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The public realm of the ancient, Western city evolved situationally - over time and in response to the ethos of its citizens. Some of the urban forms that were born within the context of the ancient city are still in use today. These now archetypal forms met the specific needs of the ancient city, and as they were repeated, patterns arose that came to define what a physical city was. The physical form of the city and the citizen body were intrinsically linked in the ancient world - and in ancient Greece were defined by the same word - polis. In Rome, the city and the collective citizenry come to be defined separately - as urbs and civitas, respectively. The Romans continue to use and elaborate upon the urban forms and patterns developed in Greece, in support of the Roman civitas. The development of the public realm and its most archetypal forms, from the stoa to the public plaza, of a selection of ancient cities will be examined in three parts; Greece, Rome, and Roman colonies. Within these three representative examples, a tripartite examination of the myths, rituals, and development of the public realm will give a complete picture of the city - its form and its ethos. First, the Greek city will be discussed using the architectural development of the Athenian agora within its historical and political context. With an understanding of the Greek public realm, specific architectural advancements, including the stoa form, of the Greeks can be better understood. Second, the Roman elaboration of the Greek forms will be traced in the growth of the Forum Boarium in Rome. While situationally-developed, the archetypal urban forms that grew in Greece and Rome came to define urban patterns that could be used in new settings, like those of colonial settlements, while retaining the ethos of the original. From its first colony of Ostia to its exemplary Gallic capital of Lyon, Rome established a codified set of urban patterns that both represented and explained Roman urban values to its expanding populace. Finally, the Roman contributions, particularly the colony and fora patterns that evolved in Gaul, will be examined in detail using the colonial capital of Lyon as the primary example. As new socio-political systems evolved - the polis in Athens and the Empire in Rome - correlating urban forms developed in support of them. In the ancient city, the city and the public realm were the containers for ritual action - and the architecture that developed reflected this basic purpose of the city.

The area of sport policy is in the political science a marginal issue, although the Czech public considers this as an important policy. The paper deals with the mutual relationships among sport, politics and civil society. The primary goal of this thesis is the analysis of the current sport policy and its stakeholders in the Czech Republic. The main text is divided into three chapters. The first one consists of theoretical part and deals with the theory of civil society, public policy and the issues of interest intermediation. The second chapter draws attention to the basic attributes of sport such as emergence, division and in particular the importance of sport for social relations. The last third chapter focuses mainly on the analysis of interests, priorities and goals of political parties and interest groups -- sports and physical education civil associations in the area of sports and physical activities. The end of the third chapter outlines the current problems and perspectives of sport and sport policy in the Czech Republic.

Millions of dollars are spent each year on preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), yet the rates of chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) and neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) infection continue to be high. Health literacy and its impact have been recognized in diabetes maintenance, control of hypertension, medical adherence, and reproductive health outcomes, yet no research has been conducted regarding the relationship between health literacy and chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence. This study examined the relationship between health literacy scores and chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence health literacy scores and reproductive health/STD knowledge, and reproductive health/STD knowledge and chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence. Participants included 114 women over 18 years of age, who attended community health clinics in the northeastern United States. Health literacy was measured using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine instrument, and reproductive health/STD knowledge was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis revealed an inverse correlation between lower health literacy scores and an increase in gonorrhea and combined chlamydia/gonorrhea prevalence. Findings also revealed a positive correlation between health literacy scores and reproductive health/STD knowledge scores. The results of this study suggest that service providers should consider the use of health literacy level with targeted reproductive health and STD messages as a tool to empower clients, decrease the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea, and increase positive reproductive health outcomes.

