Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Leigh W. Murray / The term retrospective power describes methods for estimating the true power of a test after data have been collected. These methods have been recommended by some authors when null hypothesis of a test cannot be rejected. This report uses simulations to study power as a construct of an observed effect, variance, sample size, and set level of significance under the balanced one-way analysis of variance model for normally distributed populations with constant variance. Retrospective power, as a construct of sample data, is not recommended when the null hypothesis of a test cannot be rejected. When the p-value of the test is large, estimates for true power tend to fall below the 0.80 level and width-minimized confidence limits for true power tend to be wide.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera Forestal / Este trabajo tiene como finalidad el análisis de las causales de reprobación de proyectos mineros presentados al Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental en un periodo de 10 años. Clasifica estos factores y/o causales en cinco componentes ambientales: Suelo, Recursos hídricos, Aire, Flora y Fauna. y los contrapone a otras características de los proyectos, como ubicación, producto minero, inversión, entre otras, a fin de hacer un análisis de ellos de manera descriptiva, se propone también una lista de normativas ambientales aplicables a proyectos mineros a fin de que al titular se le haga más expedita la tramitación de Estudios y/o Declaraciones de impacto ambiental en el área. Finalmente se concluye que la normativa ambiental en Chile es aún insuficiente, demostrando que la minería es una actividad que, mirada desde un punto de vista amplio, deteriora poco a poco los ecosistemas desde un punto de vista ecológico y también social. / This work has the purpose of analyzing the causes of reprobation of mining projects presented to the Environmental Assessment Service in a period of 10 years. It classifies these factors and / or causes into five environmental components: Soil, Water Resources, Air, Flora and Fauna. And contrasts them to other characteristics of the projects, such as location, mining product, investment, among others, in order to analyze them in a descriptive way, it is also proposed a list of environmental regulations applicable to mining projects, so that Holder will be made expedite the processing of Studies and / or Declarations of environmental impact in the area. Finally, it is concluded that the environmental regulations in Chile are still insufficient, demonstrating that mining is an activity that, viewed from a broad point of view, gradually deteriorates ecosystems from an ecological and social point of view.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-01-18T14:28:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 5375250 bytes, checksum: d10017173e98e4382e54b9c7b5c32085 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T14:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 5375250 bytes, checksum: d10017173e98e4382e54b9c7b5c32085 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation has as object to show the Hermeticism not only as an ancient philosophical movement, but as a current of thought that breaks with the classical Greek rationality, directing him to a religious philosophical view, or a philosophical religiosity through a unification of the philosophical doctrines and Greco-Egyptian religious. The philosophical problems of theoretical are opposed to the problems about the divine and an experience with divinity, in short a “theologi”. The Hermeticism has as its patron and founder the mythical figure of Hermes Trismegistus, who together survived with Platonism, Middle-Platonism, Middle Stoa and Aristotelianism to the average age because some transmission channels. The Hermeticism rises again with greater force and fury in the Renaissance, shaping or presenting a pre-Christian primordial revelation called prisca theologia or ancient theology. Hermeticism became the Renaissance center of a revival or reediting the theological-metaphysical ancient thought that it intended to seek a new way of interpreting Christianity then. Thus was the basis of a generating hermeneutics of meaning and unification, as well as a sponsor of affirmative relations between philosophies and religions, diversity and religious tolerance. It will also be the source of a form of thought called Western Esotericism, working with one of the cultural and present engines in the history of called esoteric current subsequent to the fifteenth century, presenting itself as the most current research in the area as a rejected knowledge in the history of the West. It will be understood as a key element in the sense that it collaborated heavily for the establishment of an imaginary and an episteme in the Renaissance period, while its epistemological structure survived as a form of thought, while it was rejected by the academy. Thus, Hermeticism has, as a form of thought, an extremely complex logic and epistemological constituent and dynamic which can serve us today as an epistemological and hermeneutic relief as occurred in front antiquity to the decline of Greek rationalism and Renaissance front need for reform in Christianity. / Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de apresentar o Hermetismo não somente como uma corrente filosófica antiga, mas como uma corrente de pensamento que rompe com a racionalidade clássica grega, direcionando-o a uma visão filosófico-religiosa, ou a uma religiosidade filosófica, através de uma unificação entre as doutrinas filosóficas e religiosas greco-egípcia. Os problemas filosóficos de ordem teórica são contrapostos aos problemas acerca do divino e de uma experiência com a divindade, em suma a uma “teologia”. O Hermetismo possui o patrono e fundador a figura mítica de Hermes Trismegistos, que sobreviveu conjuntamente com o Platonismo, o Médio-platonismo, o médio Estoicismo e o Aristotelismo até a idade média graças alguns canais de transmissão. O Hermetismo ressurgirá com maior força e furor no Renascimento, conformando ou apresentando uma revelação primordial pré-cristã chamada de prisca theologia ou primeira teologia. O Hermetismo se tornou no Renascimento o centro de um reavivamento ou reatualização do pensamento teológico-metafísico antigo que pretendia buscar uma nova maneira de interpretar o Cristianismo de então. Desta forma foi a base de uma hermenêutica geradora de sentido e unificação, além de promovedora de afirmativas relações entre as filosofias e religiões, de diversidade e tolerância religiosa. Será também a fonte de uma forma de pensamento chamada de esoterismo ocidental, funcionando com um dos motores culturais e presente na história das ditas correntes esotéricas posteriores ao séc. XV, apresentando-se conforme as mais atuais pesquisas da área como um conhecimento rejeitado na história do ocidente. Será entendido como elemento fundamental no sentido em que ele colaborou fortemente para o estabelecimento de um imaginário e de uma episteme no período do Renascimento, enquanto que sua estrutura epistemológica sobreviveu enquanto uma forma de pensamento, ao mesmo tempo em que foi rejeitado pela academia. Sendo assim, o Hermetismo possui, enquanto uma forma de pensamento, uma constituinte lógica e epistemológica extremamente complexa e dinâmica a qual pode nos servir hoje enquanto socorro epistemológico e hermenêutico assim como ocorreu na Antiguidade frente à decadência do racionalismo grego, e no Renascimento frente à necessidade de reforma na cristandade.

The reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere will be one of the challenges that society will have to face in the coming years. Until now, all efforts have been put in improving the properties of the discharged water in a wastewater treatment plant and the efficiency of the whole process. But little effort has been done in measuring and controlling the greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, the production of nitrous oxide when treating wastewater has become of great concern. Several measurements in laboratory scale and full scale have been done and a wide range of results have been obtained. On the other hand, Himmerfjärden wastewater treatment plant has a deammonification plant for treating rejected water produced when dewatering sludge. It consists of an efficient technology where less energy is supplied and no extra carbon source is added. However, it is unknown the efficiency of this system in terms of nitrous oxide production. For this reason, an analysis was carried out from the 19th June to the 2nd of July. In the light of the results obtained, the deammonification process has obtained better results than conventional nitrification and denitrification in terms of nitrous oxide emissions.

Idag råder det en osäkerhet kring idéutveckling och brister i litteraturen rörande kunskap kring idéer i början av utvecklingsprojekt har identifierats. Tidigare forskning inom området fokuserar mestadels på idéer under fasen innan projektinitiering, det vill säga Fuzzy Front End. Detta examensarbete fokuserar därför på hanteringen av idéer i början av utvecklingsprojekt.Målet var att kartlägga det nuvarande sättet att arbeta med idéer, samt de idéutvecklingsmetoder som används i början av produkt- och kunskapsutvecklingsprojekt på Sandvik Coromant. Arbetet syftade till att bringa klarhet i och bygga kunskap kring tidig idéhantering då brister upptäckts, men även att förbättra hanteringen av idéer i början av projekt och på så sätt fostra innovation. Fem stycken större projekt som använt sig av faciliterade idégenereringsworkshops i början av projektet deltog i studien. Intervjuer samt en valideringsworkshop genomfördes med målet att undersöka utvecklingen av idéer tidigt i projekt. Skillnader mellan avfärdade idéer och vidarerutvecklad idéer i utvecklingsprojekt undersöktes, liksom tron på avfärdade idéer och deras utveckling.Resultaten visade att mognaden av avvisade idéer och vidareutvecklade idéer sker vid olika tidpunkter under projektets gång samt inom olika kärnelement. Vidare indikerade resultaten att idéer som syftar till att lösa delproblem under projektets gång inte mognar i samma utsträckning inom alla kärnelement, vilket teorin hävdar att en produktidé gör. Inga skillnader kunde identifieras gällande dokumentation samt spridning av idéer mellan avvisade idéer och idéer som gått vidare. Inte heller upptäcktes det några skillnader gällande tron på avvisade idéer eller idéer som gått vidare i början av projekten / Today, there is an uncertainty regarding idea development, and a lack of knowledge in the existing literature regarding early idea maturation in development projects has been found. While previous research within the area of innovation mainly investigating ideas within the Fuzzy Front End, this master thesis focus on the management of ideas in the early phases of development projects.This master thesis strives to map the current way of working with ideas and methods used to develop ideas in the beginning of product and knowledge development projects at Sandvik Coromant. The aim is to shed light upon the gap regarding early idea development, with the long-term objective to improve the management of ideas in the beginning of projects to foster innovation. Five larger projects, that have used facilitated idea generation workshops, were selected to be part of the study. Interviews and a validation workshop were conducted in order to examine the development of ideas early in the projects. The differences between rejected ideas and further developed ideas, the belief in, and the fate of rejected ideas in development projects were investigated.The findings showed that the maturation of rejected and further developed ideas occurs at different times of the projects, as well as in different core elements. Further, the result indicates that ideas aiming to solve sub-problem in development projects do not mature to the same extent in all core elements comparing to earlier research on maturation of product ideas. There were no differences found between rejected and further developed ideas regarding documentation and the spreading of ideas. Neither did the belief in an idea in the beginning of the projects differ between the rejected and the further developed ideas.

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of sociometric groupings in bringing about improved social status of rejected girls in eighth-grade homemaking classes. Specifically, the study seeks to answer to the questions: Do significant changes occur in personal and social adjustment when pupils are placed in groups according to their choice? Is there evidence of improved social status of rejected pupils when sociometric groupings are used throughout the year?

