The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver transplant recipient factors associated with postoperative complications leading to longer intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay which in turn may increase hospital morbidity and mortality. A retrospective, correlational design was developed with a sample of 230 participants. Data were collected for liver transplant recipients over a four-year period (June 2007-December 2011) from the electronic medical record and the transplant database. T test and binary logistic regression were used to assess for the factors predictive of ICU complications, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital length of stay (HLOS), and overall morbidity and mortality. Data were collected from three time periods: preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. The factors identified as statistically significant were cold ischemic time, lowest intraoperative glucose, postoperative four-hour blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Postoperative Day 1 (POD 1) hematocrit, postoperative lowest systolic blood pressure, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions. Mortality occurred in 1 recipient in the >9-day ICU stay group, and 7 deaths were noted in the >19-day hospital LOS group. Age of recipients who died was 48-59 (6 males, 2 females), with 7 Caucasian and 1 Other. Comorbidities of these deceased recipients were diabetes and obesity with MELD scores of 18-45. Complications experienced by recipients included: 6 with renal failure, 2 with sepsis, 3 with graft dysfunction, and 1 with cerebral edema. Findings from this study showed factors that impact ICU LOS, HLOS, and mortality, including BUN, glucose, and hematocrit. Implications for practice are that these factors should be closely monitored in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative time periods to reduce risks of complications to transplant recipients. Future research should include further evaluation of the factors associated with poor transplant outcomes, including glucose, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) use, age, and gender. Nurse researchers must continue to strive to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of liver disease to reduce ICU complications ultimately to improve the care and outcomes of liver transplant recipients while reducing ICU LOS and HLOS.

We present a simple argument which proves a general version of the scaling phenomenon recently observed in donor-recipient games by Tanimoto [Tanimoto, J., 2009. A simple scaling of the effectiveness of supporting mutual cooperation in donor-recipient games by various reciprocity mechanisms. BioSystems 96, 29-34].

Extinguishing water is formed when extinguishing fires. It contains fire residues, contaminants from what has burned and what has been used to extinguish with. When the fire is extinguished, the extinguishing water sometimes remains on the site and infiltrate the ground and flows on towards groundwater sources or into stormwater, sewage systems or nearby lakes. Materials such as electronics, furniture, solvents, chemicals and vehicles form environmentally hazardous pollutants in the event of a fire that can damage the surrounding aquatic environment and sewage treatment plants. The purpose of the report is to investigate how dangerous extinguishing water is for waste water treatment plants and recipients, what it contains and what volumes can be formed in the event of a fire. The report describes three fires and the pollutants analyzed in the extinguishing water from them, volumes of extinguishing water and how it may have affected the environment. Analyzes show that there are levels of metals, PAHs, PFAS, cyanide and surfactants in the extinguishing water. When comparing extinguishing water with limit values ​​and other waters, extinguishing water contains higher levels of pollutants than domestic water and is also above the limit for drinking water and surface water in many cases. Warning values ​​for wastewater are exceeded in some cases for metals. Toxicity analyzes show that the water contains substances that are toxic to aquatic organisms and humans.  Interviews with representatives from waterworks, the fire service, treatment plants and those who work with recipients around Stockholm show that they have methods for controlling pollution in treatment plants, drinking water and lakes. In the event of a fire, the fire brigade are careful with the amount of water and the use of foam. The fire brigade in Stockholm does not have routines or equipment for collecting large amounts of extinguishing water today. Preventive work by contacting and register companies where there is a risk of environmental impact in the event of an accident take place at treatment plants.  Impact on Henriksdals treatment plant, which is a big treatment plant, from these fires are low. Many pollutants bind to the sludge formed in the treatment processes, this reduces the impact on the biological purification step. However, there are toxic compounds left in the water that have an effect on the biological purification step, nitrification analyzes show. Calculations show that the extinguishing water´s addition of pollutants do not increase the levels in sludge and outgoing water significantly. Sludge is used as a soil improver and spread on fields, in this way the pollutants risk reaching recipients and groundwater in another ways. It may be better for a treatment plant to receive extinguishing water than to let the extinguishing water flow into a lake or water protections area, but treatment plants have the right to say no to extinguishing water. Suggestions for continued work in the area are to build on the experience of the fire water content and volumes used in firefighting. To work out a decision on who will bear the costs of disposing of extinguishing water when needed. A support function for the fire service would be needed that can be contacted when there are uncertainties of the risk of the fire water. The fire service could create a routine for how they could prepare collecting of firefighting water if needed.

