BENEVIDES, Pablo Severiano. A dissolução das ilusões transcendentais na "Crítica da Razão Pura": um estudo sobre as relações entre a estética, analítica e a dialética transcendentais. 2007. 177f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2007. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-05T16:37:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-PSBENEVIDES.pdf: 1066342 bytes, checksum: 20d3aa7707f5f9d85cfb1e83e17d95f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-05T18:20:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-PSBENEVIDES.pdf: 1066342 bytes, checksum: 20d3aa7707f5f9d85cfb1e83e17d95f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-05T18:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-PSBENEVIDES.pdf: 1066342 bytes, checksum: 20d3aa7707f5f9d85cfb1e83e17d95f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / This study is not meant to be merely expository. Therefore, the aim is that some questions of capital importance for the understanding of Kant’s Theoretic Philosophy not only be raised but also resolved, based on this study. The initial starting point consists of raising the following question: “Will sensitive intuition exercise the role of supreme judge in the dissolution of transcendental illusions”? According to the most reoccurring interpretation of the “Critique of Pure Reason,” the answer to the aforementioned question will be affirmative, as seems to be the case in the interpretations of Cohen, Strawson, as well as a series of others to be identified. Such a concept (according to what will be revealed in the study), will advocate, in the end, that all the questions of traditional Metaphysics (pre-Kant) are denounced by Kant as illegitimate, precisely because they can not be presented in sensitive intuition, an object which corresponds to the ideas which it, itself has constructed. Hence, Kant would have done nothing more than outline a theory of the possibility of experience (Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic) and restrict all human knowledge to this domain, in a way which assumes that metaphysical questions are illegitimate, as they are not subject to the original epistemic demands, therein outlined. This study assumes that the understanding of this problem, mentioned above, is insufficient, in that it has neglected the fact that there is, in the “Critique of Pure Reason,” not only a dogmatic announcement of, but also a justification of the thesis that all human knowledge is restricted to the sphere of sensibility (grounds of the possibility of experience). This justification is none other than the critique of transcendental illusions made by Transcendental Dialectic. Through the Paralogisms of Pure Reason, the Antinomies of Pure Reason and the Ideal of Pure Reason, the syllogism realized naturally by reason, will be revealed as the foundation for raising an incoherency regarding the non-assumption of the initial proposals of reason, rather than an inadequacy of the demands of sensibility. Such incoherencies are the transcendental illusions of the existence of the soul, the world (the totality of phenomenon) and of God – the respective objects of psychology, cosmology and Rational Theology. We will attempt to show, in this study, that the illusion of affirming the existence of these objects, in light of the syllogisms a priori, consists firstly, in an inadequacy with the initial proposals of pure reason (even if later this becomes an illusionary configuration of such existences) and only as a consequence of it; and also with the express demands of Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic. Hence, this requires a Critique of Rational Psychology, a Critique of Rational Cosmology and a Critique of Rational Theology for the realization of the task in this study. In this way we will justify the thesis that all knowledge is reduced to the sphere of sensibility and will thus clarity why this illusion is considered by Kant to be transcendental, rational and inevitable. This clarification is what the aforementioned “reoccurring interpretation” fails to do. / Este não pretende ser um trabalho meramente expositivo. Portanto, deseja-se que, a partir dele, algumas questões de importância capital para a compreensão da Filosofia Teórica de Kant sejam não somente erigidas, mas principalmente solucionadas. O ponto de partida inicial consiste no levantamento da seguinte indagação: “Exerceriam as intuições sensíveis o papel de juiz supremo na dissolução das ilusões transcendentais?”