Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-149). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-149). Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1626606 bytes, checksum: a9be7e6bd60626dd0adc197b46b4c922 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work deals with the quality of vegetable oils. Thus, refined oils from soybean (Glycine max L), both conventional and transgenic, and the crude and refined oils of nhandiroba (Fevillea trilobata L) were investigated. All the oil samples were studied before, during and after the frying process. The oxidative process of these oils was also quantified. With this purpose, the vegetable oils were submitted to the temperature (180 ± 50 oC) in recipients of glass, aluminum, iron and stainless steel. The oil samples were collected in aliquots of 10 ml each, at time intervals of 0, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The analyses of acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, panisidine content and color were carried out. The quantification of the iron and aluminum ions was undertaken by atomic absorption. The quantification of a- tocopherol in crude nhandiroba oil was determined by HPLC. The thermal stability of the oils was assessed using the thermogravimetric curves and the chromatograms of the studied oil samples. The toxicological properties were evaluated; as well organoleptic tests were performed. In vivo laboratorial tests studied the icthyotoxicity in Poecilia reticulata L. alevins and the cytotoxicity in Artemia saline L. larvae. In the sensorial analysis hedonic tests were applied and the following attributes were appraised: aspect, flavor, scent and texture of chicken and fish croquettes. The croquettes were fried in recipients of glass, utilizing refined conventional soybean and nhandiroba oils. The results showed that all the oils investigated during the 72 hours of frying, in the four types of recipients, displayed increasing figures of peroxide value, p-anisidine content and color. The acid value varied, whereas the iodine value decreased. The vegetable oil made from conventional soybean presented important oxidative alterations, when submitted to a heating time of 72 consecutive hours in the four different types of frying recipients. In the recipients of iron and stainless steel, such differences were larger than in the aluminum and glass recipients. The results of the transgenic soybean oil, crude and refined nhandiroba oils showed mild oxidative modifications in all the four types of recipients tested. In the frying process, the physico-chemical properties of the vegetable oils influenced the sensorial profile of the victuals. It was observed for the sensorial property aspect that there was no meaningful difference between the two oil types, in other words, the aspects of the fried croquettes in the two oils were considered to be the same. In the evaluation of the attributes scent, texture and flavor, it was noticed, for the chicken croquettes, a difference between the two oil types. The conventional soybean oil was better accepted, obtaining the best notes. In the frying of the fish croquette, the nhandiroba oil displayed the best sensorial characteristics. Therefore, in the frying process the cooking recipients of glass, aluminum, iron and stainless steal exert a deleterious influence on soybean oils, as well as on nhandiroba oils. The iron recipient is the one that provokes the largest oxidative effect and the glass recipient the one with the smallest oxidation damage. These alterations, which took place in the investigated oils, influence their quality. / Nesta pesquisa foi analisada a qualidade dos óleos refinados de soja (Glycine max L.) convencional e transgênico (MSOY 8866RR) e do óleo bruto e refinado de nhandiroba (Fevillea trilobata L.) antes, durante e após os processos de frituras e também foram quantificados seus processos oxidativos. Os óleos foram submetidos à temperatura (180 ± 50C) em recipientes de vidro, alumínio, ferro e inox. As amostras de óleos foram coletadas em volumes de 10 mL cada, nos intervalos de tempo de 0, 8, 24, 48 e 72 horas. Nas amostras dos óleos foram realizadas análises de índice de acidez (IA), índice de Iodo (II), índice de peróxido (IP), valor de panisidina (VA) e cor. A quantificação dos íons ferro e alumínio foi realizada através de absorção atômica. A quantificação de a-tocoferol foi realizada no óleo de nhandiroba bruto por HPLC. O estudo da estabilidade térmica foi verificado através das curvas termogravimétricas e dos perfis cromatográficos dos óleos. Ainda, foram realizados estudos das propriedades toxicológicas e avaliações organolépticas dos óleos. Os testes laboratoriais in vivo de ictiotoxicidade sobre alevinos Poecília reticulata L. e citotoxicidade sobre larvas de Artemia salina L. foram realizados nos óleos. Na análise sensorial foram aplicados testes hedônicos para os atributos: aspecto, sabor, odor e textura em croquete de frango e de peixe, em recipiente de vidro nos óleos refinados de soja convencional