This thesis explores the transformation of public spaces, with reference to power relations and the struggle for power. In this regard Tehran has been chosen as the main concern and the case of the study, while in its short history of being the political center of the country, the city has been hosting several uprisings and political tensions that are projected on the body of the city. The agencies of this power struggle will be analyzed sociologically and politically, to comprehend the way public spaces of the city and the conception of space are transformed. The spatial analysis of the case of the study in different periods of its history, in relation to socio-political elements of effect, will cause the study to evolve around a simultaneous concentration on spatial transformation and power relations. With such a framework this thesis will question the role of architecture and urban design in the transformation of space, which is dominated by the power struggle, and its balance. The primary aim here is to understand how public space becomes a political apparatus in using urban public spaces historically, in the struggle over power, and how the ruling power represents its ideology in public spaces and how in response the resisting forces of the society manifest their demand for change in public spaces and appropriate those v spaces to live in. Alongside the theoretical discussions, the case of Tehran will provide a multi dimensional source for these explorations / the discussions will mainly focus on a great public square of Tehran (Azadi Square), and the entrance of Tehran University, as the critical and symbolic nodes of public gatherings in the recent history of this city, to analyze how public spaces which are created by one authority of power might totally change in terms of function and meaning, and be transformed into a new entity with similarities and contradictions with the previous one.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-11T18:47:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina Souzaseg.pdf: 467180 bytes, checksum: 86aad574118d56e6f1b1733299df0d05 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Alice Ribeiro(malice@ufba.br) on 2013-05-02T16:02:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina Souzaseg.pdf: 467180 bytes, checksum: 86aad574118d56e6f1b1733299df0d05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-02T16:02:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina Souzaseg.pdf: 467180 bytes, checksum: 86aad574118d56e6f1b1733299df0d05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A entrada na esfera pública brasileira de novos fatos e relatos sobre a violação dos direitos humanos cometidos na ditadura militar tem um significado para além da comprovação desses excessos e do julgamento dos responsáveis. A luta pelo resgate das memórias subterrâneas também diz respeito à possibilidade de dar sentido às experiências vividas por quem sofreu a violência de Estado. A discussão teórico-metodológica sobre relações entre memória, esquecimento e linguagem, parte das propostas metodológicas de Hannah Arendt, segundo a qual, somente as histórias narradas dão significado ao passado e possibilitam a compreensão necessária à reconciliação com o mundo e consigo mesmo. Entretanto, outros autores aportam importantes contribuições à discussão, como a idéia de fragmentos da memória em Walter Benjamin, a discussão da relação entre memória e história em Michael Pollak, o conceito de vida nua de Agamben, etc. Buscamos ver, nas falas de três filhos cujos pais sofreram o arbítrio estatal, o que os move e o que os dificulta na transmissibilidade de suas narrativas. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre_Ribeiro_da_Silva.pdf: 6121181 bytes, checksum: a2934c0c68793f67c1bb35d2f0d96872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / This paper's purpose is to study the formation of the First Presbyterian Church in Cascavel / PR, called the Central Presbyterian Church of Cascavel (IPCC), understanding that such training is embedded in strategies to introduce and spread the Protestant mission in the region southern Brazil during the twentieth century. Thus, after defining the object of study, as sought goals, identify strategies developed and prioritized by the missionaries (ministers) who altered the religious field in Brazil, historicizing the protestant experience in Brazil, the insertion of Presbyterianism in Parana, and finally the process of formation of the first Presbyterian church in Cascavel / PR / Esta dissertação tem por objeto de estudo a formação da primeira igreja presbiteriana em Cascavel/PR, denominada de Igreja Presbiteriana Central de Cascavel (IPCC), por entender que tal formação está inserida nas estratégias para introduzir e disseminar o protestantismo de missão na região Sul do Brasil durante o século XX. Assim, após definir o objeto de estudo, busquei enquanto objetivos, identificar as estratégias elaboradas e priorizadas pelos missionários (pastores) que alteraram o campo religioso no Brasil, a historicização da experiência protestante no Brasil, a inserção do presbiterianismo no Paraná e, por fim, o processo de formação da primeira igreja presbiteriana em Cascavel/PR

The goal of this thesis is to design and implement a library for data synchronization between multiple client's devices in the context of the ecosystem of a single application targeting the iOS, iPadOS or MacOS operating system. The work focuses on the simple integration of the library into existing applications using the Realm database system and on the simple way to connect the user interface with the synchronization process. I solved the chosen problem by designing a synchronization protocol primarily based on log synchronization to distribute changes between the client and the server, implementing a library to monitor changes in the client's database and distribute them to the server, and implementing a server library to integrate received changes and distribute them with help of notifications. The solution provides an easy way to implement data synchronization between multiple devices using custom database server and with the ability to define how to handle new changes of objects presented in the user interface during the synchronization. Created library can be quickly and easily integrated and thus effectively speed up the application development process.

The study examines social and physical connections and images that define the sense of place of three community gardens managed by the City of Portland. Most research on community gardens focuses on social group connections and their impact on community revitalization and empowerment. Few studies consider the impact of physical and social connections to community gardens from the perspective of individual gardeners in constructing their sense of place. No studies have yet examined the relationship between spatial images, space connections, and empowerment feelings related to community gardens. This study is intended to initiate a discussion on the empowerment experience of individual gardeners and their images associated with community gardens in the context of sense of place. Thirty gardeners participated in the study. The use of the narrative photo storytelling method applied through de Certeau's practice of everyday life and narrative city approach enabled gardeners to express in their own terms connections to space and experience of empowerment achieved through community gardening. The study proposes the concept of the Natural Realm as the context for sense of place of Portland Community gardens. Natural Realm deemphasizes the human-centric view of nature. Community gardeners most commonly experience empowerment by perceiving community gardens as sacred places where people feel well because they can grow healthy food, practice green domesticity, and learn from nature in a beautiful setting. The study applies Rocha's ladder of empowerment to examine the relevance of individual and group action in fulfilling empowerment goals in the context of sense of place. Gardeners accomplish most of their empowerment goals through solitary efforts to maximize pleasurable activities and increase personal efficacy and satisfaction by optimizing physical and social connections in community gardens.

In the modern consumer economy, experience is playing an increasingly important role. We are looking to buy a special but authentic experience, in particular when it comes to food consumption. These developments have led to a resurface and reinvention of the traditional covered market hall. New versions of the conventional concept have been created, and these covered food halls put emphasis on creating an attractive public realm for the visitor. However, the different versions of the covered food halls have different public realms with varied effects on the sense of place and conviviality for the visitor. The aim of this research is to find out what the drivers of the public realm of the modern covered food hall are, and to analyze how these influence, and can possibly improve the sense of place and conviviality. Three case studies of new covered food halls in Rotterdam provided valuable insights. From the theories it became apparent that there are four drivers of the public realm when it comes to the creation of a sense of place and conviviality: economical, social, cultural and political. The case studies showed the same result, however it has come to show that the tangible public realm is first and foremost the result of the intangible organization behind the covered food halls, relating to the political driver of the public realm. The structure and the aim of the organization determine the other 3 drivers, resulting in the physical structure of the public realm, and the activities that take place in the space. Within the physical realm, elements such as personalization, flexibility and transparency have shown to be crucial to create a sense of place and conviviality. The organization behind the hall also influences the activities that take place inside and around the hall. In order to possibly improve the public realm of the covered food hall, it is therefore important to start with finding a fitting organization for the aims and goals the covered food halls has as part of the public realm.