Thesis advisor: Robert Stanton / This dissertation introduces the remix as an interpretive framework for the analysis of medieval texts and demonstrates its value as a new approach to understanding even well-studied texts. Breaking the process of remixing down into three composite processes—aggregation, compilation, and renarration—allows the reader to examine a given text as the cumulative effect of a series of actions taken by known or unknown remixers. Doing so in turn allows for new readings based on previously un- or under-explored alterations, completions, and juxtapositions present within the text or its physical or generic contexts, or embedded within its processes of textual production. This dissertation presents four case studies that show the usefulness of this approach in regard to (1) the physical and textual construction of the Junius manuscript; (2) the conventions of the ‘encomium urbis’ genre and the meaning of ‘home’ in Old English poetry; (3) King Leir narratives and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as forms of history writing; and (4) various contextualizations of Grendel, the antagonist from the poem Beowulf. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: English.

Thesis advisor: Judith Schwartz / Increased access to media and production tools has given the civilized masses the means not only to consume an increasingly comprehensive wealth of content, but also the means to interact with that content in ways never before imagined. This has allowed the digital generation to grow ever more comfortable creating and editing content outside of the professional environment. Much of the creative output of our day comes in the form of the “remix,” a piece of content which is constructed, in full or in part, from bits (most often in the form of bytes) of other media artifacts. However, because of American law and international copyright agreements that prohibit the copying (reproduction or derivation) of creative works, a generation of amateur producers has been criminalized. Despite the message sent by recent prosecutions in light of the letter of copyright law, the original spirit of copyright law was to encourage creative production, not restrict it. Within the music industry, the international electronic dance music community demonstrates how new forms of content and copyright management within a hybrid economy could benefit artists, fans, and industry alike. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Communication.

Abstrakt Liksom skolan utgör en arena för alltmer pluralistiska elevgrupper med vitt skilda erfarenheter strävar konstmuseer idag efter att vara en representativ arena för en alltmer globaliserad konstvärld. Den problematik de står inför, samt hur de hanterar den då de arbetar för att inte reproducera en normerad maktrelation mellan västerlandet och resten av världen är kärnan i mitt arbete. Med postkoloniala frågeställningar om makt och diskurser försöker jag belysa vilken identitet vi i den västerländska kulturen ger både dem vi beskriver, samt oss själva, när vi definierar "icke-västerländsk" konst på ett specifikt sätt. För att kanalisera de postkoloniala frågeställningar jag undersöker tittar jag närmare på utställningen Africa Remix, (Moderna Museet i Stockholm 2006 – 2007) eftersom den var en utställning som medvetet förhöll sig till den representationsproblematik som jag undersöker. Således blir min frågställning: Vilken representationsproblematik ställs konstmuseer inför när de ställer ut icke-västerländsk konst? Hur hanterades denna problematik i utställningen Africa Remix? Jag har arbetat utifrån ett socialkonstruktionistisk perspektiv och undersökningen görs inom den postkoloniala teoribildningen som kan sägas sträva efter att analysera och belysa hur och varför maktrelationer ser ut som de gör idag och visa på samband som kolonial och neokolonial retorik döljer. Arbetet belyser hur svårt det är att implementera insiktsfulla och självreflekterande perspektiv på den egna positionen, som museum, men framförallt som ett "västerland" med blicken riktad mot resten av världen. Gestaltningen består av två kompletterande bildspel där det ena lyfter upp och belyser frågor som Africa Remix behandlade i sin utställning, men som sällan gjordes explicita i utställningsrummen. Medan det andra ställer frågor utifrån ett mer teoretiskt förhållningssätt och utgår mer ifrån den teoretiska undersökningen. Syftet är att väcka funderingar kring ämnet och kommunicera problematiken på ett mer visuellt sätt.