Idag står vi inför ett tämligen nytt miljöproblem och det är mikroplast. Det finns överallt, i vår mat, i vårt dricksvatten och i vår miljö. Kunskapsläget om vilka konsekvenser det har på vår hälsa eller på vår miljö är väldigt liten trots att det belyses alltmer från forskningshåll och media. Detta arbete är en litteraturstudie som vill se hur mikroplast uppstår och om där finns något vi kan göra åt situationen. Avgränsningen är satt till dagvatten och till Sverige. Indata till arbetet har skett via OneSearch, hemsidor, Svenskt vatten och litteratur. Ur frågeställningarna mynnade svaren ut i vilka uppkomstkällorna är, att mikroplastpartiklar kan vara både hem och transportmedel för patogener och miljögifter samt handlingsplaner. Utifrån de förslag som sammanställdes för handlingsplanerna för lokal nivå kan dessa ses som en vägledning för en reduktion av både uppkomst och spridning mikroplastpartiklar.

The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the efficiency of wastewater treatment at a selected wastewater treatment plant in Hodějice. It is used for the treatment of mostly sewage water from five municipalities. The aim was to obtain data on the water quality at the inflow and outflow from the WWTP based on its own monitoring, calculate the efficiency and to compare it with the data provided by the WWTP Hodějice in 2018. The relevant issue of pollution, wastewaters, their sewering and treatment is handled in literary review. The thesis also includes characteristics of the area of interest and selected wastewater treatment plant. The results were graphically processed and compared with the emission standards set out in government regulation no.401/2015 coll. and the water authority of Slavkov u Brna, listed in the Sewerage code of WWTP Hodějice. It was found that for the monitored indicators the efficiency of treatment is sufficient.

This thesis deals with current issues in the discharge of waste water from the urbanized area. The main aim is to evaluate the impact of rainwater on the existing unified sewerage system and the wastewater treatment plant in Brno. The theoretical part includes a brief assessment of the current state of the sewerage system of the city of Brno and the basic concepts as well as their use in everyday practice. The practical part focuses on monitoring the quantity and quality of rainwater in the sewage system at the wastewater treatment plant in Brno. These indicators have a direct impact on the safe operation of the sewerage system and wastewater treatment plants within the urban drainage. From this perspective, the work is focused on the evaluation of substance rainwater pollution discharged from busy traffic roads, both in the case of using of a single sewerage system for wastewater treatment and using a separate sewerage system that water to the recipient. To evaluate the function of the municipal sewerage system during extreme precipitation when the sewerage system is overloaded and wastewater overflows over the strain into the recipient. The contribution of the construction of one of the newly implemented retention basins was assessed. At the end of the sewerage system, ie.at the wastewater treatment plant, there were monitored changes in material composition, as well as the quantity and temperature of the influent wastewater during precipitation events, which affect the individual cleaning processes. In the conclusion, there is made an overall evaluation of the impact of precipitation water on drainage system of the city of Brno and its wastewater treatment plant. At the same time, there are evaluated newly designed concepts of drainage with respect to the already implemented measures for minimizing the impact of operational activities of sewerage system on the environment, especially the measures that aim to reduce the bag load of recipient.

No description available.

