Abstrakt Denna uppsats handlar om bild och visuellt lärande i matematiken på förskolan. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka pedagogers föreställningar om hur pedagoger kan konkretisera matematik för förskolebarn med hjälp av visuellt lärande och bildskapande aktiviteter samt hur barnen uppfattar dessa aktiviteter. Genom observationer av bildskapande aktiviteter och kvalitativa intervjuer undersöker jag hur pedagogerna och barnen förhåller sig till bild och visuellt lärande i matematiken. I min litteraturgenomgång redogör jag för tidigare forskning som är relevant för min undersökning. Undersökningen visar att pedagogerna arbetar med bild och visuellt lärande i matematiken på olika sätt och att de har olika uppfattning om begreppet bild. Resultatet visar vikten av bild och visuellt lärande i matematikundervisningen när det gäller barns utveckling och lärande. Utifrån resultatet anser jag att pedagogerna har kunskap om visuellt lärande och använder sig av det i matematiken inlärningen medvetet. Resultatet av intervju med barnen visar också föreställningar och uppfattningar om bild och visuellt lärande i matematiken. Genom leken tar barnen till sig matematiken genom olika övningar i form av mönster (färger), räkna vardagsföremål. / AbstractThis paper deals with image and visual learning in mathematics at the preschool. The purpose of this study is to investigate teachers' beliefs about how teachers can concretize mathematics for preschool children using visual learning and image-building activities and how children perceive these activities. Through observation of image building activities and qualitative interviews, I investigate how teachers and children relate to image and visual learning in mathematics. In my literature review, I describe previous research that is relevant to my investigation. The survey shows that the educators working with images and visual learning in mathematics in different ways and have different ideas about the concept of image. The results show the importance of image and visual learning in mathematics education in child development and learning. Based on the results, I believe that educators have knowledge of visual learning and use it in mathematics learning consciously. The results of the interviews with the children also show beliefs and perceptions of image and visual learning in mathematics. Through play, children take to the mathematics through various exercises in the form of patterns (colors), count everyday objects.

Cette thèse a consisté à développer une nouvelle stratégie analytique en utilisant le couplage chromatographie liquide - spectrométrie de masse (LC-MSn) afin d’identifier dans les huiles et corps gras, les triglycérides (TAGs) et leur régio-spécificité. Cette méthodologie analytique générale a été appliquée à 8 huiles de graine de résineux en particulier, à l’huile de pignon de Pinus Koraiensis car ses TAGs sont constitués d’acides gras, possédant une double liaison en position Δ5, non-méthylène alternée, susceptibles de jouer un rôle anti-cholestérol chez l’homme.La thèse se décompose en quatre chapitres: les deux premiers, bibliographiques, traitent respectivement de la taxonomie des 8 résineux étudiés, de la composition en acide gras (AG) de leur graine et des techniques analytiques déjà décrites pour caractériser les TAGs. Le troisième chapitre, expérimental, est dédié au développement de nouvelles stratégies analytiques NARP-LC-MSn mises en place pour identifier les TAGs présents dans les huiles et plus particulièrement à l’huile de pignon de Pinus Koraiensis. Grâce à l’ajout post colonne de sel d’argent, il a été possible de déterminer de manière non ambigüe la structure de tous les TAGs d’un lipide, même ceux présents en faible quantité, par Ag+-NARP-LC-MS mais aussi de déterminer la structure de chaque AG constitutif d’un TAG par fragmentation de l’adduit moléculaire par Ag+-NARP-LC-MS2. Le problème de la distinction des TAGs ayant la même masse moléculaire, les mêmes longueurs de chaine mais des positions de double liaisons différentes, a été résolu en développant une méthode d’identification des TAGs à partir des lois de rétention chromatographiques qui relient linéairement le logarithme du facteur de rétention de chaque TAG soit au nombre total de carbone soit au nombre total de double liaisons. Cette étude a permis d’identifier 22 nouveaux TAGs parmi un nombre total de 58 TAGs caractérisés. Elle a amené la preuve que le résidu AG saturé à 17 atomes de carbone est ramifié et non linéaire. Elle a mis en évidence la présence de trois AGs constitutifs qui n’ont jamais été décrit: 19:1, 19:2 et 24:0 dans l’huile de pignon de Pinus Koraiensis. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur le développement de trois méthodes de détermination de la régiospécificité des TAGs, grâce à la seule SM: (1) une méthode Ag+-NARP-LC-ESI-MS2 utilisant les rapports des ions diglycériques des TAGs. Il en ressort que cette méthode n’est pas assez fiable pour déterminer la structure des TAGs. (2) la seconde méthode fait appel à des expériences MS4/ MS5 sur les adduits argent des TAGs. Elle s’avère pertinente à condition d’avoir à disposition les couples de TAGs standards. (3) enfin une troisième méthode, utilisant la MS2, s’appuie sur le principe de la méthode de dissociation compétitive d’une paire [TAGref – Li -TAG]+. En utilisant la méthode des ajouts dosés il est montré qu’elle ne nécessite que de la disponibilité d’un seul des deux TAGs stéréoisomères comme standard.Ces méthodes originales ont permis, malgré leurs limites respectives de caractériser la régiospécificité d’un certain nombre de TAGs présents dans l’huile de graine de Pinus Koraiensis. / This thesis consisted of developing a new analytical strategy using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) to identify in oils and fats, triglycerides (TAGs) and their regio-specificity. The general analytical methodology was applied to 8 conifers seed oils, in particular, the seed oil of Pinus koraiensis. These conifer seed oils differ from common edible vegetable oils by having a series of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids (UPIFA) with a polymethylene-interrupted (PMI) double bond system and a double bond at the 5 position which may have anti-cholesterol properties. This thesis is composed of four chapters: the two first chapters, literature review, are devoted respectively to TAGs of the 8 resinous seed oils studied and analytical techniques already used. The third chapter is dedicated to the development of a new analytical strategy combining HPLC with mass spectrometry method to identify TAGs in Pinus Koraiensis seed oil. Thanks to post column addition of silver salt, it was possible to determine the TAGs present by Ag+-NARP-LC-MS and also the fatty acids composition of the TAGs by Ag+-NARP-LC-MS2. Concerning the distinction between TAGs with the same mass, same chain length but differing positions of double bond on fatty acid chain, it was determined by chromatographic retention rules which link linearly the logarithm of retention factor of each TAG to the total carbon number or the total number of double bonds. This study has identified 22 new TAGs from a total of 58 TAGs characterized. It confirmed the knowledge that the saturated fatty acid with 17 carbon atoms is branched, not linear. It highlighted the presence of three constituent fatty acids that have never been described: 19:1, 19:2 and 24:0 in the seed oil of Pinus koraiensis. The last experimental part is devoted to the regiospecificity determination of TAGs. Three methodologies were developed. The first one used the ratios of diacylglycerol ions of TAGs but was not reliable enough. The second method used the LC-MS4 experiments (It is relevant if they have available couples of TAG standards). Finally, a third method, using MS2, based on the principle of the method of competitive dissociation of a pair [TAGref - Li-TAG] +. Using the method of standard additions it has been shown that it requires the availability of one of the two stereoisomers TAGs as a standard.These methods provide a significantly different approach to regioisomer characterization of TAGs and overcome most of the shortcomings of existing methodologies.