Kuso videos as an emergent Internet genre have gained its popularity among a great number of online participants, especially via the most popular video-sharing website, Youtube. The present study explores the meaning-making mechanism that operates in the production of kuso videos, which are worthy of note inasmuch as they have been more and more widely used in response to issues arising in Taiwanese society. Different from previous research on monomodal representation of kuso (e.g. written, graphic kuso), the present research takes the previous studies as a point of departure and will analyze a multimodal and multimedial kuso video uploaded onto Youtube. The analysis will center around its performance, power, and meaning potentials and seek to answer the following research questions. (1) From a multimodal social-semiotic perspective, how are the meaning potentials of kuso videos being performed in the process of meaning-making? (2) In multimodal kuso videos, what accounts as a mode and what are the affordances of a specific mode? Or, is it necessary to define mode as a separate unit which creates meaning potentials in the whole multimodal production? (3) In social-semiotic production of kuso videos, who is in control in the process of meaning-making? In other words, in the meaning-making process, how is the identity of kuso video being contextualized and being negotiated with other participants? (4) How are decontextualization, recontextualization, and identity contextualization interconnected to each other in the production and the distribution of kuso videos? To analyze the meaning-making process and meaning potentials of the target kuso video, multisemiotic models (Halliday, 1978; Lim, 2002) as well as Bakhtin¡¦s (1981; 1986) genre theory are applied as the basis of the analytical framework while ¡§projective act of identity¡¨ (Coupland, 2007) is used to account for the how identity is contextualized in the video. In addition, the present research proposes the Functional Multisemiotic Model to illustrate with examples how layers of remix operate in the processes of decontextualization, recontextualization, and identity contextualization and to elucidate what semiotic functions they serve at three levels (i.e. ideational, textual, and interpersonal levels). On the whole, this research may shed light on the intricate meaning-making process in multimodal kuso analysis.

In recent years, the cyberspace had led to significant evolution of information transmission. Indie musician upload their music to StreetVoice and Youtube to display themselves. They also keep good connections with other musicians and fans through Social Network. Consequently, network has been one of the most important environment for musician to create. Whether network is well creativity space for indie musician involves conflicts between its enhancing and inhibiting factors. We use Csikszentmihalyi¡¦s three-pronged systems model and four major regulators:Law, Norms, Market, Architecture in the book of ¡§Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace¡¨ by Lawrence Lessig as the study framework. This research takes qualitative approach with twelve interviewees. All of them are indie musician. Following the data analysing, the results present the life of creativity can been divided into three stage: copy, shadow and create. When people go through the three stages, their knowledge of music will become more rich. Musician can write or sing a song to express what they want and who they are. The results of this analysing, network could bring several enhancing factors Including promotion, grouping, sharing, encouragement and expanding fans. According to the analysis observed that network architecture isn¡¦t robust now. Indie musicians are afraid that law can¡¦t protect their copyright of music on network. In the part of norms, indie musicians want all of their musics on network are perfect. Furthermore, indie musicians don't believe that network could made enough profit to cover their basic expenses.

ccMixter.org, an online remix community that uses Creative Commons licenses to protect and promote their work, is a unique site of musical activity whose discourse is shaped by an egalitarian ideology. However, simultaneously exists a hierarchical structure in which some remixes are considered better than others. This report explores the coexistence of these two paradigms, and seeks to frame the discussion within the context of current IP policy politics, the open source movement, and fundamental shifts that the Internet has caused in communication. / text

Dub reggae is widely regarded as an early form of the remix. Dub artists modify previously recorded reggae songs by manipulating a song's individual tracks with a mixing board and layering them in aural effects such as reverb and echo. These effects are fundamentally spatial in quality, giving the listener an impression of vast open space. This paper is an analysis of the techniques utilized in dub's construction of sonic space as well as an investigation of the cultural meaning of those spaces. My analysis utilizes Josh Kun's theories about "audiotopias" (temporary aural spaces created through music) in order to study how sonic spaces create "new maps" that allow an individual to analyze their current social predicament. These "new maps," therefore, engender a "remapping" of reality, a reconstitutive process that parallels dub's emphasis on modification and alteration. This paper also argues that dub's audiotopias are implicitly natural, although they are constructed through modern recording technologies such as the echo chamber and the reverb unit. A final chapter applies these analytical techniques to one of dub's most popular musical offspring, hip hop.

