The master thesis deals with improving of project management in student organization BEST Brno operating at Brno University of Technology, demonstrated on the example of engineering competition. The paper summarizes theoretical knowledge based on IPMA standards with specification for management in a student’s organization as well as it shows their usage in practice.

Le problème de tournées de véhicules avec contrainte de capacité est un problème important en optimisation combinatoire. L'objectif du problème est de déterminer l'ensemble des routes, nécessaire pour servir les demandes déterministes des clients ayant un cout minimal, tout en respectant la capacité limite des véhicules. Cependant, dans de nombreuses applications réelles, nous sommes confrontés à des incertitudes sur les demandes des clients. La plupart des travaux qui ont traité ce problème ont supposé que les demandes des clients étaient des variables aléatoires. Nous nous proposons dans cette thèse de représenter l'incertitude sur les demandes des clients dans le cadre de la théorie de l'évidence - un formalisme alternatif pour modéliser les incertitudes. Pour résoudre le problème d'optimisation qui résulte, nous généralisons les approches de modélisation classiques en programmation stochastique. Précisément, nous proposons deux modèles pour ce problème. Le premier modèle, est une extension de l'approche chance-constrained programming, qui impose des bornes minimales pour la croyance et la plausibilité que la somme des demandes sur chaque route respecte la capacité des véhicules. Le deuxième modèle étend l'approche stochastic programming with recourse: l'incertitude sur les recours (actions correctives) possibles sur chaque route est représentée par une fonction de croyance et le coût d'une route est alors son coût classique (sans recours) additionné du pire coût espéré des recours. Certaines propriétés de ces deux modèles sont étudiées. Un algorithme de recuit simulé est adapté pour résoudre les deux modèles et est testé expérimentalement. / The capacitated vehicle routing problem is an important combinatorial optimisation problem. Its objective is to find a set of routes of minimum cost, such that a fleet of vehicles initially located at a depot service the deterministic demands of a set of customers, while respecting capacity limits of the vehicles. Still, in many real-life applications, we are faced with uncertainty on customer demands. Most of the research papers that handled this situation, assumed that customer demands are random variables. In this thesis, we propose to represent uncertainty on customer demands using evidence theory - an alternative uncertainty theory. To tackle the resulting optimisation problem, we extend classical stochastic programming modelling approaches. Specifically, we propose two models for this problem. The first model is an extension of the chance-constrained programming approach, which imposes certain minimum bounds on the belief and plausibility that the sum of the demands on each route respects the vehicle capacity. The second model extends the stochastic programming with recourse approach: it represents by a belief function for each route the uncertainty on its recourses (corrective actions) and defines the cost of a route as its classical cost (without recourse) plus the worst expected cost of its recourses. Some properties of these two models are studied. A simulated annealing algorithm is adapted to solve both models and is experimentally tested.

In the aftermath of the Great Recession of 2007-2009, banking executives feared the impact of increased capital reserve requirements for losses from mortgage defaults. One reason was that home price declines during the Great Recession precipitated mortgage defaults, which increased the percentage of foreclosures as well as accelerated negative equity, and default. The purpose of this correlational study, grounded in Fishbein's expectancy of value and Vroom's expectancy theories, was to examine the relationship between the independent variables of homeowner's equity, rental cash flow value, and recourse, and the dependent variable, default mortgage status. Archival data comprised a sample of 408 single family residences in Alameda County, California, and Shelby, Fayette, and Tipton Counties in Tennessee. The results of the binary logistic regression model indicated the model was a good fit to predict a significant relationship between the variables (Ï?2 = 3.490, p = 0.322, df = 3). The findings did not reveal a significant relationship between homeowner's equity, rental cash flow value, recourse, and default mortgage status. Therefore, the independent variables did not predict mortgage default status. However, a minor relationship was found between homeowner's equity (p = 0.215), rental cash flow value (p = 0.215), and default mortgage status. A non-significant relationship between the independent variables and default mortgage status indicated that factors other than the study variables influenced default mortgage status. Advocates for fair housing laws may use study findings to encourage lenders to change lending policies to reduce the risk of default and increase stability in local communities, which may result in potential positive social change.

