This work introduces fundamental and alternative definition of Weil pairing and proves their equivalence. The alternative definition is more advantageous for the purpose of computing. We assume basic knowledge of elliptic curves in the affine sense. We explain the K-rational maps and its generalization at the point at infinity, rational map. The proof of equivalence of the two mentioned definitions is based upon the Generalized Weil Reciprocity, which uses a concept of local symbol. The text follows two articles from year 1988 and 1990 written by L. Charlap, D. Robbins a R. Coley, and corrects a certain imprecision in their presentation of the alternative definition. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Using as a point of departure Max Weber's concept of the "iron cage" of capitalism and Marcel Mauss' notions of reciprocity, along with more recent works of China-Africa relations, this study aims to counter dominant Western narratives that frame China as a neocolonial power and suggests some explanations as to why such narratives gain so much traction in international circles.  Such narratives are provided support by comparisons with the European colonization of Africa, but often fail to take into account the differences in China's foreign policies, as well as the potential for growth and development allowed by Chinese engagement.  This study focuses on how these narratives take shape within the context of the author's field work in Nairobi, Kemya among local Kenyans and Chinese ex-pats.  Ultimately, the study finds that Sino-Kenyan interpersonal relations remain strained as a result of unbalanced reciprocation in various forms of exchange, which are viewed by many Kenyans through the lens of these dominant narratives as being representative of an inherently "Chinese" characteristic of greediness and asociality.

Les objets électromagnétiques sont conçus en considérant des matériaux aux propriétés radio-électriques (permittivité, perméabilité) homogènes. Néanmoins, lors de leur réalisation les matériaux réels peuvent présenter des fluctuations de ces propriétés. Ce travail porte sur la mise au point d'outils capables d'estimer le champ diffusé produit par les fluctuations. Trois méthodes ont été mises au point : EMFORS, ABE et RECY pour la détermination du champ diffusé par des fluctuations de permittivité et de perméabilité. La modélisation de la contribution des fluctuations de perméabilité est une avancée significative. En effet, il n'existait pas d'outil traitant ce problème dans toute sa généralité pour estimer le champ diffusé par cette fluctuation. L'absence de magnétisme aux fréquences des ondes optiques en est la principale raison.La méthode RECY est une méthode qui permet d'estimer à l'aide du principe de réciprocité le champ diffusé dans un objet quelconque à partir de la simple connaissance du champ dans l'objet sans défaut et de la fluctuation. Cette méthode permet une fois le calcul du champ idéal effectué par une méthode quelconque (analytique ou numérique) de calculer le champ diffusé de n'importe quelle forme de fluctuation. Nous avons appliqué RECY à des structures comme un réseau simple, une structure industrielle et aux cristaux photoniques. / Electromagnetic objects are designed by considering homogeneous materials properties (permittivity, permeability). However, during their realization real materials may present fluctuations of their properties. This work focuses on the development of tools able to estimate scattered fields produced by fluctuations. Three methods have been developed: EMFORS, ABE and RECY for the determination of the scattered field by fluctuations of permittivity and permeability. Taking into account permeability fluctuations is a significant advance. Indeed, there was no tool to estimate the scattered field by such a fluctuation, due to the absence of magnetic properties at optical frequencies.The RECY method is a method which allows to estimate the field in an object using the principle of reciprocity from the knowledge of the field in the object without defect and of the fluctuation function. This method allows, once the ideal field calculated by any method (analytic or digital), to obtain the scattered field from any structure.We applied RECY for structures such as elementary gratings, an industrial structure and photonic crystals.

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer o trabalho desenvolvido pela instituicão Se Essa Rua Fosse Minha em relacão as identidades culturais. Dentro desta organização, o foco principal recaiu sobre o projeto Dando Bola para a Vida. Este projeto tem como finalidade o trabalho de arte-educação, utilizando a metodologia do Circo Social, com as crianças e jovens do complexo do Cerro-Corá, localizado na Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas duas categorias principais que surgiram da própria lógica do universo estudado: autonomia e reciprocidade. A partir destas categorias a relação dialética entre individuo e seu meio social se estabelece contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da identidade, do potencial de metamorfose e do alargamento do campo de possibilidades. / [en] The objective of this research is to understand the work developed by the institution Se Essa Rua Fosse Minha in relation to cultural identities. Within this organization the main focus was based on the project Dando Bola para a Vida. This project works with the children from the community of Cerro-Corá, which is located in the South part of Rio de Janeiro. It uses an art-education perspective and applies the Social Circus method. Two categories, which arose from the focus group itself, were used: autonomy and reciprocity. Supported by these categories, the dialectics between individual and one´s social surroundings is established and contributes to the development of the identity, of the potential of metamorphoses and of the broadening of the field of possibilities.