This report mainly discusses the development of the cysteine based PNA (CPNA), which is an analogue of PNAs. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA), a pseudopeptide DNA mimic, was discovered by Nielsen and his coworker in 1991. PNA is proved to sequence-specifically form a very stable duplex with complementary DNA and RNA strands through Watson-Crick base paring, and it is also capable of binding to duplex DNA by helix invasion. These intriguing properties of PNA implicated great potential for medical and biotechnical applications. Therefore, PNA has attracted many scientists in the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine including drug discovery and genetic diagnostics, molecular recognition. Due to its acyclic, achiral and neutral nature of the backbone, PNA has shown problems such as its poor aqueous solubility, poor cell permeability and instability of PNA-DNA duplexes and triplexes. Accordingly, many synthetic approaches have been directed toward developing modified backbones of PNA. Among those PNA analogs, only few examples including lysine-based monomers, guanidine-based peptide nucleic acids (GPNA) and the aminoethylprolyl PNA (aep-PNA) showed noticeable enhancements with regards to the daunting challenges mentioned above. Reported herein is the summary of our research endeavor to develop the CPNA oligomers with the great water-solubility and cell permeability. Chapter one briefly summarizs the background and history of the PNA as the front-runner of the antisense therapeutic agents. Chapter two discusses the novel protocols that enabled synthesis of the various versions of CPNA monomers for both Fmoc and Boc solid phase synthesis strategies. Chapter three includes the experimental procedures for solution phase preparation of the CPNA monomers. Chapter four starts with the introduction of solid phase synthesis strategy. After the brief review, our efforts on solid phase based synthesis of CPNA oligomers are discussed. Detailed procedures for the solid phase synthesis are summarized in Chapter five. Disclosed In the final chapter is a methodology which enables regioselective mono-acylation of hydrazines. Remarkably, this new protocol gives the mono-acylation on the less-reactive nitrogens of the hydrazines. Carbon disulfide takes the key role for this unique transformation. At the end of the dissertaion, selected NMR and Mass spectra are attached.

Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Pädag. Hochsch., Diss., 1999.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIELA dissertacao REVISADA FINAL.pdf: 962796 bytes, checksum: e0190a983df66b5ff21e810b793fabc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / This study aims at investigating the behavior of diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and in Spanish from the Prata River region, under the synchronic and diachronic approaches. To develop the diachronic research, it was used bibliographic material, in which was taken the corpus consisted of data related to the historical path of diphthongs from Latin to BP and Spanish from the Prata River region. To discuss the functioning of diphthongs in the current dimension of the two languages, it was constituted two corpora taken from television programs (two from Brazil and two from Uruguay, being one from newscast and the other from an interview program for each country). The data relating to synchronous functioning have been heard, phonetically transcribed, and eventually analyzed. The results indicate the specificity of each language systems related to the behavior of vowel sequences, with prevalence of decreasing diphthongs in BP and rising diphthongs in Spanish from the Prata River region, which can be explained by the diachrony. It was also identified, as a characteristic of the BP system, the variation between the vowel sequence [ej] and the vowel [e] before rhotic consonant. The research was supported by the Stochastic Optimality Theory (Boersma & Hayes, 2001) / O presente estudo visa à investigação do comportamento dos ditongos no Português Brasileiro (PB) e no Espanhol do Prata (EP), sob os enfoques sincrônico e diacrônico. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa de base diacrônica, utilizou-se material bibliográfico, do qual se retirou o corpus constituído pelos dados relativos ao percurso histórico dos ditongos desde o Latim até o EP e o PB. Para a discussão do funcionamento dos ditongos na dimensão atual das duas línguas, foram constituídos dois corpora retirados de programas televisivos (dois do Brasil e dois do Uruguai, sendo um telejornal e um programa de entrevistas de cada país). Os dados referentes ao funcionamento sincrônico foram ouvidos e transcritos foneticamente e, por fim, analisados. Os resultados apontaram a especificidade de cada um dos sistemas linguísticos relativamente ao comportamento de sequências vocálicas, com a prevalência de ditongos decrescentes no PB e de ditongos crescentes no EP, o que pode ser explicado pela diacronia; também foi identificada, como particularidade do sistema do PB, a variação entre a sequência vocálica [ej] e a vogal [e] diante de consoante rótica. A pesquisa teve como suporte a Teoria da Otimidade Estocástica (Boersma & Hayes, 2001)

