The Borg 6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale is a common measure reported during exercise testing and training, and is usually taken as a response measurement to provide a subjective assessment of exercise intensity. A lesser used application of the scale is for regulating exercise intensity, referred to as its ‘production mode’. Recent research on this topic initiated by Eston et al. (2005) has led to a novel application of this procedure as a means of predicting an individual’s maximal oxygen uptake ( O2max) via a perceptually-regulated exercise test (PRET). The PRET could play a significant role in guiding exercise prescription and monitoring cardiorespiratory fitness levels in situations where the normal heart rate response is affected. The aim of this thesis is to develop further and test the integrity of the PRET technique. Firstly, a review of the evidence on the validity and reliability of the Borg RPE scale when used to regulate exercise intensity in healthy and unhealthy adults is presented, as to-date, no scholarly publication has synthesised the body of knowledge on this specific application of the scale. Subsequently, four studies were completed to investigate the effects of different methodological variations on the predictive capabilities of the PRET, including an examination (for the first time) of its utility among heart failure patients (Study 4). Study 1 re-visited the validity and reliability of the PRET technique utilising a modified protocol of differing durations (2 and 4 min bouts), with revised instructions and placing the graded exercise test (GXT) as the final trial during cycle ergometry. Superior results were observed to those reported in previous investigations (Eston et al., 2008; Faulkner et al. 2007; Eston et al., 2006) during the 3 min trial, further reinforcing the validity and reliability of this technique. Accordingly, Study 2 was the first to investigate the reliability and validity of a treadmill PRET protocol with a ceiling intensity of RPE 15, rather than RPE 17, and observed that a safer modified PRET (with practice) provides acceptably valid and reliable predictions of O2max in healthy adults. In addition, Study 3 extended the research thus far by investigating the PRET protocol during cycle exercise, once again with a ceiling intensity of RPE 15, and demonstrated that (with practice) a cycle-based PRET can yield reliable and valid predictions of O2max that compare favourably to previous investigations. Finally, given that the research employing a PRET has unanimously alluded to its likely value in clinical populations among whom heart rate as a physiological response to exercise is affected (e.g. via medication) and precluded as a means predicting O2max, Study 4 investigated the utility of a PRET in a beta-blocked population of heart failure patients. In the event, it was observed that a PRET (up to RPE 15) was too strenuous and needs to be capped at an intensity of RPE 13 in this population. In addition a continuous protocol seemed unsuitable due to its length and it was recommended that a discontinuous PRET protocol be investigated. Future research needs to investigate the utilisation of the PRET (i) in different exercise modes; (ii) determine the optimum number of practice trials required; (iii) whether a discontinuous or continuous protocol is more appropariate; (iv) whether the extrapolation should be made to RPE 19 or 20 and; (v) whether the PRET can be employed succesfully in other clinical populations.

A presente dissertação é constituida de duas partes. A primeira parte teve como objetivo determinar o perfil antropométrico e o consumo alimentar de atletas de Tênis profissionais e amadores. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos (massa corporal, altura, circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e o consumo alimentar pelo diário alimentar de 3 dias. Não foi observada diferença significativa no perfil antropométrico de atletas amadores e profissionais. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, ambos os grupos demonstraram baixa ingestão de carboidrato (CHO) (AM: 6,3±0,5 g/kg/dia e PRO: 6,5±0,7 g/kg/dia) quando comparada às recomendações atuais disponíveis na literatura. Estes dados reforçam a importância do planejamento nutricional para estes atletas. Na segunda parte, foi avaliado o efeito da suplementação de CHO sobre a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), a resposta hormonal, a concentração de IgA salivar e o desempenho durante uma partida de Tênis com duração de 180 minutos. A PSE apresentou aumento no decorrer da partida, porém não foi detectada diferença entre as condições experimentais - placebo (PLA) e CHO (P>0,05). Com relação a PSE da sessão, a ingestão de CHO parece promover tendência de redução (P=0,08, d=0,5) após o término do jogo. O consumo de CHO atenuou a concentração de cortisol salivar (P<0,05). Não houve nenhuma influência da ingestão do CHO sobre a concentração de testosterona e IgA salivar. O desempenho dos tenistas também não foi maximizado pelo consumo de CHO. Estes resultados indicam que o consumo de CHO durante a partida de Tênis atenua o aumento do cortisol salivar e a percepção global de estresse / The present study is composed of two parts. The first part aimed to determine the anthropometric profile and dietary intake of professional and amateur tennis players. It was evaluated the anthropometric parameters (body mass, height, circumferences and skin folds) and the food intake by a 3 day food diary. There was no significant difference in the anthropometric profile of amateur and professional athletes. Regarding food intake both groups had a low carbohydrate (CHO) intake (AM: 6.3 ± 0.5 g / kg / day and PRO: 6.5 ± 0.7 g / kg / day) when compared to current recommendations available in the literature. These data reinforce the importance of nutritional planning for these athletes. In the second part of the present study, it was assessed the effect of CHO supplementation on the perceived exertion (RPE), salivary hormones, salivary IgA and performance during a tennis match lasting 180 minutes. RPE showed an increase during the match, but no difference was detected between the experimental conditions placebo (PLA) and CHO (p>0,05). Regarding session RPE, the CHO intake seemed to promote a trend to reduction (P = 0.08, d = 0.5) after the end of the game. The CHO intake also attenuated the salivary cortisol response to the match (P <0.05). There was no influence of CHO ingestion on testosterone and IgA responses. The players performance has not been maximized by the CHO supplementation. These results indicate that CHO intake during the Tennis match attenuates the increase in salivary cortisol and the overall perception of stress

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da disponibilidade de carboidratos (CHO) sobre a taxa de incremento da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), respostas cardio-respiratórias, metabólicas e hormonais em exercícios de domínio muito pesado (MP) e severo (SE). Doze sujeitos foram designados aleatoriamente para um de dois grupos (MP ou SE). Os indivíduos realizaram: 1) um teste progressivo máximo; 2) um teste de carga constante até a exaustão (controle); 3) um protocolo de depleção de CHO com exercício, seguido por 48 horas de dieta com baixo (10%) ou alto (80%) CHO; 4) um teste experimental, igual ao controle, até a exaustão. Após sete dias, os procedimentos 3 e 4 foram realizados novamente, mas invertendo a dieta (ordem contrabalanceada). Para MP, o tempo de exaustão não foi diferente entre as situações, mas a taxa de incremento da PSE geral foi maior para a situação de baixo CHO do que para controle ou alto CHO. O VO2, FC, ventilação (VE), frequência respiratória (FR) e lactato foram menores na situação de baixo CHO. A insulina foi maior para baixo e alto CHO do que para controle. A taxa de aumento da PSE geral foi associada a amplitude de incremento do VO2. Para SE, o tempo de exaustão foi menor com baixo CHO. A taxa de incremento da PSE geral não foi diferente entre as situações, mas a da PSE local (específica do músculo ativo) foi maior para baixo CHO. A FR e a VE foram maiores para baixo CHO, enquanto o volume corrente, a FC e o lactato foram menores. A PSE geral foi associada a PSE local. Esses resultados sugerem que a disponibilidade de CHO afeta diversas variáveis fisiológicas de maneira dependente da intensidade. Por conseqüência, afetam a PSE também de modo dependente da intensidade / The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) availability on the rate of increase in rating perceived exertion (RPE), cardio-respiratory, metabolic and hormonal responses during exercise at very heavy (VH) or severe (SE) domains. Twelve subjects were randomly allocated at VH or SE groups. The subjects performed: 1) a maximal incremental test; 2) a constant workload test until exhaustion (control); 3) an exercise protocol to depletion of CHO stores, followed for 48 hours of low (10%) or high (80%) CHO diet; 4) an experimental test, mirrored the control, until the exhaustion. Seven days apart, the procedures 3 and 4 were performed again, but using opposite diet (counterbalanced order). In the VH group, the time to exhaustion was not significantly different among the conditions, but the rate of increase in global RPE was higher to low CHO diet than control or high CHO diet. The VO2, heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), breathing rate (BR) and lactate were lower in low CHO diet. The insulin was higher in low and high CHO diet than in control. The rate of increase in global RPE was associated with the VO2 amplitude. For SE, the time to exhaustion was lower in low CHO diet. The rate of increase in global RPE was not different among conditions, but the local RPE (pain in the active muscle) was greater in low CHO diet. The BR and VE were greater in low CHO diet, while tidal volume, HR and lactate were lesser. The global RPE was associated with local RPE. These results could suggest that CHO availability can affect several physiological variables for a way what has to be dependent of the exercise intensity. For consequence, its affect RPE also for a way that is dependent of the intensity

