Abstract: - This Master’s Thesis explains the relevancy of sustainable marketing, sustainability, e-commerce, circular economy of recycled paper packaging in the correlation of consumer perception, consumer decision making factors towards recycling and sustainability benefits. Although the paper discusses sustainable marketing in a circular economy aspect potential in regards to recycled paper parcels, the research will mainly focus on the postal carrier company named PostNord based in Nordic countries; the paper will emphasise how the double-sealing recycled paper could increase the number of customers and sustainability ofthe company and consumer perception towards these type of packaging as a parcel. The concept of Sustainability Marketing and Consumer Behaviour has been around for awhile. Since its emergence in the 1980s, the idea has evolved. Much research has been done regarding sustainability marketing, also known as green marketing. As the world is becoming environmentally polluted, many industries propagate it, and consumers need more sustainable products and services. Due to this reason and other respective consumer needs, companiesfrom the manufacturing and service industry have made a strategy to implement short andlong-term to become sustainable companies by becoming carbon-free. Accordingly, postal carrier companies worldwide have developed various sustainable marketing strategies and technological tools to reduce carbon emissions. They simultaneously promote sustainability marketing based on consumer behaviour and perception. The research paper mainly focuses on sustainable marketing, sustainable marketing in the circular economy, and consumer perception and factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention regarding the broad applicability and benefits of double-sealing recycled paperparcels for packaging in the postal service industry. For this particular Master’s thesis paper, the research has taken PostNord as a case study and developed an alternative sustainablemarketing and consumer perspective concerning: Circular economy through the use of recycled paper parcels, organisational resource utilisation, increased current & new customer,consumer perception towards recycled paper parcels, Consumer purchase intention towardsRecycled paper parcels & E-commerce with packaging. The research paper is developed and has referred to various scholarly articles such as Escursell (2021), Kotler (2012) and several other scholars, including yearly sustainability reports of PostNord. The annual sustainability reports of PostNord have mainly focused on increasing its sustainability through technological tools, transportation systems, service and customer relations. This research paper is developed through a cross sectional research method study provided that PostNord is the case study related to using double-sealing recycled paper parcels as an alternative product to its current and potential consumers while increasing their sustainability.

Objective: Nowadays, the increasing pressure pushes companies to behave more environmentally friendly. Indeed, packaging made from recycled fibres can represent an essential advantage for firms in the packaging industry if it is designed in a way that appeals to consumers. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the graphic, structural and informative packaging elements and their effect on consumers’ preferences. Methodology/approach: Purposefully modified packaging designs were sent to the respondents via an online questionnaire using convenience sampling. The research analyses Slovak consumers due to their below-average environmental performance index (EPI) within the Europe. Out of 529 questionnaires collected, 483 responses were further examined and analysed by the chi-square test in SPSS. Findings: Our findings suggest that typography, colour contrast, pattern, image, shape and recyclability claims influence the preference of Slovak consumers. On the other hand, consumers did not prefer a particular layout and certificate. Furthermore, gender and age played a substantial role in the chosen recycled paper-based package, while education did not affect consumers preference in Slovakia. Practical implications: This work provides more in-depth knowledge of specific consumer preferences of packaging elements across different demographic groups, representing a valuable framework for companies’ marketing strategies. Moreover, it can serve as an inspiration for graphic designers for more innovative sustainable packaging solutions. Originality/value: Drawing upon previous research, it is evident that specific solutions for recycled paper-based packaging are lacking. This research provides new knowledge about consumer preferences for individual packaging elements. Thus, it is not only a contribution to the businesses but also a contribution to more sustainable consumption in accordance with Agenda 2030 policies.

Trashures celebrates my debut in the sustainable world and is my public statement of change. It is essentially provocative, informative and educational and serves three major fronts. First, Trashures aims to raise awareness among visual artists. Second, it seeks to introduce and explore the use of agri-pulp papers in Graphic Design, as a viable commercial solution. Third, it culminates in an invitation to visual artists to search for sustainable solutions. Trashures is about transformations. It highlights the transformation of passive materials into active ones, or the transformation of waste into either papers or as subject matter, as a sustainable way to think over waste and consider it as a potential and genuine resource in Graphic Design.