. Segundo a interpretação mais recorrente da “Crítica da Razão Pura” – como parece ser o caso das leituras de Cohen, Strawson, bem como de uma série de outras a serem identificadas – a resposta à questão anterior seria afirmativa. Tal concepção (conforme revelará este estudo) advogará que, em última instância, todas as questões da Metafísica tradicional (pré-kantiana) são denunciadas por Kant como ilegítimas precisamente porque não pode ser apresentado, na intuição sensível, um objeto que seja correspondente às idéias por ela construídas. Portanto, Kant não teria feito nada mais do que esboçar uma teoria da possibilidade da experiência (a Estética e a Analítica Transcendentais) e restringir todo o conhecimento humano a este domínio, de modo a postular que as questões metafísicas são ilegítimas por não se submeterem às exigências epistêmicas originais aí esboçadas. Este trabalho entende que a compreensão acima referida desta problemática é insuficiente, haja vista negligenciar o fato de que há, na “Crítica da Razão Pura”, não somente uma anunciação dogmática, mas uma justificação da tese de que todo o conhecimento humano é restrito à esfera da sensibilidade (solo da experiência possível). Esta justificação não é outra se não a crítica das ilusões transcendentais realizada pela Dialética Transcendental. Por meio dos Paralogismos da Razão Pura, das Antinomias da Razão Pura e do Ideal da Razão Pura, os silogismos realizados naturalmente pela razão serão revelados como as balizas para erigirem uma incoerência que diz respeito antes à não assunção dos propósitos iniciais da razão do que a uma inadequação às exigências da sensibilidade. Tais incoerências são as ilusões transcendentais da existência da alma, do mundo (totalidade dos fenômenos) e de Deus – os respectivos objetos da Psicologia, Cosmologia e Teologia Racionais. Tentaremos mostrar, por ocasião deste trabalho, que a ilusão de afirmar, mediante silogismos a priori, a existência destes objetos consiste primeiramente numa inadequação com os propósitos iniciais da razão pura (mesmo que esta venha a, posteriormente, configurar ilusoriamente tais existências) e, somente por conseqüência disto, também com as exigências expressas na Estética e na Analítica Transcendentais. Isto exige do empreendimento a ser realizado neste estudo, portanto, uma Crítica da Psicologia Racional, uma Crítica da Cosmologia Racional e uma Crítica da Teologia Racional. Deste modo, justificaríamos a tese de que todo conhecimento está reduzido à esfera da sensibilidade e esclareceríamos, assim, o porquê dessa ilusão ser considerada, por Kant, como transcendental, racional e, portanto, inevitável – esclarecimento este que a referida “interpretação recorrente” se abstém de realizar.

Abstract Users’ information systems (IS) security behavior continuously draws attentions from scholars and practitioners. While previous studies usually focused on one context (e.g., employees’ compliance with IS security policies in an organizational context), little research has focused on the possible explanations for users’ IS security behavior if the context changes. To address this gap, this dissertation discusses the role of context in IS security behavior research. An analysis of the differences between the organizational context and the home context suggests a need to study users’ IS security behavior solely in a specific context, such as home. This study provides guidelines for applying and developing contextualized theories in IS security behavior research. Based on the guidelines, this dissertation includes two empirical studies. First, drawing on rational choice theory, it compares specific IS security behavior in two contexts: the work context (N = 210) and the personal context (N = 202). Second, drawing on stewardship theory, this dissertation develops a contextualized theory explaining employees’ IS security risk-taking behavior in the organizational context (N = 170). The findings of this dissertation show different explanations for users’ IS security behavior in different contexts and highlight the importance of taking context into account when doing IS security behavior research. The results of each empirical study provide both theoretical contributions to research as well as actionable advice to practice. / Tiivistelmä Tietokoneenkäyttäjien tietoturvakäyttäytyminen on jatkuvan kiinnostuksen kohteena niin tutkijoiden kuin käytännön ammatinharjoittajienkin keskuudessa. Aiempi tutkimus on keskittynyt tarkastelemaan tietoturvakäyttäytymistä yleensä yhdessä kontekstissa (esim. työntekijöiden tietoturvaohjeiden noudattaminen organisaatiokontekstissa), kun taas vähemmälle huomiolle on jäänyt se, kuinka kontekstin muuttuminen selittää tietoturvakäyttäytymistä. Tämä väitöskirja vastaa kyseiseen ongelmaan, sillä se käsittelee kontekstin roolia tietoturvakäyttäytymistutkimuksessa. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan organisaatiokontekstin ja kotikontekstin eroja. Analyysi osoittaa, että on tarpeellista tutkia tietokoneen käyttäjien tietoturvakäyttäytymistä tietyissä konteksteissa, kuten esimerkiksi kotikontekstissa. Tutkimus tarjoaa ohjeita siihen, kuinka kontekstisidonnaisia teorioita sovelletaan ja kehitetään tietoturvakäyttäytymistutkimuksessa. Väitöskirja sisältää 2 empiiristä tutkimusta, jotka pohjautuvat edellä mainittuihin ohjeisiin. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa tutkimuksessa sovelletaan rational choice -teoriaa, jonka pohjalta vertaillaan tiettyä tietoturvakäyttäytymistyyppiä 2 kontekstissa: työkonteksti<br clear="none"/> (N = 210) ja henkilökohtaisen käytön konteksti (N = 202). Toiseksi, tutkimus soveltaa stewardship -teoriaa ja kehittää siihen pohjautuen kontekstisidonnaisen teorian, joka selittää organisaation työntekijöiden käyttäytymistä liittyen tietoturvariskin ottamiseen<br clear="none"/> (N = 170). Väitöskirjan tutkimustulokset esittävät erilaisia selityksiä tietokoneen käyttäjien tie-toturvakäyttäytymiselle eri konteksteissa. Tutkimus korostaa sitä, kuinka tärkeää on ottaa konteksti huomioon tutkittaessa tietoturvakäyttäytymistä. Kummankin empiirisen tutkimuksen tulokset tarjoavat teoreettisen kontribuution lisäksi käytännöllisiä neuvoja tietoturvan toteuttamiseen.

If X is a simply connected CW complex, then it has a unique (up to isomorphism) minimal Sullivan model. There is an important rational homotopy invariant, called the rational Lusternik–Schnirelmann of X, denoted cat0(X), which has an algebraic formulation in terms of the minimal Sullivan model of X. We study another such numerical invariant called the rational retraction index of X, denoted r0(X), which is defined in terms of the minimal Sullivan model of X and satisfies 0 ≤ r0(X) ≤ cat0(X). It was introduced by Cuvilliez et al. as a tool to estimate the rational Lusternik–Schnirelmann category of the total space of a fibration. In this thesis we compute the rational retraction index on a range of rationally elliptic spaces, including for example spheres, complex projective space, the biquotient Sp(1) \ Sp(3) / Sp(1) × Sp(1), the homogeneous space Sp(3)/U(3) and products of these. In particular, we focus on formal spaces and formulate a conjecture to answer a question posed in the original article of Cuvilliez et al., “If X is formal, what invariant of the algebra H∗(X;Q) is r0(X)?”

The increasing dependence of modern societies, industries, and individuals on information technology and computer networks renders them ever more vulnerable to attacks on critical IT infrastructures. While the societal threat posed by hackers and other types of cyber-criminals has been growing significantly in the last decade, main-stream criminology has only recently begun to realize the significance of this threat. Cyber-criminology is slowly emerging as a subfield of criminological study and has yet to overcome many of the problems other areas of criminological research have already mastered. Aside from substantial methodological and theoretical problems, cyber-criminology currently also suffers from the scarcity of available data. As a result, scientific answers to crucial questions, such as who exactly the attackers are and why they engage in hacking activities, remain largely fragmentary. The present study begins to fill this remaining gap in the literature. It examines survey data about hackers, their involvement in hacking, their motivations to hack, and their hacking careers. The data for this study was collected during a large hacking convention in Washington D.C. in February 2008. The theoretical framework guiding the analyses is the rational choice perspective (Clarke & Cornish, 1985). Several hypotheses about hackers are derived from the theory and some of its models are transposed into the context of hackers. Results suggest that the rational choice perspective is a viable theory when applied to cyber-criminals. Findings also demonstrate that the creation of more effective countermeasures requires adjustments to our understanding of who hackers really are and why they hack.

