3 ABSTRACT Humankind in its whole being is reflecting an environment by culture and visual art. Different cultural periods value nature and environment differently, what have a strong impact on nature management - some culture periods have a strong feeling for protecting nature for its own value while others see nature just as a source of materials or energy. This relationship is possible to find in art artifacts made during particular culture period. The communistic idea was ruling for almost half of the twentieth century in former Czechoslovakia. And its point of view has strong negative impact on state of nature and environment. As an official style of art socialist realism was approved at the same time. Its main goal was portraying a new communistic world, new communistic society and new communistic man. Aim of this work is to find out how the socialistic realism displays nature and landscape topic in art pieces. In core of this work stays the assumption, that socialistic realism has no value for nature itself, on the contrary it appreciates only it's rebuilding for easier exploitation. Findings are based on study of theoretical art texts and art-pieces from the period 1945 - 1958. Keywords: nature, landscape, aesthetic, art, socialist realism, landscape painting

This thesis deals with transformations of French foreign policy towards Québec and Canada. The first president of the French Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle, as well as all his successors together with their administration supported Québec's international ambitions and its desire to be sovereign abroad in the areas that fall within its competence in internal politics according to the Canadian Constitution. This support took place mainly on the platform of Francophonie. In 1995, the presidential candidate at that time, Jacques Chirac, clearly supported sovereingty movement. After the referendum won by the federalists France started to gradually reconcile with the federal government of Canada in various international politics issues such as protection of cultural diversity and multilateralism. France is also worried that in case of Canada's separation, the English speaking rest of the country would get more easily under the influence of the United States of America. France does not intend to admit this scenario. Jacques Chirac during this twelve-year mandate was gradually deepening the cooperation with Ottawa. Nevertheless, Québec remains the privileged partner of France in the fields of culture and education that are key for French foreign policy. Former French president Nicolas Sarkozy was even clearly...

Proměny konceptu neutrality v teorii a praxi vybraných evropských států Abstract The thesis explores the emergence of a unique concept of neutrality within each the three neutral European countries: Sweden, Switzerland and Austria. In then examines changes in the policy of neutrality over time within each compared states, with emphasis on the post - Cold War transition from a bipolar to a multipolar world order. It is concluded that the end of the Cold War has had a marked influence on changes in the concept of neutrality within each of the compared states, largely because of the emergence of novel threats which can be now more effectively controlled through international cooperation as opposed to unilateral action by a single nation.

In 1948 Czechoslovakian Communist come to power. Their goal is to conquer all segments of society and to promote socialist ideology. The literature has become an important instrument to promote socialism. Official art is dominated by the only permitted aesthetic norm so called socialist realism. A form of socialist realism is constructive novel. One of the most important author is Václav Řezáč and his novel Nástup. Socialist realism can be seen as a mythical system according to Roland Barthes, so as a utterance that hides the historicity and acts as something natural and obvious. Narratological and thematic analysis attempting to expose this myth and revealing strategies, which was formed. Narratological analysis argue against the widely accepted view, that the former literature was written in classic narrative and the use of traditional means of text construction. The aim is to show that the novel is written in a modern narrative, but with the preservativ of the traditional semantic framework, which allows efficient expansion of ideology.

The Concept of Politics in the Realist Tradition of the Theory of International Relations. Juraj Laššuth Abstract: Aim of this thesis is a reconstruction of the notion of politics in the school of classical realism in Theory of International Relations, using the texts of Hans Morgenthau primarily. This aim is followed in four steps - four chapters. First chapter describes relation between antropological/moral background of Morgenthau's political thinking and political sphere. Four images of the relations between anthropology and the evaluation of political sphere are identified and compared ("emacipation", "gay politics", "katechon" and "circles and antinomies") - the final one will be shown as connected with the notion of Hans Morgenthau's realism. Morgenthau's work, built up on tradition of the Pauline epistles, treats evil (defined by lust for power) as inherently present, indispensable from any human acts. Political sphere, defined according "the second principle of realism" by interest defined in terms of power, is a place, where morally ambivalent logic of power stands as the reason of acting. Second chapter addresses Morgenthau's notion of political science by comparing it with the project of Weberian social science, analyses its reason, ethos, complicated relations with its subject, dilemmas which...

Die Dissertation führt den Begriff des Schauerrealismus (gothic realism) als Werkzeug zur Analyse explizit politischer Gegenwartsliteratur ein. Hierbei thematisiert die Arbeit die kulturelle Arbeit des realistischen Gegenwartsromans und begreift Konventionen der Schauerliteratur als Ausdrucksmittel politischer Aktualität und als kulturelle Marker einer als krisenhaft empfundenen Gegenwart. Gleichzeitig leistet die Arbeit so einen kritischen Beitrag zur gegenwärtigen Periodisierungsdebatte im Bereich der amerikanischen Literatur, indem sie an Hand detaillierter Fallstudien die literarische Methodik und kulturell-politische Arbeit realistischer Romane herausarbeitet, die sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen einem Selbstbekenntnis zum Realismus und dem bewussten Einsatz von Konventionen klassischer Schauerliteratur einer klaren Periodisierungsabsicht entziehen. Basierend auf einem Textkorpus der Romane The Dead Zone und Cujo von Stephen King schlägt die Arbeit den Bogen zum gegenwärtigen realistischen Werk von Cara Hoffman und Julia Keller, um herauszuarbeiten, wie schauerliterarische Tropen als realistisches Ausdrucksmittel einen essentiellen Beitrag zur politischen und kulturellen Arbeit amerikanischer Gegenwartsliteratur leisten. / The dissertation introduces the term “gothic realism“ as a tool to analyze explicitly political contemporary literature. The work discusses the cultural work of the realist contemporary novel and conceptualizes conventions of gothic fiction as a means to express political actuality and as an indicator of a zeitgeist characterized by crisis. At the same time, the work critically contributes to the current periodization debate in American literature by offering detailed readings of the literary method and cultural work of realist novels that veer between a self-professed realism and the explicit use of gothic convention. By doing so, these texts escape clear efforts of periodization. Based on the Stephen King novels The Dead Zone and Cujo, the work theorizes and reads contemporary novels by Cara Hoffman and Julia Keller to show how tropes of gothic fiction as a realist means of representation fundamentally contribute to the cultural and political work of contemporary American literature.

