The concept of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) had been used as a patient reported outcome measure in healthcare settings. It has been conceptualised and measured using validated instruments in the Western scientific community. However, in the Saudi literature, the true meaning of this concept is still lacking. The aim of this study is to explore the gap in literature and define the concept of HRQoL, identify its key domains and conceptualise it as perceived specifically by patients with renal failure and undergoing haemodialysis in Saudi Arabia. This PhD included two strands, an empirical qualitative study and a critical analysis of the HRQoL concept and its measurement in the Western as well as the Saudi literature. Using qualitative research methods, the empirical study was conducted in one centre in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Twenty two In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted in the Arabic language, recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Thematic analysis was performed to analyse the data as the transcripts were coded, the categories identified and the themes generated. The conceptual analysis of HRQoL was carried out after the review of the Western literature on the quality of life (QoL) conceptual models and the measuring instruments used in renal literature. Systematic review of the Saudi HRQoL literature was performed as well to understand the meaning and methods of measurement of the concept of HRQoL. The conceptual analysis of HRQoL revealed that the concept is poorly defined in the Saudi literature; its measurement was based on instruments that are not culturally-adapted. Hence the findings are subjected to questions of validity and reliability. The QoL conceptual models have been developing in the Western literature as well as measuring instruments for patients with renal failure. However, the adoption of these models or instruments is critical due to social, cultural and religious variations between Saudi Arabia and the Western societies. Seven themes defining HRQoL emerged from the qualitative data; these reflected the subjectivity of the concept. The domains of HRQoL were the physiological, social, psychological, religious and vocational domains. Each of those domains was defined by determinants that affect other domains and the overall HRQoL. These were synthesised into a single definition, which incorporated all five domains. A model of HRQoL of patients undergoing haemodialysis in Saudi Arabia was developed explaining the relationship between the key domains and HRQoL. Healthcare services were discussed as a factor that affects the health status of patients and plays an indirect role in the life quality of this patient group. Hence it was considered as a factor rather than a domain. This study, including the conceptual analysis and the empirical study, illustrates that the concept of HRQoL is highly individual and is affected by the views of individuals living in a specific culture. Additionally, it is affected by the social, cultural and religious backgrounds of those individuals. The conceptualisation of HRQoL in this study was almost similar to the Western conceptualisation, however, the relationships between the key domains of HRQoL and their determinants differed. The social and religious domains were highly influenced by the Arabic culture and the Islamic religion. HRQoL in patients with ESRD in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia has a different meaning and conceptualisation from that seen in comparable Western literature. The assessment of HRQoL of patients with renal failure and on haemodialysis in Saudi Arabia requires a culturally-adapted instrument. This would ensure valid and reliable results that could be used in decision-making and the planning of care.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viviane_rodrigues_figueredo_azevedo.pdf: 1915872 bytes, checksum: 358f10b870116b32bb5e25687b3067a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / The main goal of this study was to understand the experience of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis in view of the psychological attention given to these patients. It is a qualitative research, with an interventional nature, that had as an instrument of investigation the individual and group psychological duty and the logbook of the researcher. The understanding analysis was carried out from the narratives coming from the instrument and revealed two constellations: The sailing and the shipwreck. The sailing refers to the human movement to keep in the time between birth and death, knowing the unpredictability and irreversibility of the river / life. The shipwreck refers to the human movement toward the end of navigation. After the analysis there was a dialogue between the constellations found and the thoughts of Hannah Arendt. In this study it was revealed that the reason why one fights for biological life is the existential life. So just staying alive is not enough for people who need hemodialysis. In this context, it is about the existential life crossed by the substitutive renal therapy that the psychologist listens to. / O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise, tendo em vista a atenção psicológica voltada para esses pacientes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho interventivo, que teve como instrumento de investigação o plantão psicológico individual, o plantão psicológico coletivo e o diário de bordo da pesquisadora. A análise compreensiva foi realizada a partir das narrativas advindas do instrumento e desvelou duas constelações: o navegar e o naufragar. Navegar diz respeito ao movimento humano de seguir, no tempo entre nascimento e morte, conhecendo a imprevisibilidade e a irreversibilidade do rio/vida. Naufragar diz respeito ao movimento humano em direção o fim da navegação. Após a análise foi feito um diálogo entre as constelações encontradas e as reflexões de Hannah Arendt. Neste estudo foi revelado que o motivo pelo qual se luta pela vida biológica é a vida existencial. Portanto, apenas manter-se vivo não é o suficiente para as pessoas que necessitam da hemodiálise. Neste contexto, é sobre a vida existencial atravessada pela terapia renal substitutiva que o psicólogo escuta.