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-18T17:48:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Dr_ Ademir_versão_final.pdf: 3702988 bytes, checksum: eb2236ff9ca649ee1fb4cb295cf4f196 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T17:48:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Dr_ Ademir_versão_final.pdf: 3702988 bytes, checksum: eb2236ff9ca649ee1fb4cb295cf4f196 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / CAPES / Este estudo analisa os impactos econômicos das intervenções do “Programa Estradeiro” (2003- 2010) decorrentes das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP's) entre várias associações de produtores rurais e 49 municípios junto ao estado de Mato Grosso (Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil) visando à pavimentação de 2529 quilômetros de rodovias. Utilizando uma estratégia econométrica que usa conjuntamente os métodos Propensity Score Matching (PSM) e Difference-in-Difference (DiD), analisa-se o impacto do aumento dos investimentos em infraestrutura rodoviária, ao longo do período de 2001 a 2012, sobre o crescimento econômico dos municípios mato-grossensesque participaram do Programa Estradeiro em relação àqueles que não sofreram a intervenção, a partir da análise do impacto sobre os seguintes indicadores econômico-produtivos: PIB per capita, PIB real; PIB agropecuário; PIB industrial; PIB serviços-comércio; e Total de produção de soja. Esta última variável entrou na análise devido ao fato de que foi com a renda originaria desta produção que os produtores rurais financiaram as suas cotas de participação nas PPP's que financiaram o Programa Estradeiro, daí a alcunha de “PPP's Caipiras” ao programa. A partir de pré-testes de validação dos métodos e da base de dados, as estimações geram resultados que trazem evidências empíricas de que: (i) “os investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte afetam positivamente e com alta intensidade a dinâmica de crescimento econômico de uma região periférica”; (ii) “os investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte, nos moldes que atualmente ocorrem, geram transbordamentos econômicos restritos (concentrados) em uma região periférica”; (iii) “os investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte, nos moldes que ocorrem, não desencadeiam um processo consistente de alteração da dinâmica socioprodutiva de uma região periférica”. A evidência ‘i’, e em menor dimensão ‘ii’ e ‘iii’, além dos efeitos diretos das pavimentações do Programa Estradeiro, são consequências de condições socioeconômicas relevantes sendo satisfeitas que, em princípio, se revelaram diante dos seguintes mecanismos-chave de manifestação: (1) Ter a economia fortemente alavancada no mercado externo, e a demanda externa por seus produtos-chave se manter firme (ou crescente); (2) Estar em um ciclo de expansão econômica com expectativas de rentabilidades positivas para a maioria das atividades econômicas, o que potencializa os efeitos dos investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte; (3) Estar o volume de crédito em nível adequado (ou em expansão) às necessidades dos negócios e com taxas de juros em patamares atrativos (ou em redução) aos financiamentos; (4) Deter intrarregionalmente maior população média (e maior concentração urbana), faz com que o maior estoque de capital humano exerça, em princípio, efeito catalizador de investimentos de firmas e de migração de trabalhadores. Os vários testes de pós-estimações conferiram maior confiabilidade às estimativas e aos resultados, os quais se mostraram robustos. / This study analyzes the economic impact of interventions "Estradeiro Program" (2003-2010) resulting from Public-Private Partnerships (PPP's) between various associations of farmers and 49 municipalities with the state of Mato Grosso (Midwest Region of Brazil) aimed at paving 2529 km of highways. Using an econometric strategy together using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Difference (DiD) methods, analyzes the impact of increased investment in road infrastructure, over the period 2001 to 2012 on growth economic development of Mato Grosso municipalities participating in the Estradeiro Program than those who did not undergo intervention, from the impact analysis on the following economicproduction indicators: GDP Per capita, Real GDP; Agricultural GDP; Industrial GDP; Commerce-services GDP; and Soybean Production in Total. The latter variable entered in the analysis due to the fact that it originated with the income from the production that farmers financed their quotas of participation in PPP's that financed the Estradeiro Program, hence the sobriquet "PPP's Grits" to the program.From pre-test validation of methods and database, the estimates produce results that bring empirical evidence that: (i) "transport infrastructure investments affect positively and strongly the dynamics of economic growth of a peripheral region "; (ii) "investment in transport infrastructure, similar to that currently occur, they generate limited economic spillovers(concentrated) in a peripheral region"; (iii) "investments in transportation infrastructure, the lines that occur do not lead a consistent process of changingsocial-productive dynamics in a peripheral region". Evidence 'i' and smaller 'ii' and 'iii', in addition to the direct effects of dissolution of Estradeiro Program are relevant consequences of socioeconomic conditions being satisfied that, in principle, have been shown in the following key mechanisms demonstration:(1) Have the economy heavily leveraged in foreign markets, and foreign demand for its key products stand firm (or high); (2) Be on an economic expansion cycle with expectations of positive returns for most economic activities, which potentiates the effects of investment in transport infrastructure; (3) Be the volume of credit at appropriate level (or expanding) to business needs and with interest rates at attractive levels (or reduction) to finance; (4) Detainintra regionally highest average population (and largest urban concentration), causes the greatest stock of human capital engaged in principle catalytic effect of investment firms and labor migration. The various post-estimation test gave more reliable the estimates and results, which are robust.