The general scope of this thesis is aimed at investigating certain classes of discrete equations through the analysis of certain characteristics of the solutions of these equations. We construct new methods of analysis based on the growth of these characteristics that let us single out known integrable discrete equations from certain class of equations. These integrable discrete equations are discrete analogues of the famous Painleve equations.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este nÃo pretende ser um trabalho meramente expositivo. Portanto, deseja-se que, a partir dele, algumas questÃes de importÃncia capital para a compreensÃo da Filosofia TeÃrica de Kant sejam nÃo somente erigidas, mas principalmente solucionadas. O ponto de partida inicial consiste no levantamento da seguinte indagaÃÃo: âExerceriam as intuiÃÃes sensÃveis o papel de juiz supremo na dissoluÃÃo das ilusÃes transcendentais?â. Segundo a interpretaÃÃo mais recorrente da âCrÃtica da RazÃo Puraâ â como parece ser o caso das leituras de Cohen, Strawson, bem como de uma sÃrie de outras a serem identificadas â a resposta à questÃo anterior seria afirmativa. Tal concepÃÃo (conforme revelarà este estudo) advogarà que, em Ãltima instÃncia, todas as questÃes da MetafÃsica tradicional (prÃ-kantiana) sÃo denunciadas por Kant como ilegÃtimas precisamente porque nÃo pode ser apresentado, na intuiÃÃo sensÃvel, um objeto que seja correspondente Ãs idÃias por ela construÃdas. Portanto, Kant nÃo teria feito nada mais do que esboÃar uma teoria da possibilidade da experiÃncia (a EstÃtica e a AnalÃtica Transcendentais) e restringir todo o conhecimento humano a este domÃnio, de modo a postular que as questÃes metafÃsicas sÃo ilegÃtimas por nÃo se submeterem Ãs exigÃncias epistÃmicas originais aà esboÃadas. Este trabalho entende que a compreensÃo acima referida desta problemÃtica à insuficiente, haja vista negligenciar o fato de que hÃ, na âCrÃtica da RazÃo Puraâ, nÃo somente uma anunciaÃÃo dogmÃtica, mas uma justificaÃÃo da tese de que todo o conhecimento humano à restrito à esfera da sensibilidade (solo da experiÃncia possÃvel). Esta justificaÃÃo nÃo à outra se nÃo a crÃtica das ilusÃes transcendentais realizada pela DialÃtica Transcendental. Por meio dos Paralogismos da RazÃo Pura, das Antinomias da RazÃo Pura e do Ideal da RazÃo Pura, os silogismos realizados naturalmente pela razÃo serÃo revelados como as balizas para erigirem uma incoerÃncia que diz respeito antes à nÃo assunÃÃo dos propÃsitos iniciais da razÃo do que a uma inadequaÃÃo Ãs exigÃncias da sensibilidade. Tais incoerÃncias sÃo as ilusÃes transcendentais da existÃncia da alma, do mundo (totalidade dos fenÃmenos) e de Deus â os respectivos objetos da Psicologia, Cosmologia e Teologia Racionais. Tentaremos mostrar, por ocasiÃo deste trabalho, que a ilusÃo de afirmar, mediante silogismos a priori, a existÃncia destes objetos consiste primeiramente numa inadequaÃÃo com os propÃsitos iniciais da razÃo pura (mesmo que esta venha a, posteriormente, configurar ilusoriamente tais existÃncias) e, somente por conseqÃÃncia disto, tambÃm com as exigÃncias expressas na EstÃtica e na AnalÃtica Transcendentais. Isto exige do empreendimento a ser realizado neste estudo, portanto, uma CrÃtica da Psicologia Racional, uma CrÃtica da Cosmologia Racional e uma CrÃtica da Teologia Racional. Deste modo, justificarÃamos a tese de que todo conhecimento està reduzido à esfera da sensibilidade e esclarecerÃamos, assim, o porquà dessa ilusÃo ser considerada, por Kant, como transcendental, racional e, portanto, inevitÃvel â esclarecimento este que a referida âinterpretaÃÃo recorrenteâ se abstÃm de realizar. / This study is not meant to be merely expository. Therefore, the aim is that some questions of capital importance for the understanding of Kantâs Theoretic Philosophy not only be raised but also resolved, based on this study. The initial starting point consists of raising the following question: âWill sensitive intuition exercise the role of supreme judge in the dissolution of transcendental illusionsâ? According to the most reoccurring interpretation of the âCritique of Pure Reason,â