Os pacientes acometidos pela insuficiência renal crônica apresentam diminuição progressiva da função renal associada à redução da taxa de filtração glomerular. Possuem a resposta imune celular e humoral suprimidas e a existência de quaisquer alterações de saúde bucal pode representar focos de infecção a esses pacientes, os quais são extremamente susceptíveis a estas. A doença periodontal é uma doença inflamatória destrutiva que afeta os tecidos periodontais, e estudos têm mostrado que a prevalência desta é maior em pacientes com IRC quando comparados com a população em geral. Objetivo: Avaliar os parâmetros clínicos da doença periodontal em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Métodos: Foi realizado exame clínico periodontal de 125 indivíduos com alteração renal crônica que foram divididos em grupo controle (GC), grupo pré-diálise (GPD) e grupo hemodiálise (GHD), e os grupos foram subdivididos de acordo com a doença periodontal. Resultados: A perda de inserção clínica foi maior nos grupos GPD e GHD quando comparados ao controle (p=0,0058; p=0,0383), os demais parâmetros periodontais não apresentaram diferenças significantes. Os níveis de ácido úrico e ferritina foram estatisticamente maiores nos GPD e GHD com quando comparados ao GC (p<0,001); p=0,008; p=0,01); o nível de PCR foi maior no grupo GPD quando comparados aos grupos GC e GHD (p<0,05); e os níveis de fibrinogênio e triglicerídeos foram maiores no grupo GPD com doença periodontal quando comparados ao GC (p=0,01, p=0,008), o mesmo não ocorreu com os grupos sem doença periodontal. Conclusão: Assim sendo, conclui-se que a PIC e o número de dentes ausentes foi maior nos grupos testes quando comparados ao controle. Portanto, os profissionais de saúde devem ter uma atenção maior aos pacientes que apresentam a DRC no sentido de efetuar uma relação interdisciplinar para melhorar a condição de saúde deste. / Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function associated with a decline in the glomerular filtration rate. CRFs patients have a humoral and cellular immune responses suppressed and the existence of any oral complications may be outbreaks of such patients, which are extremely susceptible to these. Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, and studies have shown that this is greater prevalence in patients with CRF compared to the general population. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical periodontal parameters CRFs patients. Methods: 125 CRFs patients were included in the study, and they were divided in control group (GC), foregoing dialysis group (GPD), and hemodialysis group (GHD), and the groups were subdivided in accordance with periodontitis. Results: Clinical attachment loss (CAL) was greater in GPD and GHD groups compared to the control (p = 0.0383; p = 0.0058), the other periodontal parameters did not provide significant differences. Uric acid and ferritin levels were statistically higher in GPD and GHD when compared to the GC (p<0.05); the PCR level was higher in GPD group when compared to the GC and HDG groups (p<0.05); and fibrinogen and triglycerides levels were greatest in the GPD with periodontitis than the GC (p = 0.01, p = 0.008), the same did not occur with groups without periodontitis. Conclusion: Accordingly, it is concluded that the clinical attachment loss and the number of dental lost of the tests groups were larger than the control group. Therefore, healthcare professionals must have an attention to CFRs patients to make a relationship interdisciplinary to improve the health condition.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Parra.pdf: 726860 bytes, checksum: fe316e1bd808b08f513b45b186081bcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / The objective was to evaluate the effect of probiotic on renal function in intoxicated Wistar rats by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). We used 80 male Wistar rats, that were 21 to 25 days old, randomly divided into two treatments (n = 40 rats/treatment). In the DK treatment the animals consumed 0, 12, 24 and 36 mg of K2Cr2O7 added to the diet and in the DK+P treatment the rats consumed 0, 12, 24 and 36 mg of K2Cr2O7 in the diet with 0.2% probiotic. Those animals consumed their respective diets for 90 days, then, they were euthanized by exsanguination and blood samples were taken to evaluate serum creatinine and urea levels and histopathological analysis of the kidneys were realized. Serum creatinine levels in the DK+P treatment was significantly (p<0.05) lower in relation to the DK treatment in all dichromate doses analyzed. Serum urea levels did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the DK and DK+P treatments. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in serum creatinine and urea concentrations in the rats that consumed 0 and 12 mg of dichromate and probiotic, but in the other animals serum creatinine and urea increased significantly (p<0.05) along with increasing doses of the dichromate in both experimental treatments. The rats in DK and DK+P treatments showed hydropic degeneration in renal tubules at all doses of K2Cr2O7. The DK treatment rats showed interstitial nephritis. It was concluded that supplementation with the probiotic was beneficial for glomerular filtration in rats intoxicated with low doses of potassium dichromate, but did not prevent the tubular hydropic degeneration in Wistar rats intoxicated by potassium dichromate. / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de probiótico na função renal de ratos Wistar intoxicados por dicromato de potássio (K2Cr2O7). Utilizou-se 80 ratos Wistar, machos com 21 a 25 dias, divididos aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos (n=40 ratos/tratamento). No tratamento DK os animais consumiram 0, 12, 24 e 36 mg de K2Cr2O7 adicionado na dieta e o tratamento DK+P os ratos consumiram 0, 12, 24 e 36 mg de K2Cr2O7 na dieta com 0,2% de probiótico. Esses animais consumiram suas respectivas dietas durante 90 dias, foram eutanasiados por exsanguinação e colhidas amostras de sangue para realização de dosagem sérica de creatinina e uréia e realizou-se nos rins análise histopatológico. A creatinina sérica do tratamento DK+P foi significativamente (p<0,05) menor em relação ao tratamento DK em todas as doses de dicromato estudadas. A uréia sérica não diferiu significativamente (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos DK e DK+P. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na concentração sérica de creatinina e uréia dos ratos que consumiram 0 e 12 mg de dicromato e probiótico, mas dos demais animais a creatinina e uréia sérica aumentou significativamente (p<0,05) juntamente com as doses crescentes de dicromato estudadas em ambos os tratamentos experimentais. Os ratos dos tratamentos DK e DK+P apresentaram degeneração hidrópica nos túbulos renais em todas as doses estudadas de K2Cr2O7. Os ratos do tratamento DK apresentaram nefrite intersticial. Conclui-se que a suplementação com probiótico foi benéfica para a filtração glomerular nos ratos intoxicados com baixa dose de dicromato de potássio, mas não evitou a degeneração hidrópica tubular nos ratos Wistar intoxicados pelo dicromato de potássio.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Parra.pdf: 726860 bytes, checksum: fe316e1bd808b08f513b45b186081bcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / The objective was to evaluate the effect of probiotic on renal function in intoxicated Wistar rats by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). We used 80 male Wistar rats, that were 21 to 25 days old, randomly divided into two treatments (n = 40 rats/treatment). In the DK treatment the animals consumed 0, 12, 24 and 36 mg of K2Cr2O7 added to the diet and in the DK+P treatment the rats consumed 0, 12, 24 and 36 mg of K2Cr2O7 in the diet with 0.2% probiotic. Those animals consumed their respective diets for 90 days, then, they were euthanized by exsanguination and blood samples were taken to evaluate serum creatinine and urea levels and histopathological analysis of the kidneys were realized. Serum creatinine levels in the DK+P treatment was significantly (p<0.05) lower in relation to the DK treatment in all dichromate doses analyzed. Serum urea levels did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the DK and DK+P treatments. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in serum creatinine and urea concentrations in the rats that consumed 0 and 12 mg of dichromate and probiotic, but in the other animals serum creatinine and urea increased significantly (p<0.05) along with increasing doses of the dichromate in both experimental treatments. The rats in DK and DK+P treatments showed hydropic degeneration in renal tubules at all doses of K2Cr2O7. The DK treatment rats showed interstitial nephritis. It was concluded that supplementation with the probiotic was beneficial for glomerular filtration in rats intoxicated with low doses of potassium dichromate, but did not prevent the tubular hydropic degeneration in Wistar rats intoxicated by potassium dichromate. / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de probiótico na função renal de ratos Wistar intoxicados por dicromato de potássio (K2Cr2O7). Utilizou-se 80 ratos Wistar, machos com 21 a 25 dias, divididos aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos (n=40 ratos/tratamento). No tratamento DK os animais consumiram 0, 12, 24 e 36 mg de K2Cr2O7 adicionado na dieta e o tratamento DK+P os ratos consumiram 0, 12, 24 e 36 mg de K2Cr2O7 na dieta com 0,2% de probiótico. Esses animais consumiram suas respectivas dietas durante 90 dias, foram eutanasiados por exsanguinação e colhidas amostras de sangue para realização de dosagem sérica de creatinina e uréia e realizou-se nos rins análise histopatológico. A creatinina sérica do tratamento DK+P foi significativamente (p<0,05) menor em relação ao tratamento DK em todas as doses de dicromato estudadas. A uréia sérica não diferiu significativamente (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos DK e DK+P. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na concentração sérica de creatinina e uréia dos ratos que consumiram 0 e 12 mg de dicromato e probiótico, mas dos demais animais a creatinina e uréia sérica aumentou significativamente (p<0,05) juntamente com as doses crescentes de dicromato estudadas em ambos os tratamentos experimentais. Os ratos dos tratamentos DK e DK+P apresentaram degeneração hidrópica nos túbulos renais em todas as doses estudadas de K2Cr2O7. Os ratos do tratamento DK apresentaram nefrite intersticial. Conclui-se que a suplementação com probiótico foi benéfica para a filtração glomerular nos ratos intoxicados com baixa dose de dicromato de potássio, mas não evitou a degeneração hidrópica tubular nos ratos Wistar intoxicados pelo dicromato de potássio.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a prevalent and significant problem whose primary treatment is supportive care. Ischemic preconditioning is a strategy used to protect organs from ischemic injury via a prior injury. Ischemic preconditioning in the kidneys has been shown to confer protection onto kidneys from subsequent ischemic insults with attenuated serum creatinine values in treated rats. In the preconditioned kidneys, the enzyme IDH2 was discovered to be upregulated in the mitochondria. Hydrodynamic fluid delivery to the kidney was found to be a viable technique for delivering this gene to the kidney, resulting in artificially upregulated expression of IDH2. Via a two-pronged effort to discern the functional significance of ischemic preconditioning and hydrodynamic IDH2 fluid injections, we performed mitochondrial oxygen respiration assays on both preconditioned and injected kidneys. We found that renal ischemic preconditioning resulted in no significant difference between sham and preconditioned, subsequently injured kidneys, which is similar to the results from the serum creatinine studies. Hydrodynamically IDH2-injected, and subsequently injured kidneys respire significantly better than vehicle injected, and subsequently injured kidneys, which shows that hydrodynamic injections of IDH2 protects kidneys against injury, and partially mimics the effects of preconditioning.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cART on renal function and assess the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk factors in a black rural HIV-positive population in Limpopo Province, Mankweng district. We have conducted a cross-sectional study which included both male and female cART-treated patients (n=84), cART-naïve patients (n=27) and HIV-negative controls (n=44). We have measured biomarkers of renal function (plasma cystatin C, clusterin, retinol binding protein 4 [RBP4]) and determined the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration formula (CKD-EPI). We have also measured blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The prevalence of renal dysfunction was similar among the study groups. A significant difference in RBP4 was found among the groups after controlling for covariates (age, gender, alcohol consumption, BMI, systolic blood pressure and FBG) (F (2, 146) = [4.479], p=0.010). The significant difference in RBP4 was specifically observed between the cART-treated and cART-naïve groups (p=0.008). Cystatin C, clusterin and eGFR were not significantly different among the study groups