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This thesis assessed the readability of CRT displays viewed under ambient lighting conditions and then evaluated the findings with respect to the ISO 9241-7 standard. More specifically, two phases of work were conducted in this thesis. In Phase 1, seven monitors were evaluated photometrically according to the ISO 9241-7 standard to determine whether they were Class I, II, or III in positive and negative polarity. Additionally, six filters were attached to each of the monitors and their ISO Class also was assessed. All monitor/filter combinations yielded either Class I or II in positive polarity and Class II, III or failed in negative polarity. In Phase 2, fourteen participants were asked to read Tinker passages from seven display/filter combinations (tested in Phase 1) under five lighting conditions and two screen polarities. The purpose of the Phase 2 was to determine if people perform differently for Class I, II, or III monitor/filter combinations. The dependent measures were the time to read the Tinker passage (reading time) and the ability to identify the out of context word in each passage (accuracy). An Analysis of Variance was used to determine the significant effects of reading time and accuracy. The ANOVA results indicate that specular glare interferes significantly more with reading time than does diffuse glare. Diffuse (200 lux) and Specular reading times also were correlated against two ISO metrics: screen image luminance ratio (Diffuse, 200 lux) and specular reflection luminance ratio. Reading times did not correlate with the screen image luminance ratio, but they did correlate with one of the ISO specular reflection luminance ratios. The results of this thesis indicate that the ISO standard should not equally weight the screen image and the specular reflection luminance ratios. Additionally, the results indicate that it is not necessary to have separate ISO Classes for positive and negative polarity. Furthermore, people did not read differently for Class I, II, or III monitor/filter combinations. Finally, the data of this investigation provide an initial human factors database for use in assessing the validity of ISO 9241-7. / Master of Science

No / Image gradients - smooth changes in color and luminance - may be caused by intrinsic surface reflectance properties or extrinsic illumination phenomena, including shading, shadowing, and inter-reflections. In turn, image gradients may provide the visual system with information concerning the origin of these factors, such as the orientation of surfaces with respect to the light source. Color gradients induced by mutual illumination (MI) may play a similar role to that of luminance gradients in shape-from-shading algorithms; it has been shown that 3D shape perception modulates the influence of MI on surface color perception (M. G. Bloj, D. Kersten, & A. C. Hurlbert, 1999). In this study, we assess human sensitivity to changes in color and luminance gradients that arise from changes in the light source position, within a complex scene. In Experiment 1, we tested whether observers were able to discriminate between gradients due to different light source positions. We found that observers reliably detected a change in the gradient information when the light source position differed by only 4 deg from the reference scene. This sensitivity was mainly based on the luminance information in the gradient (Experiments 2 and 3). Some observers make use of the spatial distribution of chromaticity and luminance values within gradients when discriminating between them (Experiment 4). The high sensitivity to gradient differences supports the notion that gradients contain information that may assist in the recovery of 3D shape and scene configuration properties.

The Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin is estimated to have significant amount of technically recoverable oil and gas. The objective of this study is to identify differences in the character of the seismic response to Bakken interval between locations with high and poor production rates. The predicted seismic responses of the Bakken Formation will hopefully help achieve such discrimination from surface seismic recordings. In this study, borehole data of Bakken wells from both the Cottonwood and the Sanish Field were analyzed, including density information and seismic P and S wave velocities from Sonic Scanner logs. The Bakken Formation is deeper and thicker (and somewhat more productive) in the Sanish Field and is shallower and thinner in the Cottonwood Field. The Upper and Lower Bakken shale units are similar and can be characterized by low density, low P and S wave velocities and low Vp/Vs ratios. The Sonic Scanner data suggest that the Upper and Lower Bakken shales can be treated as VTI media while the Middle Bakken may be considered as seismically isotropic. Models of seismic response for both fields were constructed, including isotropic models and models with variations in VTI, HTI, and the combination of VTI and HTI in the Bakken intervals. Full offset elastic synthetic seismograms with a vertical point source were generated to simulate the seismic responses of the various models of Bakken Formation. This sensitivity study shows pronounced differences in the seismic reflection response between isotropic and anisotropic models. P-P, P-SV and SV-SV respond differently to anisotropy. VTI anisotropy and HTI anisotropy of the Bakken have different character. In particular, types of seismic data (P-P, P-SV, and SV-SV) and the range of source-receiver offsets that are most sensitive to variations in anisotropic parameters and fluid saturation were identified. Results suggest that bed thickness, anisotropy of the Upper and Lower Bakken shales, fractures/cracks and fluid fill in the fracture/cracks all influence the seismic responses of the Bakken Formation. The paucity of data available for “poorly” producing wells limited the evaluation of the direct seismic response to productivity, but sensitivity to potentially useful parameters was established. / text

