Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2000. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2000. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Title from title screen. Wendy Simonds, committee chair; Ralph LaRossa, Charles A. Gallagher, committee members. Electronic text (289 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-275).

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the growth of the seedlings, in different sizes and recipients, with different types of substracts. The experiment was established and conducted on the premises of the Forestry Science Silviculture Laboratory of the Federal University in Santa Maria, located in the Central Depression Area of the State, in the municipality of Santa Maria, State of Rio Grande do Sul, and the area is at an approximate altitude of 90 to 95 meters, its geographic location is between parallels 20º43 and 29º44 latitude south, and between meridians 53º42 and 53º44 longitude west of Greenwich. Statistical delineation utilized was an entirely casualized block, and as the treatment consisted of different recipientss and different substracts, the bifactoral system was adopted, with 16 treatments and 4 repetitions. On average, 96 plants were seeded in each parcel, and with the exclusion of the two border rows, 32 useful plants were obtained. The seeds came from Afubra s Socioenvironmental Program, a sub-project of the Native Tree Seed Pouch program. Three seeds were sown into each recipient and later submitted to thinning out. Evaluations started 90 days after seeding, and were concluded in 180 days, taking into consideration stem diameter, size of seedlings, dry root weight, dry aerial weight, and the Dickson quality rate. Using the variance analysis and average comparison test, through the Tukey test, there were no significant differences in the analyzed parameters for the following variables: stem diameter; size of seedlings; dry root weight, dry aerial weight and Dickson quality rate, among the 180 cm³ and 280 cm³ cells. For the variables: stem diameter, dry root weight, and Dickson quality rate, the best media was the so-called Plantmax Agrícola. For the seedling size and dry aerial weight variables, the best media was defined as Humosolo Vida. Based on these results, it is possible to recommend 180-cm³ recipients, for their economic advantages in terms of less material, less labor and smaller transport costs. The recommended media is the Plantmax Agrícola, which has so far produced the best results in terms of seedling quality patterns. / Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar o crescimento das mudas em diferentes tamanhos de recipientes com diferentes tipos de substratos. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido no viveiro florestal, junto ao Laboratório de Silvicultura do Departamento de Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, localizado na Depressão Central do Estado, no município de Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul, cuja área possui uma altitude aproximada de 90 a 95 metros, sua localização geográfica é entre os paralelos 20º43 e 29º44 de latitude sul, e entre os meridianos 53º42 e 53º44 de longitude oeste de Greenwich. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi bloco inteiramente casualizado, e como os tratamento se constituíram em diferentes tubetes e diferentes substratos adotou-se o sistema bifatorial, com 16 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Foram semeadas em média 96 plantas em cada parcela, excluindo-se duas linhas de bordadura, obteve-se 32 plantas úteis. As sementes foram obtidas junto ao Programa de Ação-Sócio Ambiental da Afubra, sub-projeto Bolsa de Sementes de Árvores Nativas , sendo semeadas três sementes em cada recipiente e posteriormente realizado o raleio. As avaliações iniciaram-se aos 90 dias após a semeadura, e concluídas aos 180 dias, através do diâmetro do colo, altura das mudas, peso seco de raízes, peso seco da parte aérea e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Através da análise de variância e teste de comparação de médias, pelo teste de Tukey, não se encontraram diferenças significativas nos parâmetros analisados para as variáveis: diâmetro do colo; altura da mudas, peso seco de raízes, peso seco da parte aérea e o índice de qualidade de Dickson, entre os tubetes 180 cm³ e 280 cm³. As variáveis diâmetro do colo, peso seco de raízes e o índice de qualidade de Dickson o melhor substrato foi o definido como Plantmax Agrícola. As variáveis altura das mudas e peso seco da parte aérea o melhor substrato foi o definido como Humosolo Vida. Com base nestes resultados é possível recomendar o recipiente de 180 cm³, pelas vantagens econômicas em economia de material, mão-de-obra e transporte, quanto ao substrato a definição recomendado é pelo substrato Plantmax Agrícola pelos melhores resultados obtidos quanto aos padrões de qualidade das mudas.