the answer to the aforementioned question will be affirmative, as seems to be the case in the interpretations of Cohen, Strawson, as well as a series of others to be identified. Such a concept (according to what will be revealed in the study), will advocate, in the end, that all the questions of traditional Metaphysics (pre-Kant) are denounced by Kant as illegitimate, precisely because they can not be presented in sensitive intuition, an object which corresponds to the ideas which it, itself has constructed. Hence, Kant would have done nothing more than outline a theory of the possibility of experience (Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic) and restrict all human knowledge to this domain, in a way which assumes that metaphysical questions are illegitimate, as they are not subject to the original epistemic demands, therein outlined. This study assumes that the understanding of this problem, mentioned above, is insufficient, in that it has neglected the fact that there is, in the âCritique of Pure Reason,â not only a dogmatic announcement of, but also a justification of the thesis that all human knowledge is restricted to the sphere of sensibility (grounds of the possibility of experience). This justification is none other than the critique of transcendental illusions made by Transcendental Dialectic. Through the Paralogisms of Pure Reason, the Antinomies of Pure Reason and the Ideal of Pure Reason, the syllogism realized naturally by reason, will be revealed as the foundation for raising an incoherency regarding the non-assumption of the initial proposals of reason, rather than an inadequacy of the demands of sensibility. Such incoherencies are the transcendental illusions of the existence of the soul, the world (the totality of phenomenon) and of God â the respective objects of psychology, cosmology and Rational Theology. We will attempt to show, in this study, that the illusion of affirming the existence of these objects, in light of the syllogisms a priori, consists firstly, in an inadequacy with the initial proposals of pure reason (even if later this becomes an illusionary configuration of such existences) and only as a consequence of it; and also with the express demands of Transcendental Aesthetic and Transcendental Analytic. Hence, this requires a Critique of Rational Psychology, a Critique of Rational Cosmology and a Critique of Rational Theology for the realization of the task in this study. In this way we will justify the thesis that all knowledge is reduced to the sphere of sensibility and will thus clarity why this illusion is considered by Kant to be transcendental, rational and inevitable. This clarification is what the aforementioned âreoccurring interpretationâ fails to do.

Denna kandidatuppsats bemöter frågan om väljarbeteende i allmänna val; huruvida strategiskt röstande (taktikröstning) är ett förekommande fenomen i val till svenska kommunfullmäktige eller ej och i så fall vilka faktorer som ligger bakom strategiskt röstande. En underförstådd tes bakom väljarbeteende är att röstberättigade röstar i enlighet med deras partipreferens utifrån en rad underliggande orsaker, såsom sakpolitik, partifärg, ideologi och organisationsstruktur. Dock har viss forskning uppstått som tyder på att somliga väljare agerar konsekvent och röstar utifrån bästa möjliga utdelning (payoff), snarare än direkta skäl. Dessa indirekta skäl kan röra sig om partiernas valallianser med övriga partier, något som alltid inte uppskattas av väljarna. Under senare halvan av 1900-talet har studier kring väljarbeteende uppmärksammats av statsvetare och beteendevetare. En av de mest omnämnda publikationerna inom vetenskapen är undertecknad den amerikanska ekonomen Anthony Downs som genom sin bok An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957) har undersökt relationen mellan politiska kandidater och väljare. Uppsatsen kommer presentera för läsaren tidigare studier inom detta specifika forskningsområde samt en nutidshistorisk överblick i s.k. oheliga allianser. Resultatet kommer visa på partisamverkans tydliggjorda betydelse i hur kommunmedborgarna röstar i allmänna val.

