The aim of this study is to examine which individual and surrounding factors that are of importance for maintaining drug-freedom after treatment. The study is based on scientific papers found through a scoping review. The result of the study is thematized and analysed with the labelling theory, sense of coherence and the transtheoretical model stages of change. The results show that the individual factors involve occupation (employment, education and activities), health, thoughts and behaviour, network and aftertreatment, and emphasises the inner process and resources one by themselves can develop. The surrounding factors include occupation (employment, education and activities), network, aftertreatment and demographic factors. Here with the perspective on the support that comes from other groups, organisations and people. In the discussion there is a reasoning on the need for a view on relapse as something natural, and sometimes, part of the process. The path to a stable abstinence is not always a straight line or desirable goal, therefore the support should exist in every phase. Another central conclusion is that the Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous gives a big support but is not used by everyone for different reasons. There should be similar support from public services. Future research could search factors for maintaining drug-freedom outside of the AA and NA community. The factors for stable abstinence could also differ depending on the type of abuse, which can be the subject for a possible future study.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka den fysiska aktivitetsnivån hos de anställda samt ta reda på vilka motivationsfaktorer och barriärer de upplevde till fysisk aktivitet. Syftet innefattade även att se om motiv och barriärer skiljde sig beroende på aktivitetsnivå, ålder och kön. En del av syftet var även att undersöka hur aktiviteten kring företagets erbjudande till fysisk aktivitet såg ut. Undersökningen genomfördes genom att deltagarna (n=139) besvarade en omarbetad form av Motivation Till Upprätthållande Av Motionsvanor (MTUAM), en svensk version av Physical Activity Stages Of Change samt några bakgrundsfrågor. Resultatet visade att 55 procent var tillräckligt fysiskt aktiva enligt Folkhälsoinstitutets rekommendationer. Resultatet visade även att de främsta motivationsfaktorerna var förbättrad kondition, förbättrad hälsa samt ökad fysisk styrka. De främsta barriärerna var mycket att göra i hemmet, stress/tidsbrist och brist på motivation. Resultatet visade även att det fanns signifikanta skillnader i motiv och barriärer beroende på aktivitetsnivå och kön. Det fanns även en signifikant skillnad mellan ålder och motiv. Det framkom att 28 procent utnyttjar företagets erbjudande till fysisk aktivitet och att de främsta orsakerna till att det inte utnyttjades var tidsbrist, avsaknad av målsättning samt att de tränar på egen hand. Resultatet diskuterades sedan i förhållande till den tidigare forskningen. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the employees physical activity level and to identify the motivators and barriers they experienced to physical activity. The purpose included investigating if the motives and barriers differed depending on activity level, age and gender. It also examined the activity the company’s offer of physical activity concerning. The participants (n=139) responded to a revised form of Motivation for Maintenance of Exercise Habits (MTUAM), a Swedish version of the Physical Activity Stages of Change and a few background questions. The results showed that 55 percent were sufficiently physically active according to the recommendations of the Swedish Institute of Public Health. The results also showed that the main motivation factors were improved fitness, improved health and greater physical strength. The main barriers were a lot to do at home, stress/lack of time and lack of motivation. The results also showed that there were significant differences in motivations and barriers depending on activity level and gender. There also was a significant difference between age and motives. It was discovered that 28 percent used the company’s offer of physical activity. The main reasons why it was not used were lack of time, lack of goals and that they train on their own. The results were then discussed in relation to the research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5774.pdf: 5912926 bytes, checksum: c12ae3c92ffb15555578d0bff0da6cea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-09 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The objective of this study was to construct and analyze the psychometric properties of an instrument capable of assessing the anticipatory coping skills for abstinence from substances. For the elaboration of items, 18 classes of the anticipatory coping skills as described in literature and obtained from interviews with people in abstinence from substances have been selected. Each one was described and subclasses, that could represent it, were drafted in the form of 92 items. After a semantic analysis and evidences of content validity made by referees, the instrument contains now 68 items. This version was submitted to tests to check application procedures and interpretation of responses, therefore another item was deleted, with others being rewritten. The instrument with 67 items was named Inventory of Anticipatory Coping Skills Inventory for the Abstinence from Alcohol and Other Drugs (IDHEA-AD, as in portuguese). To check evidences of its internal structure validity, it was subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The samples for this stage were 422 people in treatment for alcohol or crack cocaine abuse or dependence. The data obtained were considered adequate for performing factorial analysis, with KMO index of 0.88 and significant Bartlett sphericity test (&#967; ² = 9032.1, p < 0.001). The Maximum Likelihood method of extraction was used with Promax rotation and variables with factorial loading lower than 0.40 supressed. A structure composed of three factors revealed itself adequate and reliable, with 30 items, Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 and total explained variance of 43.02%. The first factor, named "Assertiveness and planning for high-risk situations of substance use" is composed of 14 items with a Cronbach s alpha of 0.89 and mainly involves refusal skills to the offer of substances. The second, "Expression of positive feelings for abstinence sustenance" is related to ability to demonstrate affection, which contributes to the development of less stressful social situations. It has eight items and Cronbach s alpha of 0.83. Finally, the third factor "Emotional self-control facing adverse situations" involves mainly the self-control of anger, has eight items and Cronbach s alpha of 0.77. This structure also showed good evidence of convergent validity by construct-related (self-efficacy for abstinence), concurrent criterion validity (with level of involvement with the substance and abstinence length), reliability for temporal stability and reliability by consistency in relation to the content. Furthermore, as expected, it was observed that variables such as gender, educational level and type of consumed substance seem not to affect the obtained results. When using the instrument to characterize the repertoire of coping skills in substance dependents or abusers, only abstinence length has proved to be a critical variable. A longer abstinence is related to a higher repertoire of anticipatory coping skills. All results indicate the quality of the IDHEA-AD, which allows the proceeding of the investigation in order to meet the requirements set by the Federal Council of Psychology, so it can be used by professionals in the clinical evaluation. / O objetivo deste estudo foi construir e analisar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento capaz de avaliar habilidades de enfrentamento antecipatório para a abstinência de substâncias. Para a redação dos itens, foram selecionadas 18 classes de habilidades de enfrentamento antecipatório descritas na literatura e obtidas de entrevistas com pessoas em abstinência de substâncias. Cada uma foi descrita e subclasses que poderiam representá-la foram redigidas na forma de 92 itens. Após análise semântica e de evidências de validade de conteúdo por juízes, o instrumento passou a conter 68 itens. Esta versão foi submetida a testes para avaliar procedimentos de aplicação e interpretação das respostas e mais um item foi excluído, com outros sendo reescritos. O instrumento com 67 itens recebeu o nome de Inventário de Habilidades de Enfrentamento Antecipatório para a Abstinência de Álcool e Outras Drogas (IDHEA-AD). Para verificar evidências de validade da sua estrutura interna, ele foi submetido à Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE). A amostra para esta etapa foi de 422 pessoas em tratamento por abuso ou dependência de álcool ou crack. Os dados obtidos foram considerados adequados para a realização de análise fatorial, com índice KMO de 0.88 e Teste de Esfericidade de Bartlett significativo (&#967;² = 9032.1; p < 0.001). Foi utilizado o método de extração Máxima Verossimilhança, com rotação Promax e supressão de variáveis com carga fatorial inferior a 0,40. Uma estrutura composta por três fatores se mostrou adequada e confiável, com 30 itens, alfa de Cronbach de 0.88 e total de variância explicada de 43.02%. O primeiro fator, nomeado Assertividade e planejamento para situações de alto risco de consumo de substâncias , composto por 14 itens e com alfa de 0.89, envolve principalmente habilidades para recusar oferta de substâncias. O segundo, Expressão de sentimento positivo para manutenção da abstinência está relacionado a habilidades para demonstração de afeto, que colabora para o estabelecimento de situações sociais menos estressoras. Possui oito itens e alfa de 0.83. Por fim, o terceiro fator Autocontrole emocional de situações adversas , envolvendo principalmente autocontrole da raiva, tem oito itens e alfa de 0.77. Esta estrutura apresentou também boas evidências de validade convergente por construto relacionado (autoeficácia para a abstinência), validade de critério concorrente (com nível de envolvimento com a substância e tempo de abstinência), fidedignidade por estabilidade temporal e fidedignidade por consistência em relação ao conteúdo. Além disso, como esperado, observou-se que variáveis como gênero, escolaridade e tipo de substância consumida não parecem interferir nos resultados obtidos. Ao utilizar o instrumento para caracterizar o repertório de habilidades de enfrentamento em abusadores ou dependentes de substâncias, apenas tempo de abstinência mostrou ser uma variável crítica. Maior tempo de abstinência está relacionado a repertório mais elevado de habilidades de enfrentamento antecipatório. Todos os resultados indicam qualidade do IDHEA-AD, o que permite prosseguir com as investigações, de forma a atender aos requisitos exigidos pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia para que possa ser utilizado por profissionais, na avaliação clínica.