Móveis: da visualidade à visualização é uma pesquisa teóricoprática que pretende discutir como o senso de espaço se transforma na percepção do mundo digitalizado e como isso é manifestado na arte contemporânea. Para isso, visamos aliar a prática artística, através da conclusão de um experimento artístico denominado Móveis, à reflexão. O experimento se realiza por processos híbridos possibilitados pelo digital e consolida-se como uma metacriação a partir do processamento da grande variedade de imagens e informações dispostas e trocadas diariamente pela cultura. No processo de desenvolvimento do experimento artístico Móveis, diferentes práticas e softwares são integrados para a visualização de informações e \"mineração\" visual de dados, composição de arquivos de pesquisa, remixagem e apresentação da obra. Nesses desdobramentos, consideramos práticas como remix e a visualização de dados não apenas como agentes de uma forma final específica ou de análise e demonstração de dados, mas como geradoras de um projeto para a criação. Na construção do projeto, instrumentos são utilizados como meio e não como fim, portanto pretendeu-se enfatizá-los enquanto geradores de métodos, estratégias e etapas para o projeto artístico -- não ficando aparente em sua forma final e sendo possível de ser verificados enquanto processo. No decorrer desse desenvolvimento, a elaboração conceitual funde-se à prática, determinando o caminho de compreensão das atividades envolvidas. / Movable: from Visuality to Visualization is a practise-based research that intends to discuss on how the sense of space changes through the perception of the digitized world and how this is manifested in contemporary art. For this purpose, we aim to combine artistic practice to the reflection, through the conclusion of an artistic experiment called Movable. The experiment was carried out by hybrid processes made possible by digital media and was consolidated as a meta-creation from the processing of a huge variety of imagery and information arranged and exchanged daily by the culture. In the process of developing the artistic experiment \"Movable\", different practices and softwares were integrated for information visualization and visual data mining, for the composition of research files, remixing and for presentation of the work. In these developments, we have considered practices such as remixing and visualization of data not only as agents of a specific final form or of analysis and data demonstration but as generators of a project for creation. In the construction of the project, instruments were used as a medium and not as an end, so it was intended to emphasize them as generators of methods, strategies and stages for the artistic project - not becoming apparent in its final form and being possible to be verified as a process. In the course of this development, conceptual elaboration was based on practice, determining the path of understanding of the activities involved.

Móveis: da visualidade à visualização é uma pesquisa teóricoprática que pretende discutir como o senso de espaço se transforma na percepção do mundo digitalizado e como isso é manifestado na arte contemporânea. Para isso, visamos aliar a prática artística, através da conclusão de um experimento artístico denominado Móveis, à reflexão. O experimento se realiza por processos híbridos possibilitados pelo digital e consolida-se como uma metacriação a partir do processamento da grande variedade de imagens e informações dispostas e trocadas diariamente pela cultura. No processo de desenvolvimento do experimento artístico Móveis, diferentes práticas e softwares são integrados para a visualização de informações e \"mineração\" visual de dados, composição de arquivos de pesquisa, remixagem e apresentação da obra. Nesses desdobramentos, consideramos práticas como remix e a visualização de dados não apenas como agentes de uma forma final específica ou de análise e demonstração de dados, mas como geradoras de um projeto para a criação. Na construção do projeto, instrumentos são utilizados como meio e não como fim, portanto pretendeu-se enfatizá-los enquanto geradores de métodos, estratégias e etapas para o projeto artístico -- não ficando aparente em sua forma final e sendo possível de ser verificados enquanto processo. No decorrer desse desenvolvimento, a elaboração conceitual funde-se à prática, determinando o caminho de compreensão das atividades envolvidas. / Movable: from Visuality to Visualization is a practise-based research that intends to discuss on how the sense of space changes through the perception of the digitized world and how this is manifested in contemporary art. For this purpose, we aim to combine artistic practice to the reflection, through the conclusion of an artistic experiment called Movable. The experiment was carried out by hybrid processes made possible by digital media and was consolidated as a meta-creation from the processing of a huge variety of imagery and information arranged and exchanged daily by the culture. In the process of developing the artistic experiment \"Movable\", different practices and softwares were integrated for information visualization and visual data mining, for the composition of research files, remixing and for presentation of the work. In these developments, we have considered practices such as remixing and visualization of data not only as agents of a specific final form or of analysis and data demonstration but as generators of a project for creation. In the construction of the project, instruments were used as a medium and not as an end, so it was intended to emphasize them as generators of methods, strategies and stages for the artistic project - not becoming apparent in its final form and being possible to be verified as a process. In the course of this development, conceptual elaboration was based on practice, determining the path of understanding of the activities involved.