En droit de l’aide sociale, le terme « renonciation » est très peu utilisé par la doctrine, sans doute parce que, de longue date, il a été considéré que le bénéficiaire ne pouvait renoncer ni tacitement ni expressément à son droit à l’aide sociale. Néanmoins, il réapparaît depuis peu dans les travaux de la doctrine portant sur le non-recours aux droits sociaux. Quoique ces notions désignent indubitablement des situations d’abandon de droits, cet usage du terme « renonciation » ne saurait suffire à convaincre de l’existence de la renonciation en droit de l’aide sociale dans la mesure où, malgré les nombreuses controverses doctrinales autour de la définition de la notion de renonciation, elle a toujours été enfermée par la doctrine majoritaire dans un cadre conceptuel particulièrement étroit. Se révèle alors l’intérêt d’étudier la renonciation en droit de l’aide sociale, étude d’autant plus importante que cette réflexion conduit à envisager sous un angle nouveau non seulement la notion même de renonciation, mais encore la problématique de l’effectivité des droits sociaux. L’objet de cette thèse consiste donc à se questionner sur l’existence et sur les caractéristiques de la renonciation en droit de l’aide sociale et, en filigrane, sur la nature et la spécificité de ces droits ainsi que sur la place du bénéficiaire au sein du droit de l’aide sociale. / In welfare law, the term « waiver » is seldom used by doctrine, no doubt because over the years it has been thought that the beneficiaries could not waiver either tacitly or expressly their rights to welfare. Nevertheless, recently the term has resurfaced in doctrinal research on non-recourse to welfare rights. Although these notions undoubtedly refer to situations whereby beneficiaries renounce their rights, such use of the term “waiver” is definitely not sufficient to prove the existence of waiver in welfare law. Indeed, despite numerous doctrinal controversies pertaining to the definition of the notion of waiver, prevailing doctrine has always circumscribed this definition within a very narrow conceptual framework. Accordingly, the study of welfare law becomes significant, all the more so as it leads to considering from a new perspective not only the very notion of waiver, but also the issue of the effectiveness of welfare rights. The aim of this thesis thus consists in questioning the existence and characteristics of waiver in welfare law and inherently, the nature and specificity of these rights together with the place of the beneficiary within welfare law.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-25T12:55:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Valle de Lima - 2018.pdf: 6140413 bytes, checksum: 4bb41779722574af9e9b07103ad3ba20 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-25T13:11:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Valle de Lima - 2018.pdf: 6140413 bytes, checksum: 4bb41779722574af9e9b07103ad3ba20 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-25T13:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Henrique Valle de Lima - 2018.pdf: 6140413 bytes, checksum: 4bb41779722574af9e9b07103ad3ba20 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / LTE (Long Term Evolution) in unlicensed band (LTE-U) has emerged as a promising solution to the problem of the huge growth in mobile data traffic. It expands the benefits of LTE with bands of the unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum, mainly used in IEEE 802.11. But uncertainties as to the availability of these bands make the adoption of LTE-U a great challenge. In this dissertation, we propose a mixed linear programming approach for allocating resources in order to expand service by LTE-U. Subsequently, we propose a stochastic programming approach, taking into account the randomness of the unlicensed band, allocating resources under a certain control in the risk of conflict with IEEE-802.11. We used three models of the literature for the demand for IEEE 802.11 in our tests. The results highlight the importance of prior knowledge about the distribution of this demand. / A LTE (Long Term Evolution) em banda não-licenciada (LTE-U) surgiu como uma solução promissora para o problema do enorme crescimento no tráfego de dados móveis. Ela amplia os benefícios da LTE com bandas do espectro não-licenciado de 5 GHz, usado principalmente em IEEE 802.11. Mas incertezas quanto à disponibilidade dessas bandas tornam a adoção da LTE-U um grande desafio. Nesta dissertação, propomos uma abordagem de programação linear mista, para alocação de recursos a fim de expandir o atendimento por LTE-U. Posteriormente, propomos uma abordagem de programação estocástica, levando em consideração a aleatoriedade da banda não-licenciada, alocando recursos sob um certo controle no risco de conflito com o IEEE 802.11. Usamos três modelos da literatura para a demanda por IEEE 802.11 em nossos testes. Os resultados destacam a importância do conhecimento prévio sobre a distribuição dessa demanda.