The diploma thesis deals with anorexia nervosa as one of the basic forms of eating disorders, with emphasis on the very common chronic progression of this serious psychiatric illness. This thesis is based on the scientific fact, that conspicuous eating habits, constant control of thinking and behavior, as well as self-perception disorders, are observed in most cases, even in already cured patients. Long-term stress in common with a prone personality, can result in the acute phase of anorexia nervosa. The diploma thesis is qualitatively focused. The chosen methods of data collection are a questionnaire survey and a following semi-structured interview. The condition for participation in the research is the past experience with anorexia nervosa, without the current presence of the acute phase of this disease. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to map the burning issues of individuals who have gone through the acute phase of anorexia nervosa in the past, their current feelings and needs. The output of the diploma thesis are the specific recommendations, coming from the results of research survey, which would help to reduce the probability of relapse of the acute phase of mental anorexia in stressful situations. KEYWORDS Anorexia nervosa, eating disorders, chronicity, relapse prevention, addictive...

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Relapse prevention after pain management is a neglected area and Internet-based interventions have the potential to partly fill this gap. A challenge in designing effective relapse prevention program is how to motivate patients to persist throughout the full length of treatment. Following a regular pain management program, 29 participants underwent a 20 week long Internet–based relapse prevention program based on acceptance-oriented CBT. Qualitative analyses showed changes in attitudes towards their pain and body during the course of treatment. Degree of personal commitment in treatment goals seemed to affect gains relating to new perspective on self and future. Therapeutic strategies of defusion and mindfulness seemed to ease perspective changes and persistence to comply. Values interventions are hypothesized to be a plausible therapeutic strategy to engage participants in continuous behavior change. Further studies on non-compliers and drop-outs could enhance understanding of interventions necessary to maintaining motivation. When and how to give therapist support during Internet-based treatment for chronic pain is another area in need of further studies.

Trend of declining crime rates in recent years, on the other hand rising recidivism raises many questions for the existing criminal justice system. High return to prison gives the impression that the purpose of a sentence of custodial sentence lose at the beginning of the third millennium its meaning. The challenge not only for the state apparatus, but the whole society is more than ever becoming reintegration of offenders, which is a predictor of risk of recidivism. The aim of this thesis is therefore description and evaluation aspects of the process of social reintegration, taking into account current possibilities to prevent reoffending. Empirical part extends the intention of re-socialization efforts charting selection of innovative programs in social work with offenders. Theoretical material consists of key concepts weighing the Criminology and Penology, which is completed at the end of work formulating recommendations for social work with offenders as a possible guide changes in the life of each individual offender.

Choi Fai-ming, Jonathan. / "July 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-151). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with painful physical symptoms (PPS). These post hoc analyses of previous trial data assessed PPS and their response to duloxetine treatment in GAD patients. Studies 1 and 2 (n = 840) were 9- to 10-week efficacy trials; study 3 (n = 887) was a relapse prevention trial comprising a 26-week open-label treatment phase and a 26-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment continuation phase. Mean baseline visual analog scale scores (VAS, 0–100; n = 1727) ranged from 26 to 37 for overall pain, headache, back pain, shoulder pain, interference with daily activities, and time in pain while awake. In studies 1 and 2, improvement on all VAS scores was greater in duloxetine-treated than in placebo-treated patients (p ≤ 0.01). In study 3, pain symptoms worsened in responders switched to placebo compared with those maintained on duloxetine (p ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, duloxetine was efficacious in the short- and long-term treatment of PPS, which are common in GAD patients.