<p>The dissertation is a study of the 1985 alcohol policy reform in the Soviet Union. The task is to explain the making and failure of the policy, and to examine the policy as a case in rule creation in society. More specifically, I analyze the policy-making in terms of symbolic politics, moral entrepreneurship, and the prohibitive measures it led to a5 a reaction to alcohol abuse. Each of these concepts offers a partial explanation of rule creation. Yet, none adequately explains the policy repeal, much less the creation of informal social definitions of right and wrong. Similar to alcohol prohibitions in the USA, Finland and Canada, the Soviet alcohol reform effort attempted but ultimately did not succeed in changing the social definition of alcohol and drinking. This is in contrast to cannabis, opium and cocaine prohibitions that aimed to preserve existing definitions and have been largely successful around the world. The relationship between formal and informal definitions is addressed as a key element in any understanding of variations in the fate ofmoral reforms. From this standpoint, the post-reform period comes to be viewed as a distinct stage wherein the viability of a proposed definition is tested. Presently dominant approaches to the definitional process appear to limit their own potential in that they refuse to reconsider assumptions that can be shown erroneous, do not differentiate between dissimilar processes and settings, do not ask more pointed research questions and do not stimulate empirically grounded and verifiable explanations. To redress these limitations, I offer a critical reexamination of both the moral entrepreneur and claims-making approaches to social definition-making.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Yes / Multieffect distillation with thermal vapour compression (MED–TVC) is one of the most attractive thermal desalination technologies for the production of freshwater. Several mathematical models were presented in the open literature to analyse the steady-state performance of such process. However, these models have several limitations and assumptions. Therefore, there remains the challenge of having a reliable model to accurately predict the performance of the MED process. Thus, this research attempts to resolve this challenge by rectifying the shortcomings of the models found in the literature and create a new one. The robustness of the developed model is evaluated against the actual data of Umm Al-Nar commercial plant situated in UAE. In seawater desalinisation, a large amount of high-salinity stream (brine) is rejected back into the sea. This paper investigates the influence of the rejected (exit) brine temperature on the system performance parameters of MED–TVC process. Specifically, these parameters are considered as total heat consumption, gain output ratio, freshwater production, heat transfer area and performance ratio. Also, the particular parameters of TVC section of the entrainment ratio, compression ratio and expansion ratio are also addressed. Moreover, a critical evaluation of the influence of the rejected brine temperature on the seawater is also embedded.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:06:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6034.pdf: 941825 bytes, checksum: 6d06b85571d5cab86cee2ed1c1d699da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Granting credit to an applicant is a decision made in a context of uncertainty. At the moment the lender decides to grant a loan or credit sale there is always the possibility of loss, and, if it is associated with a probability, the decision to grant or not credit will be more reliable. In order to aid the decision to accept or not the request for applicants are used the credit scoring models, which estimate the probability of loss associated with granting credit. But one of the problems involving these models is that only information about the applicants accepted are used, which causes a sampling bias, because the rejected applicants are discarded. With the aim to solve this problem it can use rejected inference, which are considered individuals who have had credit application rejected. However, only considering rejected inference and one method of modeling data, usually, is not sufficient to get satisfactory predictive measures, and thus, were used combined results of three methods, logistic regression, analysis probit and decision tree. The purpose of this combination were to increase the predictive perfomance and the metrics used were sensitivity, specificity , positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. Through the application in data sets we concluded that the use of the combined results increased the predictive performance, specially regarding to sensitivity. / A concessão de crédito e uma decisão a ser tomada num contexto de incertezas. No momento em que o credor decide conceder um empréstimo, realizar um financiamento ou venda a prazo sempre existe a possibilidade de perda, e, se for atribuída uma probabilidade a esta perda, a decisão de conceder ou não credito será mais confiável. Com o objetivo de auxiliar a tomada de decisão em relação ao pedido de credito dos solicitantes são utilizados os modelos credit scoring, os quais estimam a probabilidade de perda associada a concessão de credito. Um dos problemas envolvendo estes modelos e que somente informações a respeito dos proponentes aceitos são utilizadas, o que causa um viés amostral, pois, os solicitantes recusados são descartados no processo de modelagem. Com intuito de solucionar este problema tem-se a inferência dos rejeitados, em que são considerados os indívíduos que tiveram pedido de credito rejeitado. No entanto, considerar a inferência dos rejeitados e o uso de somente um método de modelagem de dados, muitas vezes, não e suficiente para que se tenha medidas preditivas satisfatórias. Desta forma, foram utilizados resultados combinados de três metodologias, regressão logística, probit e árvore de decisão/classificação concomitantemente a utilização dos métodos de inferência dos rejeitados que incluem o uso de variável latente, reclassificação, parcelamento e ponderação. O objetivo dessa combinação foi aumentar a capacidade preditiva e as métricas utilizadas foram a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo, valor preditivo negativo e acurácia. Através da aplicação em conjuntos de dados concluiu-se que a utilização dos resultados combinados aumentou a capacidade preditiva, principalmente, em relação a sensibilidade.

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