This paper examines British Columbia's residency requirement on social assistance implemented by the NDP government on December 1, 1995. The policy created a three-month waiting period for newcomers to the province before they could apply for social assistance. Because it violated ;the Canada Assistance Plan (CAP), the residency requirement put the BC government at risk of losing, through federal penalty, many millions of dollars more than the intended savings. To explain the BC government's decision-making, I use a rational choice nested games approach. I argue that the residency requirement policy produced two sets of interactions in two separate policy arenas. In the principal arena, the British Columbia Social Services Ministry negotiated with the federal Department of Human Resources Development (HRD). The negotiations centred on the possibility of federal concessions in- exchange for BC withdrawing the residency requirement. In the secondary arena, the federal Department of Finance was consulting with its provincial counterparts regarding the' long-term funding formula for the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST) set to replace CAP on April 1, 1996. Social Services interacted with the federal Department of Finance to influence the outcome of the funding decision. I propose that the BC government risked minimal resources in the primary arena to gain substantially higher payoffs from the CHST funding formula. The government linked these two arenas through a 'trade-off strategy that allowed them to apply the political pressure and communication generated by the residency requirement and negotiations with HRD to the Finance arena. This enabled them to. increase the possibility of a favourable payoff in that arena. I find that the rational, choice approach produces an explanation that reflected the government's actual decision-making more closely than other theoretical approaches. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

I takt med att behovet av organ ökar utförs det fler organtransplantationer varje år. För att kunna få ett nytt organ innebär det för många att någon annan avlider under de omständigheterna så att organen kan doneras, och framförallt att viljan att donera sina organ finns från den avlidne eller dess anhöriga. Ett beslut som kan ge flera andra livet tillbaka. Transplantationsprocessen är lång och slutar inte när det nya organet är transplanterat, förutom livslång medicinering kan många tankar och frågor uppstå. Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser att leva med ett organ från en avliden donator. Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie där tio resultatartiklar som svarade till studiens syfte granskades och sammanställdes, vilket resulterade i fem teman; Upplevelser av tacksamhet, Upplevelser av ansvar inför donator, Upplevelser av ett förändrat själv, Upplevelser av skuld samt Upplevelser av sorg. Huvudfynden i resultatet var att mottagarna upplevde en förändring av sig själva efter transplantationen samt upplevelser av tacksamhet över att ha fått en andra chans i livet. För att hantera förändringen krävs det hjälp och förståelse från sjukvården. Större förståelse kring mottagares upplevelser efter transplantationen med organ från en avliden donator behövs för att bättre kunna bemöta deras behov. / The need for organ transplants has risen considerably, that is why there are more organ transplants carried out each year. To acquire a new organ means for many that somebody has to die during circumstances that an organ can be donated and the donor or their relatives must have a will to donate their organ. The transplant process is long and doesn't end when the new organ is transplanted, in addition to lifelong medication there can be many thoughts and questions that can arise. The purpose of this study was to describe the patients experience to live with an organ from a deceased donor. The study was carried out like a general literature study. The ten resulting articles were assessed, compiled and resulted in the following five themes: Experience of gratefulness, Experience of responsibility to the donator, Experience of a changed self, Experience of guilt and Experience of grief. The main findings from the study is that the recipient experiences a change in their self and experience of gratefulness. A wider understanding around the recipient experiences after a transplant with an organ from a deceased donor, where personal treatment is needed to support the requirements.

No description available.

Swedish pupils are exposed to English outside school to a large extent today, which makes English Foreign Language (EFL) teaching challenging in several ways. The topic for this study arouse when some pupils expressed that working with text and workbooks or digital teaching materials tended to be boring or lacking challenges. Pupils meet English in various environments and in order to be able to communicate they need to have a language, not just knowing about a language. The Swedish curriculum emphasizes the importance of pupils being presented to teaching aids which can provide them with a rich and dynamic language, as well as authentic content in order to reflect on and enhance their own use of language. Previous research showed that working with authentic materials and authentic recipients may provide pupils with learning situations that promote communication and motivation to enhance pupil’s English knowledge. In order to explore Swedish EFL teachers’ perceptions on working with authentic recipients in grades 4-6, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results from the questionnaire and interviews show that Swedish EFL teachers include activities with authentic recipients to some extent, but there seem to be a discrepancy between how often they do it and to what extent they wish to do it. The results also show that there is a discrepancy between what kind of activities teachers perform and what kind of activities they would like to perform. The results of teachers’ beliefs in this study may contribute to further research on possibilities to facilitate the use of authentic recipients in EFLteaching, if preferred.