No description available.

Four strangers are stranded in an old farmhouse by a winter storm. Gilley lives on the farm. Shadows move of their own volition on the farm, and Gilley talks to echoes and sees the dead reflected in mirrors. Gilley's husband, Frank, disappeared over forty years ago. Jason is a college student who seeks Gilley out for an interview. He agrees to help Gilley find Frank. Jesse is a young boy who finds his way to the house after an accident. August is a private investigator whom Jason calls for help in finding Frank. August does not have a shadow nor a reflection of his own, and he can't remember how he lost them. Each wants something that only the others can provide, but each wants to keep their own secrets.

Zeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicates with well-defined cavities or channels of molecular dimensions. They are widely used for applications such as gas adsorption, gas storage, ion exchange and catalysis. The size of the pore opening allows zeolites to be categorized into small, medium, large and extra-large pore zeolites. A typical zeolite is the small pore silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34, which is an important catalyst in the MTO (methanol-to-olefin) process. The properties of zeolite catalysts are determined mainly by their structures, and it is therefore important to know the structures of these materials in order to understand their properties and explore new applications. Single crystal X-ray diffraction has been the main technique used to determine the structures of unknown crystalline materials such as zeolites. This technique, however, can be used only if crystals larger than several micrometres are available. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is an alternative technique to determine the structures if only small crystals are available. However, peak overlap, poor crystallinity and the presence of impurities hinder the solution of structures from PXRD data. Electron crystallography can overcome these problems. We have developed a new method, which we have called “rotation electron diffraction” (RED), for the automated collection and processing of three-dimensional electron diffraction data. This thesis describes how the RED method has been applied to determine the structures of several zeolites and zeolite-related materials. These include two interlayer expanded silicates (COE-3 and COE-4), a new layered zeolitic fluoroaluminophosphate (EMM-9), a new borosilicate (EMM-26), and an aluminosilicate (ZSM-25). We have developed a new approach based on strong reflections, and used it to determine the structure of ZSM-25, and to predict the structures of a series of complex zeolites in the RHO family. We propose a new structural principle that describes a series of structurally related zeolites known as “embedded isoreticular zeolite structures”, which have expanding unit cells. The thesis also summarizes several common structural features of zeolites in the Database of Zeolite Structures. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

