of parenting, the role of the grandparent, including his part in the child's development in the family, and the specifics of the grandparent's foster care with emphasis on the raising grandchild. For the research in the empirical part was chosen intensively intensive empirical survey. Extensive research has a quantitative character and its aim was to map the grandparents' parenting styles and the shared activities of grandparents and teenage grandchildren. Data in intensive research was obtained by a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods with goal to describe the educational and parenting experiences of grandparents who has their teenage grandchild/grandchildren. The output of intensive research is a description of the circumstances of foster care, the parenting specifics of foster care provided by grandparents and development of grandchildren from the grandparent-fosterparent point of view. The final part of the thesis summarizes the results of the research, including the limits and application of the acquired knowledge in...

Vilka erfarenheter har enskilda medlemmar av den svenska separatistiska facebookgruppen Heja Livet? Ur ett feministiskt perspektiv har vi genomfört kvalitativa personliga intervjuer vilket gav ett resultat som visar att gruppen bidrar med något betydelsefullt. Det personliga är politiskt och genom att ta del av andras berättelser kan enskilda kvinnor få ett högre feministiskt medvetande som kan bidra till feministiska handlingar. Det visar sig också att gruppen kan fungera som ett stöd i olika frågor för enskilda kvinnor i deras vardag. Vi presenterar ett teoretiskt resultat, omdefinierar innebörden av ett högre feministisk medvetande och argumenterar för att Heja Livet kan ses som en medvetenhetshöjande grupp. Faktumet att de flesta av våra intervjupersoner inte delar med sig av sina erfarenheter i facebookgruppen hotar dock konstruktionen av Heja Livet som en subalternativ offentlighet som utmanar dominerande offentligheter. Den vita medelklass cis-kvinnan är idealet i gruppen och det bristande intersektionella perspektivet gör att vi kritiserar Heja Livet som ett ett lyckat feministiskt projekt. / What experiences do individual members have of the Swedish separatist Facebook group Heja Livet? We have conducted qualitative personal interviews from a feminist perspective and have come to the conclusion that the group is contributing with something meaningful. The personal is political and by reading other women’s stories, individual women can achieve a higher feminist consciousness which can contribute to feminist actions. Another finding is that the group can also function as a support in different matters for individual women in their everyday lives. We are presenting a theoretical result, we redefine the meaning of a higher feminist consciousness and argue that Heja Livet can be seen as a consciousness raising group. The fact that most of the interviewed did not share their own experiences in Heja Livet, threatens the construction of the group as a subaltern counterpublic that challenges dominant publics. The white middle class cis-woman is the norm in Heja Livet and we criticize it for not being a successful feminist project because of the lack of an intersectional perspective.

En los últimos años, el e-commerce ha tenido un crecimiento considerable en el Perú, permitiendo que la mayoría de las personas opten por esta nueva forma de ventas. Asimismo, el sector de comercialización de carnes es un rubro que ofrece a empresarios oportunidades de negocio logrando que la producción de carne aumente significativamente en el mercado. En tal sentido, surge este trabajo de investigación que tiene como objetivo explicar la gestión de inventarios como un factor fundamental para tener un control eficiente de la mercadería y con ello se determinará el impacto en la rentabilidad de las empresas comercializadoras de carne que realizan e-commerce. En el capítulo 1, abordará temas en relación con gestión de inventarios, rentabilidad, e-commerce y el sector de carnes que corresponde al marco teórico. En el capítulo 2, mostrará el plan de investigación donde especificará el problema principal, los problemas secundarios, así como los objetivos e hipótesis planteadas. Asimismo, en el capítulo 3, mencionará el tipo de metodología utilizada y la muestra para la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa. Luego, en el capítulo 4, mostrará la aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación, entrevistas a expertos y las encuestas realizadas a empresas del sector, así como un caso práctico que ejemplifique la gestión de inventarios y su impacto en la rentabilidad. En el capítulo 5, detallará los análisis de los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas y la información de las entrevistas. Finalmente, se presentarán conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre la información recolectada en la investigación realizada. / In recent years, e-commerce has grown considerably in Peru, allowing most people to opt for this new form of sales. Likewise, the meat marketing sector is an area that offers entrepreneurs business opportunities, achieving a significant increase in meat production in the market. In this sense, this research work aims to explain inventory management as a fundamental factor to have an efficient control of merchandise and with this the impact on the profitability of meat marketing companies that carry out e- commerce. In Chapter 1, you will address topics in relation to inventory management, profitability, e-commerce, and the meat sector that corresponds to the theoretical framework. In Chapter 2, you will show the research plan where you will specify the main problem, the secondary problems, as well as the objectives and hypotheses raised. Also, in Chapter 3, you will mention the type of methodology used and the sample for quantitative and qualitative research. Then, in Chapter 4, it will show the application of research instruments, expert interviews and surveys carried out with companies in the sector, as well as a practical case that exemplifies inventory management and its impact on profitability. In Chapter 5, you will detail the analysis of the results obtained in the surveys and the information from the interviews. Finally, conclusions and recommendations on the information collected in the research carried out will be presented. / Tesis