after controlling for the covariates. The cardiovascular risk factors age (β=0.207; p=0.039), CD4+ T-cell count (β=-0.236; p=0.040), and duration of cART (β=0.232; p=0.043) were independently associated with cystatin C. The use of cART independently associated with RBP4 (β=0.282; p=0.004). Age (β=-0.363; p=0.001), CD4+ T-cell count (β=0.222; p=0.034) and duration of cART (β=-0.230; p=0.034) independently associated eGFR. Renal dysfunction is common in this HIV-positive population, with similar rates as the HIV-negative population. Plasma cystatin C as a promising alternative renal biomarker need to be re-evaluated in this HIV-positive population. RBP4 may be a more promising renal function biomarker in the HIV-positive population. Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with renal dysfunction in this rural HIV-positive population and CD4+ T-cell count may be an independent predictor for renal function.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Polycystic kidney diseases (PKD) are genetic disorders characterized by fluid filled cysts in the kidney tubules and liver bile ducts. There are two forms of PKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The focus of the studies in this thesis has been on ADPKD. The disease progresses slowly and the fluid-filled cysts grow in size due to increased rates of cell proliferation and fluid secretion into the cyst lumen. The expanding cysts compromise the normal kidney function and result in a decrease of renal function to the point of end-stage renal failure in midlife. Cyst enlargement is due, at least in part, to chloride secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. Currently therapy is limited to renal cyst aspiration, dialysis, and eventually renal transplantation after organ failure, thus it has critical to determine possible drug therapies for the treatment of PKD. Previous studies showed that cyst fluid caused a secretory response in cells lining the cysts. We hypothesized that once the cyst have expanded and become so large that they burst or leak, which could also occur due to renal injury or aging, the cyst fluid may stimulate additional cyst growth. Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) was determined to be the active component of human cyst fluid, and we investigated the LPA stimulated signaling pathway. Our data suggest that the LPA stimulates chloride and fluid secretion by a combination of CFTR and Calcium-Activated chloride channels (CaCC) and that the two channels may functionally be linked to each other. The secretion is not occurring through a cAMP stimulated pathway, and it is possible that TMEM16A, a CaCC, plays a larger role than previously expected. Previous studies demonstrated that PPARγ agonists, insulin sensitizing drugs used to treat diabetes, inhibit chloride secretion by the collecting duct principal cells by decreasing CFTR synthesis. It was logical therefore to considered PPARγ agonists as long-term treatment for PKD. The first preclinical studied showed that high (20 mg/kg BW) dose pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, inhibited cyst growth in the PCK rat model, a slow progressing model, of PKD. To continue to look at the effects of the PPARγ agonists another preclinical study was completed, which tested if there was a class action of PPARγ agonists and if a lower dose was effective in treating the cystic burden. Using the PCK rat model, and another PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, a 24 week study was completed using 3 doses (4, 0.4, and 0.04 mg/kg BW). 4 mg/kg BW rosiglitazone is analogous to 20 mg/kg BW pioglitazone. The data indicated that the rosiglitazone is effective in lowering the cystic burden, and importantly the low dose proved to be effective. An additional rat model, the W-WPK rapidly progressing model was used to determine efficacy across multiple models, and to determine if there was a way to track the progress of the disease in a manner analogous to that used in human patients. The animals were treated with pioglitazone using 2 doses (2 and 20 mg/kg BW), and were imaged using CT scans to track the progress of the disease. The data suggest that pioglitazone was not as effective in the W-WPK rat model as it was the PCK rat model. There was a trend however, that low dose PPARγ agonist was as effective ad high dose. Even more important, the CT scans proved to be an effective way to track the progress of the disease in animal models.