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the best predictor of training and/or match load using session RPE. Design and Methods: 20 NCAA DI male soccer players participated in the study during the 2014 and 2015 competitive seasons. Players completed 15.20 ± 1.05 matches for a total of 304 individual data points and 29.90 ± 1.89. training sessions for a total of 598 individual data points. GPS variables (total distance, High-intensity running distance, and Player load) were analyzed with session RPE using Pearson product-moment correlations. To evaluate various methods of session RPE, “match duration” was recorded using eight different definitions: total match duration including warm-up and half-time, total match duration and warm-up, total match duration and half-time, total match duration only, minutes played including warm-up and half-time, minutes played and warm-up, minutes played and half-time, and minutes played only. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine if differences existed between the eight session RPE calculations. Results: Results from the ANOVA showed that all session RPE measures were significantly different from one another (P < 0.05). Very large correlations were reported between session RPE calculated using minutes played and total distance (0.81), while session RPE calculated using match duration showed less magnitude (0.57). Conclusions: Minutes played should be used to calculate session RPE as it was found to most closely reflect the actual workloads incurred during competitive matches.

The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale is a primary tool for researchers and practitioners in exercise science to describe the intensity level subjects are experiencing when participating in exercise sessions. It has recently been suggested that RPE is not simply the direct result of interpretation of physiological changes as originally postulated, but is also influenced by affect, past experience, and time to completion, a concept coined as teleoanticipation. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of teleoanticipation in a sedentary population, by examining the effect unexpected increases in exercise duration on rating of perceived exertion and affect during low intensity treadmill walking. Based on the findings of prior studies, it is expected that the unexpected duration session will elicit higher RPE values and lower affect scores as measured by the feeling scale (FS) than the expected duration session. Ten participants between the ages of 18 and 45 years participated in the study. All participants were sedentary or insufficiently active with respect to physical activity for at least six months prior to the beginning of the study. Only participants with low to moderate risk according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines were admitted. All volunteers participated in one familiarization session followed by two trials of treadmill exercise. The familiarization trial was used to determine the treadmill speed in subsequent trials. All experimental trials were 30 minutes in length in partial accordance with ACSM guidelines, but the third trial in each group was presented as being 20 minutes and was extended to 30 minutes using a deception procedure employed in related research. Participants were informed at the 20-minute mark that the session would be extended to 30 minutes. Speed remained constant during both experimental trials. RPE and heart rate were recorded every minute to preclude volunteers from noticing the difference an increased interest in RPE responses around the 20-minute mark. Affect was measured by way of the feeling scale (FS) every other minute during the experimental trials. Blood pressure was recorded every five minutes to ensure participant safety. Results indicated a significant main effect for time for RPE (p = 0.001); however, there was no significant main effect for time and no interaction for RPE (p > 0.05) and no significant main effect and no interaction for FS. The primary finding from this investigation was that unexpected exercise durations have no affect on RPE or FS at low intensities in untrained, sedentary populations. Results suggest there may be a threshold of intensity required for a teleoanticipatory effect. More research is needed to further compare these effects with those of moderately and highly trained populations in medium or high intensity situations.