Orientador: Sandra Cristina dos Santos Rocha / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:17:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_MelissaGurgelAdeodato_D.pdf: 15789035 bytes, checksum: a4310c5dbe44a9a8965201da94b3f2d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: o papel ainda desempenha um fator chave na cultura e na difusão da informação apesar dos grandes avanços tecnológicos. Embora seja produzido a partir de um recurso renovável, como é a madeira, existe tecnologia que permite a sua reutilização a partir de fibras recuperadas. A recic1agem do papel permite uma grande redução na quantidade de resíduos sólidos urbanos, evitando a utilização de recursos naturais tais como a madeira e a água, além de diminuir bastante o consumo energético na indústria papeleira. A produção da polpa de celulose é o grande consumidor de energia no processo de fabricação do papel, seguido da secagem do papel, que é o segundo processo neste tipo de indústria que mais consome energia. A secagem é um processo complexo, de grande importância tanto em termos energéticos como também na qualidade do produto final. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como proposta analisar a secagem de polpa de celulose a partir de fibras recuperadas para a fabricação de papel cartão recic1ado. Para tanto, projetou-se um secador convectivo, em escala laboratorial, para a secagem da polpa de papel. Foram determinadas as curvas de secagem em função de diferentes condições operacionais e as isotermas de dessorção do papel pelo método dinâmico. Uma análise da qualidade do produto foi realizada para as diferentes condições, além da análise energética do processo. Paralelamente, fez-se um estudo comparativo entre a secagem natural ao ar livre (utilizada em pequenas produções) e a secagem .por convecção forçada no secador projetado. Complementando o estudo da secagem, analisou-se o encolhimento do papel durante a secagem, relacionando-o com as condições operacionais do processo, as características físicas e a qualidade do produto. O secador desenvolvido neste trabalho mostrou-se adequado para a secagem do papel recic1ado tipo cartão, apresentando uma eficiência energética compatível com a dos secadores utilizados na indútria papeleira (24,53%). Verificou-se que o aumento da temperatura e da velocidade do ar de secagem influencia positivamente no processo, reduzindo significativamente o tempo de secagem. No entanto, a qualidade do papel é inferior nas condições mais dráticas de secagem, obtendo-se um produto final com superfície menos uniforme e mais ressecada. No estudo de encolhimento durante a secagem, assim como na análise da qualidade da superfície (J / Abstract: Even though the great technological advances, the paper still carries out an important role in the culture and in the diffusion of information. Although it is produced by a renewable source, as the wood, technology allowing paper reuse is available. A selective pick up is necessary for the pulp processing from recovered fibers. The paper recycling allows a great reduction of the amount of urban solid residues, avoiding the use of natural sources as wood and water, besides decreasing a lot the energy consumption in the paper industry. The production of the cellulose pulp is the first great energy consumer in the process of paper production, followed by the paper drying process. The drying is a complex process, of great importance, not only in energy terms, but for the quality of the final product. In this context, this work had the objective to analyze the drying of cellulose pulp made from recovered fibers for the production of card type recycled paper. For this, a convective dryer was projected, in laboratorial scale, for the drying of the paper pulp. The drying curves as a function of different operating conditions were analyzed and the paper dessorption isotherms were determined by the dynamic method. An analysis of the product quality was accomplished for different conditions, as well as the process energy consumption evaluation. A comparative study between the natural drying (used in small productions) and the drying by forced convection was also effectuated. To complement the drying analysis, the shrinkage of the paper was evaluated during the drying and related to the operating conditions, physical characteristics and quality of the product. The dryer developed in this work showed to be appropriate for the drying of the recycled card type paper , presenting energy efficiency compatible with dryers used in paper industries (24,53%). It was verified that the increase of the temperature and velocity of the drying air influenced the process reducing the drying time. However, the quality of the paper is poor for severe operating conditions, leading to a less uniform final product, having a very dry surface. In the paper shrinkage study during drying, as well as in the analysis of the surface quality, similar results were gotten for the papers dried at 70 and 80°C. Significant modifications of structural properties and a low quality of the product were verified for the paper dried at 90°C, indicating a limit to the air temperature for the convective drying of the analyzed recycled papeI. The paper dried at 90°C suffered 15% of surface shrinkage and also 40% of linear and volume reduction during the falling rate drying phase. The paper dried under softer operating conditions (66°C; O,22m/s) presented characteristics similar to the paper naturally dried. Thus, a type card recycled paper can be producted with adequate quality using the convective drier, reducing significantly the necessary time for the drying af the paper sheet / Doutorado / Engenharia de Processos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T11:50:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlatavares.pdf: 3229506 bytes, checksum: ef8b27da6d9b2236c083b8955ac78115 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This present study investigates the assimilation of information: "the place for trash is in the trash" through the analysis of reports from three groups of students in the 4th grade of elementary school. For such, craft workshops of recycled paper of the projeto Recicloteca of non-governmental Organization - Ecomarapendi - were transformed in information aggregate and named experimental workshops. This type of approach defines its insertion on Information Science and its social responsibility with knowledge communication, has been woven a conceptual web joining threads of information and environmental education. Although there were barriers of communication, the results of the research show that the information was absorbed by a significant number of children which reveals the coherence and up-to-date-ness of this research in the problematic of solid waste - trash / presente estudo investiga a assimilação da informação: lugar do lixo é no lixo através da análise de depoimentos textuais e gráficos de três grupos de alunos da 4ª série do ensino fundamental. Para isso, foram utilizadas como base as oficinas de reciclagem artesanal de papel do Projeto Recicloteca da ONG Ecomarapendi, transformadas em agregado de informação e denominadas de oficinas experimentais. Esse tipo de abordagem define sua inserção na Ciência da Informação e sua responsabilidade social na comunicação do conhecimento, tendo sido tecido uma rede conceitual unindo fios da informação e da educação ambiental. Além da constatação da presença de barreiras de comunicação, os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a informação foi assimilada por um número significativo de crianças revelando a coerência e atualidade dessa pesquisa na problemática dos resíduos sólidos [lixo].

