O objetivo desta dissertação foi estimar a exigência de lisina (Lis) para frangos de corte machos Cobb x Cobb 500 de 1 a 12 dias de idade (experimento 1), 12 a 28 dias de idade (experimento 2) e 28 a 42 dias de idade (experimento 3). Dietas basais foram formuladas para atingir ou exceder as exigências nutricionais, com exceção da Lis. Cinco níveis de Lis foram suplementados às dietas basais a partir de L-Lis HCl ou sulfato de L-Lis de modo que os níveis variaram de 0,97% a 1,37% de Lis digestível no experimento 1, 0,77% a 1,17% de Lis digestível no experimento 2 e 0,68% a 1,08% de Lis digestível no experimento 3 em incrementos de 0,08%. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 8 repetições de 25 aves. Em cada experimento, 2200 aves foram alojadas em 88 unidades experimentais. Nos dias 1 e 12 (experimento 1), 12 e 28 (experimento 2) e 28 e 42 (experimento 3) as aves e a ração foram pesadas para determinar o ganho de peso (GP) e conversão alimentar (CA). No experimento 3, quatro aves por unidade experimental foram abatidas para determinação do rendimento de carcaça e peito. A biodisponibilidade relativa (RBV) das fontes de Lis foi avaliada através de uma regressão multivariada e comparada pelo teste t. A exigência de Lis foi estimada por três modelos de regressão: polinomial quadrática, brokenline linear e broken-line quadrática. A exigência foi representada como 95% do ponto de máxima resposta. Não houve diferença entre a RBV da Lis no sulfato de L-Lis em relação ao L-Lis HCl, portanto ambas as fontes foram utilizadas para estimar as exigências. As exigências encontradas variaram de acordo com o modelo estatístico e a variável analisada. A regressão broken-line quadrática apresentou o melhor ajustamento aos dados de desempenho, enquanto a regressão broken-line linear se ajustou melhor aos dados de rendimento de carcaça e peito. As regressões polinomial quadrática, broken-line linear e broken-line quadrática estimaram, respectivamente, as exigências como 1,190, 1,032 e 1,101% para GP e 1,226, 1,038 e 1,124% para CA no experimento 1; 1,021, 0,900 e 0,961% para GP e 1,064, 0,966 e 1,043% para CA no experimento 2; 0,949, 0,833 e 0,925% para GP, 0,978, 0,851 e 0,960% para CA, 0,933, 0,842 e 0,931% para rendimento de carcaça e 0,952, 0,839 e 0,921% para rendimento de peito no experimento 3. Os resultados demonstraram que as exigências de Lis foram consideravelmente influenciadas pelas diferentes regressões. Portanto, a escolha do modelo estatístico é crítica para a obtenção de estimativas precisas e coerentes. / The objective of this thesis was to estimate lysine (Lys) requirement of male Cobb x Cobb 500 broilers from 1 to 12 days of age (experiment 1), 12 to 28 days of age (experiment 2), and 28 to 42 days of age (experiment 3). Basal diets were formulated to meet or exceed recommendations, except for Lys. Five graded levels of Lys were supplemented from L-Lys HCl or L-Lys sulfate to the basal diets. Dietary treatments ranged from 0.97% to 1.37% digestible Lys in experiment 1, 0.77% to 1.17% digestible Lys in experiment 2, and 0.68% to 1.08% digestible Lys in experiment 3 in 0.08% increments. Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with 8 repetitions of 25 birds each. A total of 2,200 birds per experiment were placed in 88 experimental units. At 1 and 12 days (experiment 1), 12 and 28 days (experiment 2), and 28 and 42 days (experiment 3), birds and feed were weighed to determine body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In experiment 3, four birds per experimental unit were processed for carcass and breast meat yield evaluation. Relative bioavailability (RBV) of Lys sources was assessed by a multivariate regression and compared by a t-test. Lysine requirement was estimated using three regression models: quadratic polynomial, linear broken-line, and quadratic broken-line. Requirements were represented as 95% of the asymptote. No difference was observed in Lys RBV in L-Lys sulfate compared to L-Lys HCl, thus both sources were used to estimate requirements. Requirement estimates varied according to statistic model and analyzed variable. Quadratic broken-line model presented the best fit to performance data (BWG and FCR), whereas linear broken-line model fitted better to carcass and breast meat yield data. Quadratic polynomial, linear broken-line, and quadratic brokenline estimates were, respectively, 1.190, 1.032, and 1.101% for BW gain and 1.226, 1.038, and 1.124% for FCR in experiment 1; 1.021, 0.900, and 0.961% for BW gain and as 1.064, 0.966, and 1.043% for FCR in experiment 2; and 0.949, 0.833, 0.925% for BW gain, 0.978, 0.851, and 0.960% for FCR, 0.933, 0.842, and 0.931% for carcass yield, and 0.952, 0.839, and 0.921% for breast meat yield in experiment 3. Results demonstrate that Lys requirements were considerably influenced by different regression models. Therefore, the choice of statistical model is crucial to obtain precise, coherent estimates.