e de nhandiroba. As análises dos resultados mostraram que, os óleos pesquisados durante as 72 horas de fritura nos quatro tipos de recipientes utilizados apresentaram taxas de IP, VA e cor crescentes, variação no IA e valores decrescentes de II. No óleo de soja convencional foram ocorridas alterações oxidativas relevantes, quando submetido ao tempo de aquecimento de 72 horas consecutivas nos quatro diferentes tipos de recipientes de fritura, sendo que em recipiente de ferro e inox essas alterações foram maiores do que em recipientes de alumínio e vidro. Nas análises dos óleos de soja transgênico, nhandiroba bruto e refinado foram verificadas modificações oxidativas brandas nos quatro tipos de recipientes testados. No processo de fritura, também, foi observado para a propriedade sensorial aspecto, que não houve diferença entre os croquetes de frango e peixe. Na avaliação dos atributos odor, textura e sabor, foi constatado que na fritura do croquete de frango foi registrado diferença entre os tratamentos, o óleo de soja convencional foi mais aceito, obtendo as melhores notas. O croquete de peixe frito no óleo de nhandiroba apresentou as melhores características sensoriais. Portanto, no processo de fritura os recipientes de vidro, alumínio, ferro e inox exercem diferentes efeitos deletérios nos óleos de soja e nhandiroba, sendo o recipiente de ferro o que provoca maior efeito oxidativo no óleo e o de vidro, o menor dano de oxidação. Estas alterações ocorridas nos óleos pesquisados influenciam na sua qualidade.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T19:22:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCBC.pdf: 3507345 bytes, checksum: 7162f4f8f995edd47ce87542289cbf2d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T19:23:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCBC.pdf: 3507345 bytes, checksum: 7162f4f8f995edd47ce87542289cbf2d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T19:23:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCBC.pdf: 3507345 bytes, checksum: 7162f4f8f995edd47ce87542289cbf2d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T19:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCBC.pdf: 3507345 bytes, checksum: 7162f4f8f995edd47ce87542289cbf2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Não recebi financiamento / The woman´s access to higher education and academic career is na achievement. More and more women occupy the graduation chairs, getting to many areas of knowledge, occupying more than half of the places offered. But the number of women found in the highest scientific career positions remains low. What happened along this career path that prevents women able to ascend vertically? The glass ceiling assumption seems to define the force that keeps women in lower hierarchical positions. The glass ceiling is formed not by one, but by many barriers and obstacles that add up acting often in the loss of women throughout their careers. This work seeks to understand a little of the professional lives of researches who managed to get to a privileged elite of science, the "National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development" – CNPq grant recipients in research, with the intention to diagnose the nature and impact of gender differences throughout the scientific career. From this point is possible to draw up suggestions for actions that seek to provide an institutional environment with equal opportunities for both genders. / O acesso feminino à educação superior e às carreiras acadêmicas é uma conquista. Cada vez mais mulheres ocupam as cadeiras da graduação, chegando, em muitas áreas do conhecimento, a ocupar mais da metade das vagas oferecidas. Mas o número de mulheres encontrado nos mais altos postos da carreira científica permanece reduzido. O que acontece ao longo desta trajetória profissional que impede que as mulheres consigam ascender verticalmente? O pressuposto do teto de vidro busca definir a força que mantém as mulheres em posições hierárquicas mais baixas. O teto de vidro é formado não por um, mas diversos entraves e obstáculos que se somam atuando muitas vezes na perda de mulheres ao longo de suas trajetórias. Menor representatividade em postos mais altos da carreira, dificuldade em se fazer reconhecer como pesquisadora o que se reflete na sua produção científica são algumas das manifestações do fenômeno do “teto de vidro”, metáfora que se refere à segregação vertical e aos obstáculos para a ascensão hierárquica das mulheres no mundo do trabalho, em função das intersecções entre a vida doméstica e a profissional. Este trabalho busca conhecer um pouco da vida profissional de pesquisadoras que conseguiram entrar para uma elite privilegiada da ciência, as bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, com a intenção de diagnosticar a natureza e o reflexo das diferenças de gênero ao longo da carreira científica. A partir disso é possível elaborar sugestões de ações que busquem fornecer um ambiente institucional com igualdade de oportunidades para ambos os gêneros.