[pt] Tratar de tema tão relevante como a dimensão constitucional do tribunal do júri, com o fito de, em última instância, mostrar a razão por que se enquadra dentre os direitos fundamentais não é tarefa das mais singelas. É cediço que os direitos fundamentais decorrem de conquistas históricas que devem ser bem compreendidas e valoradas. São características principais dos direitos fundamentais a historicidade, a inalienabilidade, a indisponibilidade, a indivisibilidade e a imprescritibilidade. Não por outra razão, os direitos fundamentais são reputados os direitos básicos de uma sociedade que viva sob a égide do Estado Democrático de Direito, como, à guisa de exemplo, os direitos à vida, à liberdade, à propriedade, ao meio ambiente, à saúde, à educação, à cultura. Neste viés, busca-se, nesta dissertação, resgatar a evolução histórica do tribunal do júri até seu estádio atual, inserido na Constituição Federal de 1988 — a Carta Cidadã —, onde se encontra inserido como garantia fundamental do cidadão. Sem embargo das críticas lançadas contra os julgamentos populares, por decorrência do influxo da cultura positivista-normativa, é certo afirmar que essa instituição resistiu a todos os regimes ditatoriais e subsiste até os dias atuais, sendo o maior exemplo de arena na qual os princípios da ampla defesa e contraditório e da amplitude de defesa são exercitados à exaustão. / [en] Addressing a topic as relevant as the dimension of the constitutional jury trial, aiming, as final instance to show the reason why it falls among the fundamental rights is not the simplest task. It s evident that fundamental rights are the result of historical achievements that must be understood and valued. Its historicity, inalienability, non-availability, indivisibility and imprescriptibility, are the main features of fundamental rights. For no other reason, fundamental rights are deemed basic rights of a society living under the aegis of a democratic state, as, by way of example, the rights to life, liberty, property, environment, health, education, culture. In this way, we seek to, in this work, to rescue the historical evolution of the jury to its current stage, inserted in the Constitution of 1988 - the Citizen Charter - where it is included as a fundamental guarantee of the citizen. Notwithstanding from the criticisms launched against the popular judgments, due to the influence of the positivist-normative culture, it is right to say that this institution has resisted all dictatorial regimes and continues until the present day, being the greatest example of arena in which the principles of contradictory and full defense and range of protection are exercised to exhaustion.

Esta tese de doutorado divide-se em duas partes principais. A primeira delas debruça-se sobre as reflexões metadiscursivas presentes no discurso Antídose de Isócrates. O estudo se volta para passagens da obra em que o autor discorre sobre aspectos centrais de sua prosa, apoiando-se também em outros excertos do corpus isocrático em que essas reflexões também ocorrem. Desses aspectos, destacam-se, principalmente, as definições de gêneros discursivos empregados e os diversos expedientes retóricos adotados por Isócrates no decorrer da obra para construir seu thos perante sua audiência. Por fim, na segunda parte da tese, segue-se a primeira tradução integral do Antídose em Língua Portuguesa. / This doctoral thesis is divided in two main parts. The first one focuses on the metadiscoursive reflections found in the speech Antidosis of Isocrates. The study turns to passages of the work in which the author discusses key aspects of his prose, leaning on other excerpts from the isocratic corpus in which these considerations also occur. Of these aspects, we highlight mainly the definitions of discoursive genres used and the several rhetorical expedients adopted by Isocrates in the course of the speech to build his thos before his audience. Finally, in the second part of the thesis, there is the first complete translation of Antidosis into Portuguese.

Esta tese de doutorado divide-se em duas partes principais. A primeira delas debruça-se sobre as reflexões metadiscursivas presentes no discurso Antídose de Isócrates. O estudo se volta para passagens da obra em que o autor discorre sobre aspectos centrais de sua prosa, apoiando-se também em outros excertos do corpus isocrático em que essas reflexões também ocorrem. Desses aspectos, destacam-se, principalmente, as definições de gêneros discursivos empregados e os diversos expedientes retóricos adotados por Isócrates no decorrer da obra para construir seu thos perante sua audiência. Por fim, na segunda parte da tese, segue-se a primeira tradução integral do Antídose em Língua Portuguesa. / This doctoral thesis is divided in two main parts. The first one focuses on the metadiscoursive reflections found in the speech Antidosis of Isocrates. The study turns to passages of the work in which the author discusses key aspects of his prose, leaning on other excerpts from the isocratic corpus in which these considerations also occur. Of these aspects, we highlight mainly the definitions of discoursive genres used and the several rhetorical expedients adopted by Isocrates in the course of the speech to build his thos before his audience. Finally, in the second part of the thesis, there is the first complete translation of Antidosis into Portuguese.