O presente trabalho desenvolve uma formulação do Método dos Elementos de Contorno para análise de problemas tridimensionais de fraturamento no regime transiente. Utilizam-se as soluções fundamentais da elastostática para obter a matriz de massa, empregando-se o Método da Reciprocidade Dual e a discretização do domínio por células tridimensionais. Para a integração no tempo são utilizados os algoritmos de Newmark e Houbolt. O fenômeno do fraturamento é abordado através da consideração de um campo de tensões iniciais, introduzindo-se o conceito de dipolos de tensão. Os tensores desenvolvidos que se relacionam aos dipolos, derivados das soluções fundamentais, são também apresentados. É utilizado o modelo de fratura coesiva. O contorno é discretizado utilizando-se elementos triangulares planos com aproximação linear, e elementos constantes para a superfície fictícia de fraturamento. São feitas várias aplicações cujos resultados obtidos confirmam a importância e a adequação da formulação apresentada para os problemas propostos. / This work presents a Boundary Element Method (BEM) formulation for analysis of three-dimensional fracture mechanics transient problems. Elastostatics fundamental solutions are considered in order to obtain the mass matrix, using both Dual Reciprocity Method and three-dimensional cell discretization. Newmark and Houbolt algorithms are employed to evaluate the time integrals. The fracture effects are captured by using dipoles of stresses, derived from an initial stress field. The tensors related to those dipoles, developed in the present work, are presented. The cohesive crack is the adopted model. Body boundary is discretized though linear flat triangular elements and the fracture surfaces are approximated by constant flat triangular elements. Some applications are processed to show the efficiency of presented BEM formulations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Garcia Anffe Braida.pdf: 7408520 bytes, checksum: 0d720164c1c601af502f1fb619c2d395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-25 / This thesis is an ethnographic study about the Mehinako, Aruak group of Xingu s Indigenous Land, analysing the use and circulation of their material goods. These objects run through a diversity of exchanges, sometimes as offerings, other times as merchandise. From the ethnographic description, this research intends to understand how these transactions are manifested, making a comparative analysis with the classical notion of offerings and agency and identifying their proximity and distinctions / Esta tese é um estudo etnográfico sobre os Mehinako, grupo Aruak da Terra Indígena do Xingu, analisando uso e circulação de seus bens materiais. Esses objetos circulam em diversas trocas, em algumas situações como dádivas, em outras como mercadorias. A partir da descrição etnográfica, este trabalho procura entender como se manifestam essas transações, realizando uma análise em que as noções de dádiva e agência são contrapostas, e identificando suas aproximações e distinções

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Garcia Anffe Braida.pdf: 7408520 bytes, checksum: 0d720164c1c601af502f1fb619c2d395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-25 / This thesis is an ethnographic study about the Mehinako, Aruak group of Xingu s Indigenous Land, analysing the use and circulation of their material goods. These objects run through a diversity of exchanges, sometimes as offerings, other times as merchandise. From the ethnographic description, this research intends to understand how these transactions are manifested, making a comparative analysis with the classical notion of offerings and agency and identifying their proximity and distinctions / Esta tese é um estudo etnográfico sobre os Mehinako, grupo Aruak da Terra Indígena do Xingu, analisando uso e circulação de seus bens materiais. Esses objetos circulam em diversas trocas, em algumas situações como dádivas, em outras como mercadorias. A partir da descrição etnográfica, este trabalho procura entender como se manifestam essas transações, realizando uma análise em que as noções de dádiva e agência são contrapostas, e identificando suas aproximações e distinções

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Felipe Patricio das Neves.pdf: 512132 bytes, checksum: d42e56e29214989211674c822342bbea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-04 / In this work is implemented a numerical model to simulate computationally the distribution of pressures, velocities, temperatures and heat flows in two-dimensional stationary control volumes. The relation between temperatures and velocities is established by the advective-diffusive Equation, using the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method formulation... / Neste trabalho é desenvolvido um modelo numérico para simular computacionalmente a distribuição de pressões, velocidades, temperaturas e fluxos de calor estacionários em volumes de controle bidimensionais. A relação do campo de temperaturas e velocidades é governada pela equação da Difusão-Advecção, resolvida através da formulação com Dupla Reciprocidade do Método dos Elementos de Contorno. Admite-se a lei de Darcy para associar pressão e velocidade, resultando num modelo matemático dado pela Equação de Laplace, no caso linear. Na análise não-linear insere-se a dependência entre do campo de velocidades e as temperaturas, resultando num campo matematicamente representado pela Equação de Poisson. Os resultados da solução desse problema são então implementados no modelo difusivo-advectivo, gerando temperaturas e fluxos de calor