A presente dissertação é constituida de duas partes. A primeira parte teve como objetivo determinar o perfil antropométrico e o consumo alimentar de atletas de Tênis profissionais e amadores. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos (massa corporal, altura, circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e o consumo alimentar pelo diário alimentar de 3 dias. Não foi observada diferença significativa no perfil antropométrico de atletas amadores e profissionais. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, ambos os grupos demonstraram baixa ingestão de carboidrato (CHO) (AM: 6,3±0,5 g/kg/dia e PRO: 6,5±0,7 g/kg/dia) quando comparada às recomendações atuais disponíveis na literatura. Estes dados reforçam a importância do planejamento nutricional para estes atletas. Na segunda parte, foi avaliado o efeito da suplementação de CHO sobre a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), a resposta hormonal, a concentração de IgA salivar e o desempenho durante uma partida de Tênis com duração de 180 minutos. A PSE apresentou aumento no decorrer da partida, porém não foi detectada diferença entre as condições experimentais - placebo (PLA) e CHO (P>0,05). Com relação a PSE da sessão, a ingestão de CHO parece promover tendência de redução (P=0,08, d=0,5) após o término do jogo. O consumo de CHO atenuou a concentração de cortisol salivar (P<0,05). Não houve nenhuma influência da ingestão do CHO sobre a concentração de testosterona e IgA salivar. O desempenho dos tenistas também não foi maximizado pelo consumo de CHO. Estes resultados indicam que o consumo de CHO durante a partida de Tênis atenua o aumento do cortisol salivar e a percepção global de estresse / The present study is composed of two parts. The first part aimed to determine the anthropometric profile and dietary intake of professional and amateur tennis players. It was evaluated the anthropometric parameters (body mass, height, circumferences and skin folds) and the food intake by a 3 day food diary. There was no significant difference in the anthropometric profile of amateur and professional athletes. Regarding food intake both groups had a low carbohydrate (CHO) intake (AM: 6.3 ± 0.5 g / kg / day and PRO: 6.5 ± 0.7 g / kg / day) when compared to current recommendations available in the literature. These data reinforce the importance of nutritional planning for these athletes. In the second part of the present study, it was assessed the effect of CHO supplementation on the perceived exertion (RPE), salivary hormones, salivary IgA and performance during a tennis match lasting 180 minutes. RPE showed an increase during the match, but no difference was detected between the experimental conditions placebo (PLA) and CHO (p>0,05). Regarding session RPE, the CHO intake seemed to promote a trend to reduction (P = 0.08, d = 0.5) after the end of the game. The CHO intake also attenuated the salivary cortisol response to the match (P <0.05). There was no influence of CHO ingestion on testosterone and IgA responses. The players performance has not been maximized by the CHO supplementation. These results indicate that CHO intake during the Tennis match attenuates the increase in salivary cortisol and the overall perception of stress

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da disponibilidade de carboidratos (CHO) sobre a taxa de incremento da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), respostas cardio-respiratórias, metabólicas e hormonais em exercícios de domínio muito pesado (MP) e severo (SE). Doze sujeitos foram designados aleatoriamente para um de dois grupos (MP ou SE). Os indivíduos realizaram: 1) um teste progressivo máximo; 2) um teste de carga constante até a exaustão (controle); 3) um protocolo de depleção de CHO com exercício, seguido por 48 horas de dieta com baixo (10%) ou alto (80%) CHO; 4) um teste experimental, igual ao controle, até a exaustão. Após sete dias, os procedimentos 3 e 4 foram realizados novamente, mas invertendo a dieta (ordem contrabalanceada). Para MP, o tempo de exaustão não foi diferente entre as situações, mas a taxa de incremento da PSE geral foi maior para a situação de baixo CHO do que para controle ou alto CHO. O VO2, FC, ventilação (VE), frequência respiratória (FR) e lactato foram menores na situação de baixo CHO. A insulina foi maior para baixo e alto CHO do que para controle. A taxa de aumento da PSE geral foi associada a amplitude de incremento do VO2. Para SE, o tempo de exaustão foi menor com baixo CHO. A taxa de incremento da PSE geral não foi diferente entre as situações, mas a da PSE local (específica do músculo ativo) foi maior para baixo CHO. A FR e a VE foram maiores para baixo CHO, enquanto o volume corrente, a FC e o lactato foram menores. A PSE geral foi associada a PSE local. Esses resultados sugerem que a disponibilidade de CHO afeta diversas variáveis fisiológicas de maneira dependente da intensidade. Por conseqüência, afetam a PSE também de modo dependente da intensidade / The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) availability on the rate of increase in rating perceived exertion (RPE), cardio-respiratory, metabolic and hormonal responses during exercise at very heavy (VH) or severe (SE) domains. Twelve subjects were randomly allocated at VH or SE groups. The subjects performed: 1) a maximal incremental test; 2) a constant workload test until exhaustion (control); 3) an exercise protocol to depletion of CHO stores, followed for 48 hours of low (10%) or high (80%) CHO diet; 4) an experimental test, mirrored the control, until the exhaustion. Seven days apart, the procedures 3 and 4 were performed again, but using opposite diet (counterbalanced order). In the VH group, the time to exhaustion was not significantly different among the conditions, but the rate of increase in global RPE was higher to low CHO diet than control or high CHO diet. The VO2, heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), breathing rate (BR) and lactate were lower in low CHO diet. The insulin was higher in low and high CHO diet than in control. The rate of increase in global RPE was associated with the VO2 amplitude. For SE, the time to exhaustion was lower in low CHO diet. The rate of increase in global RPE was not different among conditions, but the local RPE (pain in the active muscle) was greater in low CHO diet. The BR and VE were greater in low CHO diet, while tidal volume, HR and lactate were lesser. The global RPE was associated with local RPE. These results could suggest that CHO availability can affect several physiological variables for a way what has to be dependent of the exercise intensity. For consequence, its affect RPE also for a way that is dependent of the intensity

Sprint kayaking is prominent in Europe with training methods devised and adopted from Eastern bloc training systems. There is a lack of published research on sprint kayaking locally and internationally. Consequently, the aims of this research directly address establishing a relationship between kayak specific training and the Profile of Mood States (POMS); monitoring training duration and intensity and establish a link with the POMS and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE); to monitor the general wellness of the kayakers. Seven elite sprint kayakers (two male, five female) with the following characteristics: age 26.5 (1.4) years, training experience 8.4 (3.7) years were part of the South African national sprint kayaking squad selected to participate in this study, based on their preparation for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (one male athlete did not qualify but continued to train). The females trained for the 500m K1, K2 and K4 events and the male for the 1000m K1. Three training camps (TC1, TC2, TC3) were held from 12 November to 09 December 2007, 25 February to 22 March 2008 and 14 July to 04 August 2008. RPE (Borg Scale) was recorded for each session. The 65-item POMS was completed twice a week, after half a days rest (Wednesday) and after a day and half rest (Sunday). Daily training load was calculated from RPE and session time; and an energy index calculated from the POMS vigour and fatigue scores. The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey recorded illness and injury. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Friedman’s rank test for k correlated samples, The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Spearman rank-order correlations were used to analyse the data. Statistical significance was calculated at 5% (p=0.05) and 10% (p=0.1). The results showed higher vigour scores associated with lower RPE and low training load; and high RPE associated with higher anger, confusion, depression, fatigue and total mood disturbance scores. There was a relationship between increasing POMS scores and duration of the training camps. The POMS findings could not completely explain the relationship found between RPE and duration of the training camps. The energy index was higher pre-camp and the extended rest periods during the camps. The findings for the POMS and RPE suggested that a state of overreaching might have occurred during the camps. Monitoring of the kayakers for an extended period after the training camps would have been useful to determine whether any of these individuals became over-trained. In accordance with Kentta et al (2006), regular use of the POMS may help detect under recovery, preventing staleness and unwanted rest for extended periods. Future studies will enable a retrospective view on these results. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

This study is a subset of a larger body of research that examined shoulder time to fatigue during overhead work in an attempt to reduce the prevalence and impact of work-related musculoskeletal problems in the shoulder associated with overhead work, particularly during automobile assembly. Existing evidence suggests that shoulder injuries are diverse in terms of tissues affected and symptoms presented. Furthermore, the cause of these injuries is multifactorial. The work presented here assumes that musculoskeletal injuries of the shoulder mechanism are at least related to, if not caused by, fatigue localized to the shoulder musculature. While the exact relationship between fatigue and injury has not been clearly established, there is consensus among researchers that fatigue plays and important role. Muscular fatigue, therefore, is viewed as a