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of compliance behavior. Since compliance among dialysis patients increases survival rate, it is important for social workers to identify patients who are at risk of noncompliance.

Introduction : Les modèles murins sont grandement utilisés dans l’étude des maladies rénales et des pathologies associées. La concentration de la créatinine sérique est un bon indicateur de la filtration glomérulaire et en présence d’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC), les concentrations de créatinine sérique (et la clairance) reflètent la sévérité de l’IRC. De plus, il a été démontré que l’IRC modifie le métabolisme des médicaments en diminuant l’activité et l’expression des enzymes hépatiques du cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Afin d’étudier la modulation du P450 par l’IRC avec un modèle murin et de confirmer nos résultats chez le rat, nous devons 1) développer un modèle d’IRC chez la souris, 2) mettre au point une technique de dosage des marqueurs de l’IRC et, 3) évaluer l’expression protéique du CYP450 en présence IRC. Matériel et Méthode : Trois modèles chirurgicaux d’IRC chez la souris ont été développés. Une méthode du dosage de la créatinine par chromatographie liquide à haute performance (CLHP) a été mise au point chez la souris et l’expression protéique du P450 a été mesurée par immunobuvardage de type Western. Résultats : Plusieurs paramètres de CLHP comme le pH, la concentration et le débit de la phase mobile modifient le pic d’élution et le temps de rétention de la créatinine. Concernant le modèle expérimental, on observe une perte de poids et une augmentation de la concentration plasmatique de la créatinine chez les souris avec une IRC. De plus, l’expression protéique de plusieurs isoformes du cytochrome P450 est modulée par l’IRC. Nous observons une diminution du CYP 2D de 42% (p < 0,01), du CYP 3A11 de 60% et du CYP 1A de 37% (p <0,01) par rapport aux souris témoins. On ne dénote aucun changement significatif au niveau de l’isoforme 2E1. Conclusion : Il est possible d’induire une insuffisance rénale chronique chez la souris suite à une néphrectomie. La technique de dosage de la créatinine par CLHP est précise et exacte et permet de caractériser la sévérité de l’IRC chez la souris. L’expression protéique du CYP450 est régulée à la baisse dans le foie des souris atteintes d’IRC. / Background: Mice models are widely used in renal studies. Seric creatinine concentration is used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate and is a good marker of chronic renal failure (CRF). It has been shown that CRF diminishes drug metabolism in the rat because of a downregulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms. To study CYP450 regulation in the mouse model, we needed to 1) develop a model of CRF in the mouse, 2) define a method of dosage of CRF markers, and 3) evaluate CYP450 protein expression in the liver of mice with CRF. Methods: Models of CRF were tested and sub-total nephrectomy was selected because of the efficacy and reproducibility to induce CRF. A high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the dosage of creatinine in mice sera was developed. Liver protein expression of CYP1A1, CYP3A11, CYP2D and CYP2E1 was assessed by Western Blot analysis. Results: HPLC parameters such as pH, mobile phase concentration and flow rate modified the elution profile. Weight loss and high seric creatinine concentrations are seen in mice with CRF. Furthermore, protein expression of CYP1A, CYP3A11 and CYP2D was decreased in liver microsomes of mice with CRF by 37%, 60% and 42%, respectively (p<0.01) compared to sham-operated mice. We found no significant difference in the expression of CYP2E1. Conclusions: CRF models are reproducible in the mouse. The HPLC method for creatinine determination is precise and accurate, and can assess the severity of CRF. Hepatic protein expression of CYP450 is modulated in presence of CRF as in the rat.