It is known that the decarbonization of our economy is crucial for our quest to mitigate climate change and build a sustainable society. Governments are reviewing strategies to eliminate, or at least minimize, the release of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. These efforts are not limited to national energy networks, but also extended to industry and other carbon-intensive sectors. In general, the Pulp & Paper industry is regarded as bio-based and relatively sustainable since most of its raw materials are recycled or come from biogenic sources. However, this is an energy-intensive industry, and even though bioenergy covers most of the energy needs at pulp plants, recycled paper mills do not count on the same resources and rely heavily on fossil fuels to power their operations. This study was performed to assess and compare different decarbonization pathways available for a recycled paper mill. For this, operational data was gathered to characterize the thermal and electric demands and assess locally available resources. Simultaneously, scientific literature was consulted to assemble a technology portfolio, from which the most suitable technologies were selected. Carbon capture and storage, electrification, and hydrogen were chosen to be tested, under different scenarios, using an energy modelling software. Finally, the combinations were evaluated and compared. It was found that under ideal conditions it is possible to achieve an emissions reduction of almost 100% via electrification and hydrogen-based options. However, this would represent a significant increase in the operating cost of the energy system and would depend on the development of the necessary infrastructure. The most promising alternative for this site was a combination of electrification and green electricity purchase agreements. However, further work is needed to improve the efficiency of the energy use and generation, to achieve a carbon-neutral operation without incurring elevated costs. / Det är känt att avkarboniseringen av vår ekonomi är avgörande för vår strävan att mildra klimatförändringarna och bygga ett hållbart samhälle. Regeringar ser över strategier för att eliminera, eller åtminstone minimera, utsläpp av koldioxid i atmosfären. Dessa ansträngningar är inte begränsade till nationella energinät, utan sträcker sig även till industrin och andra kolintensiva sektorer. Massa- och pappersindustrin är biobaserad och relativt hållbar eftersom de flesta av dess råvaror återvinns eller kommer från biogena källor. Detta är dock en energiintensiv industri, och även om bioenergin täcker det mesta av energibehovet vid massafabrikerna, räknar inte återvunnet pappersbruk med samma resurser som är starkt beroende av fossila bränslen för att driva sin verksamhet. Denna studie utfördes för att bedöma och jämföra olika avkolningsvägar tillgängliga för ett återvunnet pappersbruk. För detta samlades operativa data in för att karakterisera de termiska och elektriska kraven och bedöma lokalt tillgängliga resurser. Samtidigt konsulterades vetenskaplig litteratur för att sammanställa en teknologiportfölj, från vilken de mest lämpliga teknologierna valdes ut. Kolavskiljning och lagring, elektrifiering och väte valdes ut för att testas, under olika scenarier, med hjälp av en mjukvara för energimodellering. Slutligen utvärderades och jämfördes kombinationerna. Man, fann att det under ideala förhållanden är möjligt att uppnå en utsläppsminskning på nästan 100 % via elektrifiering och vätebaserade alternativ. Detta skulle dock innebära en betydande ökning av driftskostnaden för energisystemet och skulle bero på utvecklingen av den nödvändiga infrastrukturen. Det mest lovande alternativet för denna plats var en kombination av elektrifiering och köp av grön el. Det krävs dock ytterligare arbete för att effektivisera energianvändningen och energiproduktionen, för att uppnå en koldioxidneutral drift utan förhöjda kostnader.