Je, kuna uhusiano gani kati ya Euphrase Kezilahabi wa Tanzania na Gabriel García Marquez wa Kolombia, au kati ya Kyallo Wadi Wamitila wa Kenya na Juan Rulfo wa Meksiko ama kati ya Günter Grass wa Ujerumani na Said Ahmed Mohamed wa Zanzibar? Waandishi hawa waliotengwa kitaifa na kilugha wanaunganishwa na uamuzi wao wa kuandika riwaya kwenye mtindo usiokuwa wa kawaida, mtindo wa uhalisiamazingaombwe. Kwa kulinganisha na kulinganua riwaya ya Mohamed na ile ya Grass ninakazia nadhari dayolojia ya kina iliyochipuka kati ya fasihi ya Kiswahili na fasihi ya ulimwenguni pote. Ni maoni yangu kwamba riwaya mbili hizi, zinakikabili kizungumkuti cha kuwepo kwa mwanadamu kwa kuutupilia mbali mfumo wa uwakilishi wenye uhalisia kama tunavyoujua. Badala yake riwaya hizi zimezingatia mtindo wa ujumi wa kisasabaadaye (postmodern aesthetics). Kazi hizi za sanaa zinatumia sifa bainifu za uhalisia mazingaombwe kama nyenzo za kuakisi na kuakisi kwa kubirua hali halisi ya udhaifu, kuyumbayumba na ukosefu wa uthabiti na udumifu katika maisha Afrika na Ulaya.

Je, kuna uhusiano gani kati ya Euphrase Kezilahabi wa Tanzania na Gabriel García Marquez wa Kolombia, au kati ya Kyallo Wadi Wamitila wa Kenya na Juan Rulfo wa Meksiko ama kati ya Günter Grass wa Ujerumani na Said Ahmed Mohamed wa Zanzibar? Waandishi hawa waliotengwa kitaifa na kilugha wanaunganishwa na uamuzi wao wa kuandika riwaya kwenye mtindo usiokuwa wa kawaida, mtindo wa uhalisiamazingaombwe. Kwa kulinganisha na kulinganua riwaya ya Mohamed na ile ya Grass ninakazia nadhari dayolojia ya kina iliyochipuka kati ya fasihi ya Kiswahili na fasihi ya ulimwenguni pote. Ni maoni yangu kwamba riwaya mbili hizi, zinakikabili kizungumkuti cha kuwepo kwa mwanadamu kwa kuutupilia mbali mfumo wa uwakilishi wenye uhalisia kama tunavyoujua. Badala yake riwaya hizi zimezingatia mtindo wa ujumi wa kisasabaadaye (postmodern aesthetics). Kazi hizi za sanaa zinatumia sifa bainifu za uhalisia mazingaombwe kama nyenzo za kuakisi na kuakisi kwa kubirua hali halisi ya udhaifu, kuyumbayumba na ukosefu wa uthabiti na udumifu katika maisha Afrika na Ulaya.

This thesis analyzes not only the book itself but also the development and transformation of main characters of the novel The House of the Spirits written by Chilean author Isabel Allende. The work deals with an introduction period of the Spanish-American fiction of the twentieth century, with emphasis on magic realism and related spirituality and historical events of the 20th century Chile. The text also focuses on the general theory of characters and plot outlines and structure of the novel. Furthermore, these findings are applied to the fictional character of this work. The conclusion summarizes the results of the investigation carried out and refuted the thesis of literature Isabell Allende. It is concluded that House of the Spirits clearly belongs to the literature of Latin American post - boom and it means much more than just a simple entertaining reading.

The thesis aims to describe the media image of the czech fine art during 1948-1953 in the cultural periodicals "Kulturní politika", "Tvorba", "Var" and "Lidové noviny". It focuses on two topics that occurred most frequently in these periodicals;That is the definition of art and socialist realism and shaping artists and society. Social realism is characterized not only by description, but also by inspiration sources like Czech fine art of 19th century and the tendency to oppose competitive or similar artistic styles and trends like formalism, naturalism, academicism and kitsch. Shaping the artists and society is understood in terms of upringing, education and enlightenment. In connection with these two areas this thesis focuses on history, cultural policy of the Communist Party, the organizational structure of artistic production, distribution of art, shaping artists, penetration of art into public and private space, socialist realism and an attitude of visual artists to new conditions of artistic production. Different features were also included to capture the uniqueness of each periodical. The starting point of the thesis is a historical and qualitative analysis.