Världen har genom historien formats och stöpts om av krig och konflikter. Dagens globala värld är inget undantag med inbördeskrig som ett ständigt återkommande fenomen. Våldsyttringar inom stater har sedan andra världskriget varit den största källan till konflikter och bidrar med flest antal offer. Inbördeskrig har drabbat en tredjedel av världens länder under 1900- talet och en femtedel har upplevt minst 10 år av inbördeskrig från 1960. Konflikter runt om i världen påverkar den internationella politiken och hur alla människor lever, och god kunskap om konflikters struktur är därmed ytterst viktig.  De flesta studier på området har behandlat s.k. inter-state wars, d.v.s. krig mellan stater. Studier rörande s.k. intra-state wars, konflikter mellan regeringsmakten i en stat och icke-statliga grupperingar, är dock inte lika vanliga. Under den senare delen av 1900-talet har inbördeskrig varit den form av konflikt som orsakat störst skada och lidande. 1996 publicerade David T. Mason och Patrick J. Fett artikeln ”How Civil Wars End: A Rational Choice Approach”. I artikeln undersöker författarna uppfattningen att det är svårare att fredsförhandla i inbördeskrig än i mellanstatliga krig. Detta då offer och förövare efter krigets slut fortsatt måste leva sida vid sida. I krig mellan stater drar parterna sig tillbaka till respektive territorier vilket gör att en eventuell fredsprocess anses relativt enklare att uppnå. Frågan är vilka faktorer som leder till fredssamtal alternativt till en seger för en av parterna?

Choices made in highly uncertain settings problematise the concept of rationality in decisions-making. Notably, educational choices are conducted on uncertain ground as future prospects in labour markets are always risky. Educational choices should also correspond to values of self-actualisation – derived from ideologies of High modernity (individualisation) –which in turn makes the decision even harder. Many studies have researched risk-taking and economic risk assessments in educational choices. Studies have also shown the effects of individualisation and capitalisation in modern societies. However, few studies on education take both economic and self-developing values into consideration, and even fewer examine the rationality in self-actualisation. This dissertation analyses rationality derived from social circumstances – in this case academia – in order to explain how students make their educational decisions and how they are affected by academic settings during their studies. To investigate this, a survey was constructed and sent to students. Statistical (correlation; group comparisons) and qualitative content analysis was used to interpret the data. The findings suggest that rationality in educational decisions mainly derives from self-interest, but also that academic settings promote this approach. This implicates that uncertainty is dealt with in social environments, and that rationality is essentially a social construction built and harboured within institutional settings.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A flood event in the town of Mariental, in 2006, raised a sudden awareness regarding the state of dam safety in Namibia. Although damage was caused at the town, the flood was not extreme; it was approximately a one in fifty year event. The concern, however, was the increase in risk imposed on the town due to the temporary malfunctioning of the back-up power system: should the secondary back-up system also have failed, the embankment could have overtopped with subsequent failure; a catastrophe. The Rational Quantitative Optimal (RQO) approach, presented in this dissertation, provides a robust risk evaluation model which produces a definitive result for the reduction of risk from the overtopping of earth-fill dams. The model is based on principles of risk, but an assessment of a portfolio of dams provides discrete optimal results, not expressed in terms of probability. All the steps that the methodology comprises have been developed exhaustively and propose to address concerns raised by dam owners and decision makers regarding risk-based dam safety: a transparent framework for decision making related to public safety, which will also appeal to the technically minded portfolio manager looking for a purely quantitative procedure to assist in the decision making process. The RQO process is applied mechanistically, not requiring judgement from the decision maker. It thus addresses the concern raised by