In this study, the hydrolytic kinetics of mixtures of cotton gin waste (CGW) and recycled paper sludge (RPS) at various initial enzyme concentrations of Spezyme AO3117 and Novozymes NS50052 was investigated. The experiments showed that the concentrations of reducing sugars and the conversions of the mixtures increased with increasing initial enzyme concentration. The reducing sugar concentration and conversion of the mixture of 75% CGW and 25% RPS were higher than those of the mixture of 80% CGW and 20% RPS. The conversion of the former could reach 73.8% after a 72-hour hydrolysis at the initial enzyme loading of 17.4 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g substrate. A three-parameter kinetic model with convergent property based on enzyme deactivation and its analytical expression were derived. Using nonlinear regression, the parameters of the model were determined from the experimental data of hydrolytic kinetics of the mixtures. Based on this kinetic model of hydrolysis, two profit rate models, representing two kinds of operating modes with and without substrate recycling, were developed. Using the profit rate models, the optimal enzyme loading and hydrolytic time could be predicted for the maximum profit rate in ethanol production according to the costs of enzyme and operation, enzyme loading, and ethanol market price. Simulated results from the models based on the experimental data of hydrolysis of the mixture of 75% CGW and 25% RPS showed that use of a high substrate concentration and an operating mode with feedstock recycle could greatly increase the profit rate of ethanol production. The results also demonstrated that the hydrolysis at a low enzyme loading was economically required for systematic optimization of ethanol production. The development of profit rate model points out a way to optimize a monotonic function with variables, such as enzyme loading and hydrolytic time for the maximum profit rate. The study also investigated the ethanol production from the steam-exploded mixture of 75 wt% cotton gin waste and 25 wt% recycled paper sludge at various influencing factors, such as enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and severity factor, by a novel operating mode: semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) consisting of a pre-hydrolysis and a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Four cases were studied: 24-hour pre-hydrolysis + 48-hour SSF (SSSF 24), 12-hour pre-hydrolysis + 60-hour SSF (SSSF 12), 72-hour SSF, and 48-hour hydrolysis + 12-hour fermentation (SHF). SSSF 24 produced higher ethanol concentration, yield, and productivity than the other operating modes. The higher temperature of steam explosion favored of ethanol production, but the higher initial enzyme concentration could not increase the final ethanol concentration though the hydrolytic rate of the substrate was increased. A mathematical model of SSSF, which consisted of an enzymatic hydrolysis model and a SSF model including four ordinary differential equations that describe the changes of cellobiose, glucose, microorganism, and ethanol concentrations with respect to residence time, was developed, and was used to simulate the data for the four components in the SSSF processes of ethanol production from the mixture. The model parameters were determined by a MATLAB program based on the batch experimental data of the SSSF. The analysis to the reaction rates of cellobiose, glucose, cell, and ethanol using the model and the parameters from the experiments showed that the conversion of cellulose to cellobiose was a rate-controlling step in the SSSF process of ethanol production from cellulose. / Ph. D.

A través del presente trabajo de investigación, buscamos sustentar la deseabilidad, viabilidad y rentabilidad del Modelo de Negocio de Innobag Perú, que tiene como objetivo la distribución gratuita de bolsas de papel reciclado con publicidad impresa a bodegas, mini-markets y puestos de mercado en Lima Metropolitana. Innobag Perú busca contribuir con la reducción en el consumo de bolsas plásticas, atacando y aprovechando uno de los principales momentos de uso, generando ahorros en los establecimientos e incrementando la atractividad de nuestro producto. Completamos nuestra propuesta de valor, convirtiendo estas bolsas de papel reciclado en un medio para que las empresas anunciantes publiciten su marca de manera efectiva y directa en un momento de alto uso asegurando la viabilidad de nuestro modelo de negocio. A través de un sondeo realizado entre consumidores, administradores de bodegas, mini-markets y puesto de mercado; y decisores de inversión en publicidad de empresas anunciantes, hemos logrado validar la deseabilidad de nuestro modelo de negocio. Nuestro análisis económico financiero, nos ha permitido validar la rentabilidad del modelo, esperando un VAN de S/ 114,202 y una TIR de 81.26%. / Through this research work, we seek to support the desirability, feasibility and profitability of the Innobag Peru Business Model, which aims to distribute free recycled paper bags with printed advertising to grocery stores, mini-markets and market stalls in Lima. Innobag Peru seeks to contribute to the reduction in the consumption of plastic bags taking advantage of one of the main moments of its use, generating savings for the owners of these establishments and increasing the attractiveness of our product. We complete our value proposition by turning these recycled paper bags into a mean for companies to advertise their brand effectively and directly at a time of high use, ensuring the viability of our business model. Through our market research conducted among consumers, decision makers of investment in advertising as well as managers of grocery stores, mini-markets and market stalls, we have validated the desirability of our business model. Our financial and economic analysis allowed us to validate the profitability of the model, expecting an NPV of S / 114,202 and an IRR of 81.26%. / Trabajo de investigación