Thesis (DPhil (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Informal caregivers play an important role in the well-being of dependent members in a household. The burdens of these caregivers are multiple and pervasive and may contribute to mental health epidemiology as a result of worry, grief, anxiety and stress. The literature review revealed that studies in caregiving and its various facets began from a pragmatically applied interest rather than from theoretical and intellectual curiosity. The majority of the research on caregiver burden involves meta-analysis of qualitative studies with little quantitative research. Also, many of these studies are concentrated on caregivers of chronically ill patients, such as those suffering from dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and heart disease, without much attention to care burden resulting from caring for those who are not necessarily ill. Similar studies by other researchers did not consider the impact of the physical health of the care recipients or the environmental factors that are critical in the study of female caregiver burden in low-income settings. In addition, existing studies did not adequately evaluate the many potential factors that may vary and influence the lives of the caregivers, especially in a single, comprehensive model. This study attempted to provide a more complete picture of these relationships in low-income and culturally diverse settings. The study population consisted of black/African and coloured populations living in subsidised or low-cost housing settlements. In each of the two different cultural communities, 100 black/African and 100 coloured female caregivers were selected through a systematic random sampling procedure. In addition, data were also collected from caregivers in Tamale, Ghana to assess differences between the socio-demographic profiles of the caregivers in Cape Town, South Africa and Tamale, Ghana. The theoretical paradigm used in this study is the Stress Process Model by Pearlin et al., (1990). The study instrument assessed caregiver burden with both objective and subjective measures through the use of a fully structured questionnaire. The information that was collected according to the constructs of the Stress Process Model included personal and role strains and incorporated the physical health of the care recipients and environmental factors such as kitchen and toilet hygiene. Inclusion criteria for the respondents in both Cape Town and Tamale were the principal female caregivers who were present, willing, and able to give informed consent. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22) was used for the analyses. The Chi-square test was used to assess the relationships between environmental health, the socio-demographics of the female caregivers and the health status of the care recipients. The hierarchical regression analysis in the form of a General Linear Model was used to model caregiving burden. iv The results showed that the majority of the female caregivers were in the age group 40 – 49 years and in both Cape Town and Tamale, a large proportion was in the low-income group. Also, the majority of the informal caregivers in the two samples were in care tasks as a full-time job, providing more than 40 hours of care per week. Regarding the length of time in caregiving, a large proportion of the caregivers in both Cape Town and Tamale had been in the care role for more than three years preceding the survey, and almost all the caregivers in the Cape Town sample (98.4%) did not use any form of caregiving programme to ameliorate the negative effects of caregiving. Further, the results showed statistically significant relationships between the socio-demographic characteristics of female caregivers (age, education, population group and income status) and the diarrhoea status of the care recipients. Also, a significant relationship was shown between environmental health variables of the home (kitchen hygiene and toilet hygiene) and the physical health of the care recipients. The major predictors of female caregiver burden in the samples were the physical health of the care recipients and access to social grants. On the basis of the analyses, it was recommended that the government should recognise the importance of the physical health of the care recipients and increase the amounts of social grants to the caregivers since this could improve the circumstances of both the caregivers and the care recipients. In addition, this could aid in improving the standard of living of caregivers in these households. Future research in similar settings should disaggregate the data to compare the burden of caring for caregivers of physically strong care recipients with physically ill care recipients.

Previous research has shown that welfare recipients are subject to prejudicial attitudes from others while welfare recipients themselves experience feelings of shame related to their need to apply for help for their subsistence. The aim of this study was to analyse how welfare recipients are depicted in Swedish newspaper media in order to better understand the role that the media can potentially play in how welfare recipients are perceived by others and by themselves. The empirical material consists of 74 articles published in two leading Swedish tabloid newspapers - Aftonbladet and Expressen - during the years 2011 and 2017. With Ernesto Laclau & Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory, we have been able to identify six discursive subject positions that welfare recipients are offered in the material. Our findings show that these subject positions contribute to creating a picture of “deserving” and “undeserving” welfare recipients with the latter representing a threat to the cornerstones of the Swedish welfare state. This picture, however, is not static and between 2011 and 2017, subject positions that can be seen as “undeserving” have become more dominant in the discourse around welfare recipients.