Inledning: Andelen äldre personer i Sverige ökar och beräkningar visar att det kommer finnas över en miljon personer i Sverige som är över 80 år 2045. Det är fler och fler äldre personer som väljer att bo i ordinärt boende vilket betyder att det kommer att behövas fler resurser för att bemöta deras behov. Att undersöka vårdtagarnas upplevda matsituation är viktigt för att förstå de hälsomässiga, sociala och samhällsekonomiska risker en bristfällig matförsörjning kan resultera i. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka och beskriva den upplevda matsituationen bland äldre ensamstående vårdtagare som bor i ordinärt boende med hemtjänst för att få en förståelse för vilka förbättrande åtgärder som behövs. Fokus läggs på måltidsordning, känslorna kring matsituationen och måltidsmiljön. Material och metod: En kvalitativ studie gjordes i form av djupintervjuer med enskilda individer samt observationer av serverad mat och befintlig mat i hemmet. Intervjuerna spelades in samt transkriberades. Informanterna bestod av sex vårdtagare mellan 77 och 96 år från Höör och Simrishamn. Resultat: Resultatet visar att informanterna är nöjda med maten de får av hemtjänsten. Det finns dock ett underliggande missnöje med hur maten serveras, anpassning till hemtjänstens scheman samt brist på sällskap under måltiderna. Slutsats: Utifrån studien har det visats att vårdtagarna är tacksamma för den hjälp de får av hemtjänsten men det finns tecken på att det behövs förbättringar gällande hemtjänstens kunskap och planeringen av måltiderna. Det är inte möjligt att generalisera resultaten på grund av den begränsade omfattningen dock finns det möjligheter för framtida insatser och forskning kring exempelvis äldres speciella behov när det gäller matens innehåll, konsistens och måltidsordning. / Introduction: The number of elderly in Sweden is increasing and calculations show that there will be over one million people in Sweden over 80 years of age year 2045. There are more and more elderly people who choose to live in their own homes which means that more resources are required to meet their needs. Studying the experienced food situation of care recipients is important in understanding the health, social and socio-economic risks that a lack of food intake can result in. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of elderly care recipient’s food situation, whom are living alone with home care in order to gain insight into which improvement actions are needed. The focus was on meal arrangements, the feelings about their food situation and their meal environment. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was implemented in the form of in-depth interviews with individuals as well as observations of served food and existing food in the informant's home. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The informants consisted of six care recipients between the ages of 77 and 96 from municipalities Höör and Simrishamn. Results: The result shows that the informants are satisfied with the food they receive from the home service. There is an underlying dissatisfaction with how the food is served, adaptation to the home service schedules and company during meals. Conclusion: Based on the study, it has been shown that care recipients are grateful for the help they receive from home care services, but there are indications that improvements are needed regarding home care’s knowledge and planning of meals. It is not possible to generalize the results because of the limited extent, however, there are opportunities for future actions and research on, for example, special needs regarding food content, consistency and meal arrangements for the elderly.

No description available.

In this study the resemblances in the preparatory work that was conducted before the introduction of the Social Welfare Act (socialtjänstlagen) in 1982 as well as before the current legislation that came into power in 2001 has been studied. The aim of this study has been to examine the similarities and differences in preparatory work originating from two contrasting time periods using the model for thematic analysis suggested by Braun & Clarke (2006). The theories that were utilized discuss power, principles of governing and distribution of responsibilities, neo-liberalism, street-level bureaucracy and stigma. An important theoretical component consists of Bacchi and Evelines (2010) “WPR-approach” which brings up how the problem is handled linguistically. The empirical findings spanned over three levels: government, municipality and individuals and demonstrate theoretical models of explanation for these. In the empirical material no solutions on a structural or individual level were presented, instead moral and personal responsibility was accentuated as the path out of poverty. This study showed that the individual is subjectified, stigmatised and renounced which make it even more difficult to break free from the terms of aid.