Nella seconda metà del Settecento Milano diventò un centro di riferimento per la scenografia a livello internazionale. La tesi studia l’evoluzione della spettacolarità e della scenografia in un periodo cruciale per la città (1765-1792) prendendo in esame non solo il teatro, ma anche gli aspetti connessi agli eventi festivi legati al potere. La ricerca è basata primariamente sulle fonti iconografiche, soprattutto disegni e incisioni, reperite negli archivi milanesi e nazionali; l’analisi di libretti, relazioni, periodici e altra documentazione ha inoltre offerto altri elementi utili alla delineazione dello scenario culturale di riferimento. In primo luogo, si prendono in esame eventi dinastici, quali i festeggiamenti nuziali, i passaggi e gli ingressi dei sovrani, le feste per nascita e le esequie. Sono inoltre considerati gli sviluppi della scenografia milanese prima al Regio Ducal Teatro e poi al Teatro alla Scala, con particolare riguardo all’opera di personalità di primo piano come i fratelli Galliari e Pietro Gonzaga. Ne emerge un quadro complesso che aspira a ricostruire la trama di rapporti che legano la scenografia all’universo della rappresentazione nella Milano del XVIII secolo. / In the second half of the 18th century Milan became a very influent centre for the art of stage designing. This PhD thesis seeks to investigate the developments of the visual aspects of theatricality in a crucial period (1765-1792) for Milan. This study is based on iconographic sources, namely engravings and drawings. The analysis focuses on public and political events (wedding festivals, state funerals and royal entries) and, at the same time, on theatre. The research considers the development of stage design at the Regio Ducal Teatro and the Teatro alla Scala. It concentrates on the works of the most important scene-painters of the period: the brothers Fabrizio and Bernardino Galliari and Pietro Gonzaga. As a result, the study provides an analysis of the several components of visual representation and their features.

This thesis examines Charles V's inability to take decisive military action against the Protestant threat in Germany before 1546. It treats modern historiography on Charles V in Germany. The thesis offers a new theory concerning religious motivation for the delay. Charles was a man of deep and devoted faith in the Catholic Church and consequently, was unable to accept the possibility that any individual would doubt or abandon that persuasion without calculated intention or gross error. Charles was influenced by the Humanistic cries for reform in his age. As a result, Charles, a strong advocate for reform, declined military action before a meaningful outlet to address reforms and air grievances could be convened. But Charles was influenced by tradition, particularly the universality of faith and political unity of Christendom that could save the Church from the heretic and the Turk. Charles also felt himself personally responsible to avoid all conflicts that might endanger unity by creating a schism within Christendom. The evidence will be drawn both from the emperor's own words and deeds derived from primary source material and personal correspondence of Charles V between himself and those persons most likely have intimate knowledge of Charles's own thoughts. These include his personal advisors, Gattinara and Granvelle, and family members: Philip, his son, Mary, his sister, and Ferdinand, his brother. The unpublicized and private correspondence is less likely to be tainted by rhetoric and propaganda than are public declarations and correspondence. Instances not covered by these will be based on an interpretation of Charles's deeds. This thesis will therefore establish Charles's decisions regarding the Protestants in the context of his own convictions.

The aim of my thesis on the topic „Regional and structural EU policy – economic and legislative aspect“ is a description of all important aspects of Regional policy EU and the performance of regional policy in the context of a specific project.