[pt] Com uma perspectiva estética, filosófica e antropológica, a tese ora apresentada propõe atenção especial à produção audiovisual realizada em instituições formais de ensino, procurando perceber uma imagem dialética da educação a partir de uma seleção de 251 vídeos produzidos em escolas do estado do Rio de Janeiro e exibidos no segmento infanto-juvenil do Festival do Rio, a Mostra Geração, entre os anos de 2000 e 2014. Entendendo a noção benjaminiana da dialética das imagens como dinâmica que conflagra uma experiência, a constituição de um olhar crítico que observa a imagem e que também é afetado por ela, a autora acredita que as imagens nos levam a experimentar um tipo diferenciado de conhecimento. Deste ponto de vista, portanto, surge a relevância de tentar, dentro do contexto acadêmico, uma aproximação sensível (estética) com a escola, para enriquecer as reflexões, a ciência e a imaginação sobre as instituições sociais de formação. Dividida em três fases, a pesquisa teve como principal objetivo testar uma combinação de estratégias da arte, da filosofia e das ciências sociais na produção de conhecimento para o campo da educação. Após uma categorização básica do material empírico com o auxílio de um software de análise quantitativa (ATLAS.ti), a pesquisadora segue um percurso analítico aberto por sua apropriação pessoal dos escritos de Georges Didi-Huberman. A segunda fase, que se desenvolveu concomitantemente às demais, é uma experiência estética/criativa de edição de partes dos audiovisuais escolares, utilizando a montagem como método investigativo e reflexivo para compor um instrumento de consulta que atendesse adois objetivos adicionais: a) compreender e estranhar a imagem de escola partilhada nos vídeos; b) conceber imagens-pensamento com e a partir dos planos que a escola põe em circulação. Em um terceiro momento, a autora produz um discurso como método de desconstrução de um ponto de vista e de (re)constituição de um outro olhar-saber, uma tese, sobre a aparição da escola no material construído. O Atlas do Audiovisual Escolar, Territórios da Mostra Geração: Rio de Janeiro, 2000 a 2014, composto por um filme e um ensaio, reflete paixões e inquietações; emoções e sonhos despertados no encontro com a amostra do imaginário audiovisual escolar abordado. Violência, drogas, corrupção, poluição, mídias e inovação são os problemas que ocupam a imagem de escola formada. Conclui-se que encarar o audiovisual escolar com responsabilidade é, obrigatoriamente, interrogar imagens que nos olham e imaginar, com as escolas, novas imagens por vir. / [en] With an aesthetic, philosophical and anthropological perspective, her doctoral research proposes special attention to the moving imagens of the video production carried out in educational institutions, analyzing a selection of 251 videos produced by schools in the state of Rio de Janeiro and exhibited in the Generation Programme - the Rio Int l Film Festival s Segment for Children and Young People, between the years 2000 and 2014. The study starts from the Benjaminian concept of dialectic images understooded as a dynamic that constitutes a critical gaze that look to an image while the observer is also looked by the image (Benjamin). Believing that images can lead us to experience a peculiar kind of knowledge, emerges the relevance of attempting, within the academic context, a sensitive (aesthetic) approach with the school, to contribute to reflections, to the science and the imagination on the educational institutions. Divided into three phases, the main objective of the research is to test a combination of strategies of art, philosophy and social sciences in the construction of knowledge for the educational research field. The first approach of the data collected was a categorization of the empirical material with the aid of quantitative analysis software (ATLAS.ti). Then the researcher follows an analytical path opened by her personal appropriation of the writings of Georges Didi-Huberman. The second phase, which develops concomitantly to the others, is an aesthetic / creative experience of editing parts of the school-produced videos, using montage and remix as investigative and reflexive methods to compose a query instrument that serves two additional objectives: a) to compreheend and to strange the image of school that is shared by the videos of this study; b) to conceive Thought-Images (Denkbilder) with and from the frames that the schools put into circulation. In a third moment, the author discuss what was visualized, by producing a discourse as a method of deconstructing a point of view and (re) constitution of another gazeknowledge, a thesis about the school s appearance in the builded material. The Atlas of the School-produced Video: territories of Generation Programme/Rio de Janeiro Int l Film Festival (2000-2014), composed of a film and an essay, reflects passions and anxieties; emotions and dreams awakened in the encounter with the sample of the studied video-imaginary. Violence; Drugs; Corruption; Pollution; Media and Innovation are issues that occupy the school image formed in the remix produced by the research. It is concluded that video remix is a methodology that supports creation of knowledge in both Media Education and Educational fields, since it is a way to manipulate and, hence, is a form of material engagement with the data. Finally, the researcher states that to see school-produced videos, with responsibility in fact, necessarily is to ask questions to the images that affect us and to imagine with the schools new images to come.