surrogate measure of risk, and task design to avoid fatigue is seen as a rational method to minimize this risk. An experiment to determine the effects of tool weight on shoulder fatigue and performance during overhead work with work/rest cycles was performed. Times to fatigue were derived based on dependent measures including total task duration, controlled maximum muscle contractions, subjective ratings based on Borg's CR-10 RPE scale, electromyogram behavior (MdPF), and hand force performance measures. Experimental findings indicated that duty cycle (percentage of total task cycle time spent working) significantly affected task duration (p<0.0001), changes in maximum voluntary contraction values for the infraspinatus (p<0.05), and the minimum time for any shoulder muscle to fatigue as determined by changes in the EMG power spectrum (p<0.05). Time to fatigue for the mid deltoid as determined by changes in the median frequency of the EMG power spectrum was shown to change significantly (p<0.05) with change in tool weight. Large intersubject variation was observed for the dependent measures, which showed subjects experiencing different levels of fatigue while performing the same task. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future direction are also discussed. / Master of Science

O objetivo do estudo foi examinar a influência de variáveis fisiológicas, perceptuais e mecânicas nas diferentes estratégias de corrida e no desempenho de atletas. Doze corredores especialistas em 5.000m realizaram: 1) um teste escalonado máximo para identificação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), velocidade de corrida associada ao VO2máx (vVO2máx), pico de velocidade em esteira (PVE) e velocidade de corrida associada ao limiar anaeróbio (vLAn); 2) uma prova de corrida de 5.000m avaliada a cada trecho (n = 5) de 1.000m em pista de atletismo para registro da frequência cardíaca (FC), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e velocidade de corrida. Os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos: saída lenta (SL) e saída rápida (SR) de acordo com a estratégia adotada, que por sua vez foi baseada na relação da velocidade de corrida no trecho inicial (Vel20%) com a velocidade média do teste de 5.000m. Os dados foram comparados entre os grupos de estratégia e posteriormente entre os trechos da prova esportiva para cada variável analisada. A velocidade de corrida no trecho inicial (SL = 16,9km.h-1 e SR = 19,1km.h-1) e no trecho final (SL = 19,1km.h-1 e SR = 16,7km.h-1) foi significantemente diferente (p < 0,05), o mesmo não ocorreu com a PSE. Já a FC nos três últimos trechos (SL = 185; 188 e 195 bpm e SR = 191; 193 e 200 bpm) apresentou diferença significante (p < 0,05) entre os grupos avaliados. Adicionalmente, foram encontradas associações entre PVE e Vel20% (rs = 0,57; p < 0,05), vVO2máx e Vel20% (rs = 0,55; p < 0,05), e entre vLAn e Vel20% (rs = 0,54; p < 0,05). Quando os parâmetros de desempenho (FC, PSE e velocidade de corrida) foram comparados dentro de cada grupo, apresentaram diferença significante (p < 0,05) entre todos os trechos analisados do teste. Dessa forma, concluímos haver influência da estratégia adotada no início da prova sobre a regulação da velocidade e sobre o desempenho na corrida de 5.000m, sobretudo, quando relacionada a parâmetros fisiológicos, perceptuais e mecânicos / The objective of this study was to examine the influence of physiological, perceptual and mechanical parameters in different pacing strategies and performance of athletes. Twelve runners performed: 1) a test scaled maximal to identify the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), running velocity associated with VO2max (vVO2max), peak treadmill velocity (PTV) and running velocity associated with the anaerobic threshold (vAnT); 2) a time trial evaluated in each 1,000m in the track to record heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and running speed. The subjects were divided into two groups: slow start (SS) and fast start (FS) in accordance with the strategy used, which in turn was based on the ratio of the velocity of the initial split (Vel20%) with the speed average of the time trial. Data were compared between groups of the pacing strategy for each variable analyzed. The velocity at the initial split (SS = 16.9 km.h-1 and FS = 19.1 km.h-1) and in the final split (SS = 19.1 km.h-1 and FS = 16.7 km.h-1) was different significantly (p < 0.05), but the same did not occur with the RPE. The HR in the last three splits (SS = 185, 188 and 195 beats.min-1 and FS = 191, 193 and 200 beats.min-1) showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups. In addition, associations were found between PTV and Vel20% (rs = 0.57, p < 0.05), vVO2max and Vel20% (rs = 0.55, p < 0.05) and between vAnT and Vel20% (rs = 0.54, p < 0.05). When the performance parameters (HR, RPE and running speed) were compared within each group, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) among all splits analyzed. Thus, we conclude there is influence of the strategy adopted at the start of the time trial and the speed regulation on the performance in the 5,000m running, especially when related to physiological, perceptual and mechanical parameters