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Dans cette recherche consacrée à l'emploi des connecteurs à l'écrit par des apprenants persanophones de français langue étrangère, nous avons étudié leur contribution à l'organisation des textes, ainsi que le rôle de ces connecteurs dans la construction de la cohésion textuelle et dans l'évolution de l'information. Après avoir observé les différences structurelles entre la langue française et la langue persane, surtout en ce qui concerne les connecteurs, nous avons formé l'hypothèse que la langue maternelle de nos apprenants pourrait contribuer à l'emploi erroné des connecteurs. Dans cette optique, nous nous sommes inspirés des théories relatives à l'analyse d'erreurs et à l'analyse contrastive. Celles-ci nous ont permis dans un premier temps de formuler une typologie des erreurs relevées, et dans un second temps de proposer une explication des erreurs constatées. L'analyse de l'emploi de différents types de connecteurs dans les productions écrites d'un groupe d'étudiants iraniens a révélé des points intéressants à la fois sur les compétences des apprenants mais également à propos de leurs besoins langagiers. Cette recherche a confirmé notre hypothèse initiale tout en la nuançant, car elle démontre que le recours à la langue maternelle ne conduit pas inexorablement à un emploi erroné des connecteurs en français L2. / In this research, by focusing on the usage of the connectors in the written texts of the Iranian students in a French language course, we investigated their contribution of the connectors to the text organization in addition to the role of these connectors in the construction of textual cohesion and in the information evolution. After observing the structural differences between the French language and the Persian language, especially regarding the connectors, we formed a hypothesis that the mother tongue of our students may cause the wrong usage of the connectors. To this end, we were inspired by the theories relative to the error analysis and contrastive analysis which allowed us initially to further clarify a classification of the errors and to propose an explanation of the errors found. The analysis of the usage of different types of connectors in the written productions of the group revealed some interesting points on both the students' competence level and their language needs. This research confirmed our initial hypothesis while showing that the recourse to the mother language was not necessarily a cause for wrong usage of connectors in French L2.

[pt] Ao longo das últimas décadas, diversas medidas de avaliação e mensuração vêm sendo alvo de pesquisa com o objetivo de determinar sua utilidade e relevância na avaliação do desempenho operacional de empresas.Tendo sido substituída pela Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa em 1987 nos Estados Unidos, a Demonstração das Origens e Aplicações de Recursos tem vindo a cair em desuso em diversos paises, onde o conceito de fluxo de recursos vem sendo substituído pelo conceito de fluxo de caixa. Para tal, contribui o fato que esta é mais informativa e melhor compreendida pelos usuários. No Brasil, o debate por semelhante substituição vem decorrendo à diversos anos. O EBITDA - Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization é sem dúvida o fluxo de recursos operacionais mais em voga hoje em dia. Por possuir um método de cálculo simples, derivando da demonstração de resultados, o EBITDA é especialmente atrativo na divulgação de parâmetros operacionais, visto que tende a ser o mais otimista. O Fluxo de Caixa Operacional pelo método Fleuriet tem recebido grande interesse do meio acadêmico nos últimos anos. Possui grande poder explicativo em modelos de regressão múltipla, mas o seu cálculo envolve a efetuação de alterações nos ativos e passivos operacionais de curto prazo, onde existem ambigüidades de classificação. Talvez por isso seja pouco utilizado pelo meio empresarial. Este trabalho pretende analisar os comportamentos relativos de alguns fluxos de recursos operacionais. / [en] Over the past decades, several evaluation indices have been the targeted for study, the objective being the determination of usefulness and relevance when determining operational performance. Since its substitution by the Cashflow Statement in 1987 in the United States, the Statement of Changes in Financial Position has been gradually phased out in other countries, where the concept of resources has steadily given way to one of cash. Among other reasons, one particular being better informational content and possessing relative comprehension ease. In Brazil, the debate for such change has been occurring for the past several years. EBITDA - Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization, is without a doubt one of the most recognizable operational resource flows in existence. Its calculation can be performed with relative ease from the Profit and Loss Statement and because it is especially optimistic when announcing operational results, EBITDA has gained great acceptance form the entrepreneurial world. The Operational Cashflow obtained by the Fleuriet Method has received great interest from academics over the past years. It possesses great explaining power in multiple regression models, but its calculation involves performing several changes in current assets and liabilities, where classification ambiguities are left to individual discretion. Perhaps this explains its low acceptance in the entrepreneurial world, where ready made indices, recognizable worldwide are demanded. This dissertation will analyze the relative behavior of some better known operational recourse flows.