The presented diploma thesis deals with titles of films and TV serials made in anglophone countries or in their co-production, in which their titles were either translated from English to Czech, or possibly the original titles were presented to Czech viewers in original form. The thesis analyzes and classifies the structure of the original and translated titles, characterizes the linguistic means used in them and compares the two titles on the basis of the acquired knowledge. For the purpose of analyzing and comparing the titles, a corpus of titles obtained by an excerpt from the Czech-Slovak Film Database (ČSFD.cz), was created. Titles from the years 1990 to 2015 were placed into the corpus, and each year contains the same number of titles. In total, 625 titles of foreign films and TV serials which form the main corpus, and 200 titles of domestic films and TV serials which form the control corpus, were gathered. A short questionnaire illustrating title influence on viewers when choosing a film, is also part of this diploma thesis. Key words title, film, film title, film name, functions of title, translation, translation strategies, equivalency, recipient

<p>Three methods of sensitivity and unceartainty analysis have been applied to the operative stormwater- and recipient model StormTac. The study area is the watershed of lake Flaten in the municipality Salem. StormTac’s submodels for stormwater, pollutant transport and the recipient are cosidired. In the sensitivity assessment, the model parametres and inputs were varied one at a time by a constant percentage according to the “one at a time” (OAAT) method and the response of the outputs were calculated. It was found that the stormwater- and baseflow were most sensitive to perturbations in the perciptation. Unceartainty analysis using Monte Carlo simulation was performed in two different ways. (1) All model parametres and inputs were included with defined unceartainties and the resulting unceartainty for the target variable was quantified. Thereafter, whith the purpose to estimate the contribution of all the parametres and inputs, the cumulative uncertainty for the target variable, each parameters/inputs unceartainty was omitted one at the time. The most crucial uncertainty for the storm water flow was the runoff coefficient for forestland and the perciptation (i.e the differens between the 90- and 10-percentile for the storm water flow was reduced whith 44 % and 33 % respectively). (2) To identify optimal parameter intervals, the probability for an acceptable value of the target variable was plotted against each parameters value range. The result suggests that for some of the parametres i StormTac, the ranges should be changed.</p> / <p>Den operativa dagvatten- och recipientmodellen StormTac har applicerats på sjön Flatens avrinningsområde i Salems kommun. StormTac:s delmodeller för dagvatten, föroreningstransport och recipienten studerades. Tre olika metoder för att undersöka osäkerheten och känsligheten hos parametrar och indata i delmodellerna tillämpades. I känslighetsanalysen (OAAT-metoden) behäftades parametervärdena och indata med systematiska fel och responsen hos utdata beräknades. Dag- och basvattenflödet var känsligast mot fel i nederbördsdata, medan kväve-, fosfor- och kopparbelastningen till recipienten var känsligast mot respektive förorenings dagvattenkoncentration från områden med bebyggelse. Varje parameter och indatas bidrag till den kumulativa osäkerheten hos utdata uppskattades med hjälp av Montecarlosimulering. Genom att för varje effektvariabel studera differensen mellan 90- och 10-percentilen när osäkerheten hos en parameter/indata i taget utelämnades, kunde varje parameters/indatas bidrag till modellresultatets osäkerhet kvantifieras. För dagvattenflödet bidrog avrinningskoefficienten för skogmark med 44 % av osäkerheten och nederbörden med 33 %. Montecarloanlys praktiserades även för att identifiera optimala intervall för parametrarna i modellen. Sannolikheten för ett accepterat värde på den simulerade effektvariabeln plottades mot varje parameters värdemängd. För vissa parametrar indikerade resultatet att intervallen kan förändras mot hur de i nuläget ser ut i StormTac. Uniforma sannolikhetsfördelningar, begränsade av StormTac:s min- och maxvärden för parametrarna och ± 50% av orginalvärdet för indata, användes i båda osäkerhetsanalyserna.</p>

Watercourses influenced by anthropogenic activity increases in recent years and streams lose their natural character. This situation is critical particularly in small streams with minimal flow rates. The present work deals with the assessment of streams affected by discharges of treated wastewater from small waste water treatment plants. The results showed that in case of average flow in the recipient none of the monitored waste water treatment plants do not negatively affect the stream. Problems can occur when snow melts, when the lower temperature of the flowing water in the wastewater treatment plants negatively affect biological cleaning processes.