dam owners regarding the probability of risk assessment being judgmental. Risk in this dissertation is associated with embankment dams and concomitant external erosion, which globally is the single largest cause of failure of these dams. This specific failure mechanism, in particular, is a threat in Namibia, since other mechanisms, such as internal erosion, poses very little risk to the type of embankment dams typically found in Namibia. Therefore, for practical purposes, the extreme flood hydrology in Namibia is revisited and applied to real dams in the RQO model. Extreme flood hydrology in Namibia has, for the past thirty years, largely been based on the South African Department of Water Affairs Technical Report 137 (TR 137) of 1988; This report proposes an empirically established upper limit of flood peaks, called the Regional Maximum Flood (RMF), which is associated with an annual recurrence interval of 10 000 years, as shown in this study from probabilistic analysis which included palaeoflood data. The updated flood model incorporates thirty years of additional systematic data, as well as palaeoflood data that has resulted from a new approach. The new data have provided an increase in the K‒value boundaries for some of the regional flood zones. A revised graphical distribution of the K‒value zones for Namibia is presented and is proposed as a replacement for the current model. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Vloed in die dorp Mariental, in 2006, het belangstelling in damveiligheid in Namibia aangewakker. Alhoewel skade aangerig is aan die dorp, was dit nie ‘n besonderse groot vloed nie; dit was ‘n vloed met ongeveer ‘n vyftig jaar herhalingsperiode. Kommer met betrekking tot die voorval spruit uit die toename in risiko weens die bystand kragaanleg wat gefaal het toe dit nodig was. Indien die tweede bystand stelsel ook nie gewerk het nie, kon die dam se wal oorstroom het, wat tot katastrofiese faling van die dam kon gelei het. Die Rasionele Kwantitatiewe Optimale benadering (RQO) vir damveiligheid, wat verlaging in risiko teen oorstroming van grondvul damme teweegbring word hier voorgestel. Die model is gebaseer op beginsels van risiko analise, maar die resultaat vir ‘n portefeulje van damme word uitgedruk nie in waarskynlikheidsterme nie, maar in terme van ‘n diskrete optimale antwoord. Die metode is in diepte ontwikkel en spreek onsekerhede aan waarvoor dam-eienaars en besluitnemers te staan gekom het; ‘n deursigtige besluitnemings proses wat die veiligheid van die publiek eerste stel, en wat ook aanklank sal vind by ‘n tegnies georiënteerde bestuurder wat ‘n kwantitatiewe oplossing soek vir besluitneming by ‘n portefeulje van damme. Die RQO proses is meganisties in sy toepassing; dit verg geen oordeel van die besluitnemer nie. Sodoende spreek dit ‘n bekommernis aan wat menige dam-eienaars het oor die onpartydigheid of onbevooroordeeldheid in risiko besluitneming. Risiko word in hierdie studie geassosiëer met grondvul damme en eksterne erosie. Eksterne erosie is op internasionale vlak die grootste enkele oorsaak van faling van grondvuldamme. Hierdie falingsmeganisme is ook die grootste risiko van faling wat in Namibia voorkom, aangesien interne erosie nie by rotsvul damme, wat tipies in Namibia gebou word, ‘n groot risiko inhou nie. Dus, vir die praktiese toepassing van die RQO metode, word die ekstreme vloedhidrologie van Namibië ook onder oënskou geneem. Die afgelope dertig jaar is vloedhidrologie in Namibie hoofsaaklik gebaseer op die streeksmaksimum vloed metode wat deur Kovács (1988), van die destydse Suid Afrikaanse Departement van Waterwese, opgestel is vir lande in suidelike Afrika. Dit is beskryf in die tegniese verslag, die TR 137 van 1988, van die Departement van Waterwese, Suid Afrika. TR 137 stel ‘n streeksverbonde empiries-gebaseerde boonste limiet vir vloede voor, die sogenaamde Streeks Maksimum Vloed (SMV). Hierdie studie het gevind dat die SMV vloede tipies ‘n 10 000 jaar herhalingsperiode het deur ‘n waarskynlikheidsontleding te doen van die vloeirekords en palaeovloeddata. Die opgedateerde SMV vloedmodel vir Namibie sluit in dertig jaar se addisionele aaneenlopend-gemete data, asook nuwe palaeovloed data. Die nuwe data vergroot die areas van sommige van die die K-sones, wat die streeksvloed sones voorstel. ‘n Hersiene kaart met die nuwe K-sone grense daarop aangedui word deur hierdie navorsing aangebied en word voorgestel as ‘n vervanging van die Kovács-SMV-kaart van Namibië van 1988.