In recent years, the transplant community has explored and adopted tools for quantifying clinical insight into illness severity and frailty. This dissertation work explores the interplay between objective and subjective assessments of physical health status and the implications for liver transplant candidate and recipient outcomes. The first aim characterizes national epidemiologic trends and the impact of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid quality improvement policies on likelihood of waitlist removal based on the patient being too frail to benefit from liver transplant (“too sick to transplant”). This aim includes more than a decade (2002–2012) of comprehensive national transplant waitlist data (Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR)). The second aim will assess and define objective parameters of liver transplant patient frailty by measuring decline in lean core muscle mass (“sarcopenia”) using abdominal CT scans collected retrospectively at a single U.S. transplant center between 2006 and 2015. The relationship between these objective sarcopenia measures and subjective functional status assessed using the Karnofsky Functional Performance (KPS) scale are described and quantified. The third aim quantifies the extent to which poor functional status (KPS) pre-transplant is associated with worse post-transplant survival and includes national data on liver transplantations conducted between 2005 and 2014 (SRTR). The results of this dissertation will help providers in the assessment of frailty and subsequent risk of adverse outcomes and has implications for strategic clinical management in anticipation of surgery. This research will also to serve to inform national policy on the design of transplant center performance measures.

No description available.

Individuals with a foreign background are particularly financially exposed group in society,who are more likely to receive financial assistance. This study investigates long-term welfarerecipients with a foreign background and their path to self-sufficiency from the perspective ofthe social workers. The study answers two main questions: Firstly, what factors contribute tolong-term acceptance of aid among individuals with a foreign background? Secondly, whatdoes social workers' work look like with long-term welfare recipients with a foreignbackground? The study is based on a qualitative methodological approach, through semi-structured interviews with five social workers from various municipalities within theStockholm area who work within their respective units for financial assistance. The empirical data have been processed with thematic analysis, and the presented results havebeen analyzed with the theoretical frameworks of capital theory and empowerment. Theresults of this study show that both individual- and structural factors can contribute toindividuals with a foreign background getting stuck as long-term welfare recipients. Some ofthe factors are, for example, lack of language skills, low education level, segregation, alimited social network and the demands of the labor market. The results also show that socialworkers' work with long-term welfare recipients who have foreign background is mainlyabout motivational work and finding new individual-strengthening ways to help the clientsbreak their dependence on benefits, where the work can be particularly challenging with thistarget group. In conclusion, this study has contributed to an enhanced understanding of along-term welfare recipients among individuals with a foreign background and how socialworkers work in relation to these clients. / Individer med utländsk bakgrund är en särskilt ekonomiskt utsatt grupp i samhället som istörre utsträckning blir aktuella för att erhålla ekonomiskt bistånd. Syftet med denna studie äratt undersöka långvariga biståndstagare med utländsk bakgrund och deras väg ut till egenförsörjning utifrån socialsekreterarnas perspektiv. Studien besvarar de två framtagnafrågeställningarna; Vilka faktorer bidrar till ett långvarigt biståndstagande hos individer medutländsk bakgrund? och Hur ser socialsekreterarnas arbete ut med långvariga biståndstagarehos individer med utländsk bakgrund? En kvalitativ metod är grunden för empirin i dennastudie genom semistrukurerade intervjuer med fem socialsekreterare som arbetar inomenheten för ekonomiskt bistånd i olika kommuner inom Stockholmsområdet.  Empirin har bearbetats med tematisk analys där det presenterade resultatet sedan haranalyserats med stöd av de två teoretiska utgångspunkterna kapitalteorin och empowerment.Denna studies resultat visar att både individuella och strukturella faktorer kan bidra till attindivider med utländsk bakgrund fastnar i ett långvarigt biståndstagande. Några av defaktorerna är exempelvis bristande språkkunskaper, låg utbildningsnivå, segregation,begränsat socialt nätverk och arbetsmarknadens krav. Dessutom visar resultaten attsocialsekreterarnas arbete med de långvariga biståndstagarna som har utländsk bakgrundfrämst handlar om motiverande arbete och hitta nya individstärkande vägar för att hjälpaklienterna att bryta sitt bidragsberoende, där arbetet kan vara särskilt utmanande med dennamålgrupp. Denna studie har därmed givit ökad kunskap om långvariga biståndstagare blandindivider med utländsk bakgrund och hur socialsekreterare arbetar i relation till dessaklienter.