Orientador: Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues / Banca: Maria Eunice Quilici Gonzalez / Banca: Umberto Cesar Corrêa / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o conceito de affordance de James Gibson (1977, 1979/1986) e suas implicações teóricas e filosóficas, principalmente no que se referem às noções de informação e de percepção. Como um organismo visualmente sensitivo, o homem se move para atingir as suas metas e tem grande parte de suas atividades sob controle direto da visão, possibilitando uma interação dinâmica com o meio. Duas perspectivas teóricas para a interação agente-ambiente, baseadas na percepção visual, foram revistas neste estudo - a perspectiva representacionista, que admite que representações mentais são necessárias para a percepção visual, e a perspectiva ecológica, que assume que o ambiente pode ser percebido sem o envolvimento de processos representacionais. De acordo com Gibson, muitas questões sobre como a informação visual é "construída" internamente pelo agente poderiam ser substituídas por questões que tratam das fontes de informação no ambiente, determinantes para o comportamento do agente. O conceito gibsoniano de informação reconcilia dois aspectos da relação agente-ambiente, os inseparáveis conceitos de invariantes e affordances. A noção de invariantes é baseada na idéia de que padrões de energia que estimulam os sentidos contêm informações que especificam o ambiente. O conceito de affordances especificamente faz referência ao agente, expressando as possibilidades de ação oferecidas pelo ambiente. Adicionalmente, o presente estudo discute uma variedade de aspectos relacionados ao conceito de affordances tais como a noção de reciprocidade (animal-ambiente, percepção-propriocepção e percepção-ação), as relações com eventos, sua ontologia e as principais críticas feitas por cientistas cognitivos. / Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyse the James Gibson's (1979/1986) concept of affordance and its theoretical and philosophical implications, specially those related to the notions of information and perception. As a visually sensitive organism, humans move to reach their goals and have great part of their activities under direct control of the vision, allowing a dynamic interaction with the environment. Two theoretical approaches to the agent-environment interaction based upon visual perception were reviewed in this study - the representationist approach, stating that mental representations are necessary to visual perception, and the ecological approach, assuming that the environment can be perceived without involving representational processes. According to Gibson, many issues regarding to how visual information is internally "built" by agent should be changed to issues regarding to the sources of visual information in the environment, relevant to agent's behavior. The gibsonian concept of information reconciles two aspects of the relation agent-environment, the inseparable concepts of invariants and affordances. The notion of invariants is based on the idea that patterns of energy that stimulate the senses contain information that specifies the environment. The concept of affordances specifically refers to the agent, expressing possibilities of action offered by the environment. Additionally, the present study discusses a variety of aspects related to the concept of affordances, such as the notion of reciprocity (animal-environment, perception-propriception, and perception-action), the relations with events, its ontology, and its main criticisms by cognitive scientists. / Mestre

Cette thèse en sciences de l’éducation s’intéresse aux ressorts visibles et/ou invisibles mis en œuvre dans les interactions entre adolescents et adultes, au sein d’institutions qui constituent une alternative à l’incarcération (C.E.R., C.E.F.). Ce travail de recherche ethnographique ambitionne de traduire la façon dont des jeunes en souffrance, via des pratiques « contrebandières », parviennent à mettre en mots leurs actes. Les modes d’échanges, officiels ou à la marge du cadre contraint, irriguent les interactions et permettent de reconnaître des adolescents stigmatisés dans des identités autres que celles leur étant assignées. Notre problématique s’articule donc autour des pratiques du don et de la réciprocité, qui autorisent/favorisent des formes d’alliances, transcendent le principe d'éducabilité et permettent l'émergence d’un sujet adolescent en milieu éducatif contraint. Parce que ces institutions totales contraignent dans un espace-temps performatif, des adultes-encadrant à mobiliser des modalités opératoires d’ajustement, elles favorisent le partage d’émotions. Les expériences partagées permettent ainsi de transcender la figure de l’individu à risques en autorisant l’émergence d’un sujet empathique. / This PhD in educational sciences focuses on visible and/or invisible Springs implemented in interactions between adolescents and adults, within institutions that are an alternative to incarceration. This ethnographic research work aims to translate the way dont de les jeunes en souffrance, via des pratiques «contrebandières», parviennent à mettre en mots leurs actes youth suffering through 'smugglers' practices, are able to put into words their actions. Exchanges, official modes or at the margin of the forced setting, irrigate interactions and identify adolescents stigmatized in other than them being assigned identities. Our problem thus revolves around the gift and reciprocity, practices that allow / promote forms of alliances, transcend the principle of educability, and allow the emergence of a teenager in forced education topic.ecause these institutions total forcing in a space-time performative, adults-framing to mobilize operating ways of adjustment, they promote the sharing of emotions. Shared experiences helps to transcend the figure of the individual at risk by allowing the emergence of an empathetic topic.