Project finance is a financing arrangement for projects, and it is characterised by the creation of a legally independent project company financed with non- or limited recourse loans. It is observed that the popularity of project finance is increasing in the recent decades, despite of the impact of Asian financial crisis. Especially in emerging markets, project finance is very common among the public-private partnership projects. It is possible that project finance yields some benefits in project management that other forms of funding are not able to provide. This research aims to explore the impacts of project finance on the risk management of projects, as well as the mechanisms of the effects of various factors on project risk management. The research starts with a quantitative analysis which consists of project data from 32 projects in recent years. The regression analysis on these quantitative data reveals that factors such as the separation of legal entity and existence of third-party guarantees can effectively reduce the borrowing rates of the projects. The borrowing rates, expressed in terms of credit spreads over LIBOR, are regarded as a proxy for the overall risk level of the projects. The qualitative section which involves five structured interviews further explores the relationships of the attributes of project finance on project risk management. The interviewees largely agrees on the effects of the separation of legal entity, non- or limited recourse loans, and the existence of third-party guarantees in managing political and country risks, business risks, and principal-agency risks. The involvement of a larger number of stakeholders in the projects enable the project to enhance its risk management ability by gaining external expertise and knowledge, influences on government policies, and more importantly, closer supervisions on project activities. Apart from revealing the important features of project finance, and the potential benefits it may yield on project risk management, the effectiveness of these features are also discussed. The study also examines the relationships between these features and the common risk factors which may affect all projects. Some recommendations to enhance the benefits of project finance and reduce the associated transaction costs are made based on this study.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamas tarpkultūrinių kompetencijų ugdymas, šio proceso svarba, problemos, aktualumas, įtaka žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymui tarptautinėse įmonėse. Darbe yra supažindinama su tarptautinių įmonių veiklos aplinka, pristatoma tarpkultūrinių kompetencijų samprata, jos elementai, kultūros, žmogiškųjų išteklių vadybos, edukacinės teorijos. Baigiamajame darbe yra parodomos tarpkultūrinių kompetencijų ugdymo tarptautinėse įmonėse sąsajos su šiuolaikinės ekonomikos reiškiniais – globalizacija, darbo jėgos migracija, tarptautinių įmonių plėtra, nacionalinės ir organizacinės kultūros susiliejimu. Praktinėje dalyje pateikiami atlikto tarpkultūrinių kompetencijų ugdymo tarptautinėse įmonėse tyrimo tyrimo rezultatai apie tarptautinėje veikloje reikalingas kompetencijas, kylančias bendravimo su kitataučiais problemas, tarpkultūrinių kompetencijų ugdymo būdus ir pan. Išnagrinėjus teorinę medžiagą, pasaulinę praktiką ir gautus tarpkultūrinių kompetencijų ugdymo tyrimo rezultatus, pateikiami strateginiai sprendimai ir mokslinių tyrimų prioritetai tarpkultūrinėms kompetencijoms ugdyti, tarptautiniu mastu veikiančioms įmonėms. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados. Darbą sudaro: įvadas, nagrinėjamos srities tobulinimo prioritetai, teorijų ir metodikų studija, praktinė (tyriminė) dalis, siūlytini starteginiai sprendimai, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 106 p. teksto be priedų, 36 iliustr., 10 lent., 75 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The importance of intercultural competencies improvement, problems, topicality and the influence for the human resource management of this process in the international companies is the aim this masters‘ work. Here are presented the working environment of international companies, the conception and elements of intercultural competence, cultures‘, human recourse maangements‘ and educations‘ teories. There are shown the links between the improvement of intercultural competencies and the phenomenons of todays economy, such as – globalization, labour force migration, global business expansion, the amalgamation of national anr organizational cultures. The results of the survey about the most necessary intercultural competecies, biggest problems in communication with foreignors, the ways how to improve intercultural competiences and so on. are written in the practical part of masters thesis. After theoretical and practical analysis, there are given the strategic proposals and the advices for the future surveys about the improvement of intercultural competencies in the enterprices working internationally. There are conclusions at the end of the work. Structure: introduction, the development priorities of intercultural competecies, the culture study of theories and methods, practical part, strategic proposals, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 106 p. text without appendixes, 36 pictures, 10 tables, 75 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.