Com o crescimento da importância do setor financeiro no mundo globalizado, instituiram-se os Acordos de Basiléia para a regulamentação do Sistema Financeiro Internacional. Tais acordos apresentam uma série de alterações no sistema financeiro nacional e têm prazo para sua implantação. O presente estudo visa verificar a nova metodologia de cálculo do Patrimônio de Referência (PR) nos bancos brasileiros, bem como os possíveis impactos que as exigências do acordo, considerando as alterações trazidas pelo Acordo de Basiléia III, podem ocasionar para os bancos. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa com dados de 45 instituições financeiras brasileiras e estimou-se o impacto da implementação da nova metodologia de cálculo comparando-se a situação atual reportada pelos bancos. O resultado obtido é que a implementação das mudanças geraria impacto positivo para a robustez do sistema financeiro nacional. / With the growing importance of the financial sector in a globalized world, the Basel Accords were instituted to regulatethe International Financial System.Those accords feature a series of changes on the national financial system and have deadlines for implementation. This study aims to verify the new methodology of Equity Requirement calculation on Brazilian banks, as well as the possible impacts of the accord’s requirements, considering the changes introduced by Basel Accord III.For such, a quantitative research was performed with data from 45 Brazilian financial institutions, and the impact of the implementation of the new methodology in comparison with the current methodology was estimated. The result is that the implementation of the changes would cause a positive impact on the solidity of the national financial system.

Jobs arriving over time must be non-preemptively processed on one of m parallel machines, each of which running at its own speed, so as to minimize a weighted sum of the job completion times. In this on-line environment, the processing requirement and weight of a job are not known before the job arrives. The Weighted Shortest Processing Requirement (WSPR) on-line heuristic is a simple extension of the well known WSPT heuristic, which is optimal for the single machine problem without release dates. We prove that the WSPR heuristic is asymptotically optimal for all instances with bounded job processing requirements and weights. This implies that the WSPR algorithm generates a solution whose relative error approaches zero as the number of jobs increases. Our proof does not require any probabilistic assumption on the job parameters and relies extensively on properties of optimal solutions to a single machine relaxation of the problem. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

<p>När Försvarsmakten beställer materiel från Försvarets Materielverk sker detta genom kravdokumentet Teknisk, Taktisk, Ekonomisk målsättning (TTEM). Dokumentet skall spegla de krav som finns på systemets alla aspekter. Inom Försvarsmakten är det de materielsystemansvariga på högkvarterets produktionsledning som ansvarar för framtagandet. Processen för framtagande innehåller ett antal moment som skall genomföras.</p><p>Det är om framtagandeprocessen och dess ingående moment som är denna uppsats ämne. Syftet är att undersöka och utvärdera processen och om möjligt föreslå förbättringsåtgärder. Uppsatsen är uppdelad i en undersökning för att titta hur processen ser ut, samt en utvärdering för att se hur den fungerar i verkligheten. För att genomföra syftet finns ett antal verktyg beskrivna för att kunna mäta kvaliteten och processens funktion.</p><p>Resultatet visar att framtagandet av målsättningsdokumenten idag upplevs på ett flertal olika sätt, några av de materielsystemansvariga är negativa, andra aktörer mer positiva. Ett antal förbättringsförslag redovisas slutligen, dessa är främst inriktade på en förenkling av processen för att minska tidsåtgången och förenkla för dem som nyttjar processen.</p> / <p>When the Swedish Armed Forces orders equipment from the Swedish Defence Materiel agency they are using a structured document known as a technical, tactical, economic requirements document(TTEM). This document shall display all the necessary requirements of the equipments all aspects. Within the armed forces it is the officer responsible for each materiel system situated in the armed forces headquarters production department that produces the document. This process contains a number of activities that shall be done.</p><p>This essay is about this process and the activities within it. The purpose is to investigate and evaluate the process and if possible suggest improvements. The essay is divided into different parts, one is to investigate how the process is structured, and the other is how it operates in a daily life. To fulfill the purpose there are theories explained to measure the functionality and the quality of the process.</p><p>The results shows that the process is seen upon in a number of ways, some are negative, some are more positive. A number of improvements are suggested, mainly to simplify the process in order to reduce time and simplify work for the users</p>

När Försvarsmakten beställer materiel från Försvarets Materielverk sker detta genom kravdokumentet Teknisk, Taktisk, Ekonomisk målsättning (TTEM). Dokumentet skall spegla de krav som finns på systemets alla aspekter. Inom Försvarsmakten är det de materielsystemansvariga på högkvarterets produktionsledning som ansvarar för framtagandet. Processen för framtagande innehåller ett antal moment som skall genomföras. Det är om framtagandeprocessen och dess ingående moment som är denna uppsats ämne. Syftet är att undersöka och utvärdera processen och om möjligt föreslå förbättringsåtgärder. Uppsatsen är uppdelad i en undersökning för att titta hur processen ser ut, samt en utvärdering för att se hur den fungerar i verkligheten. För att genomföra syftet finns ett antal verktyg beskrivna för att kunna mäta kvaliteten och processens funktion. Resultatet visar att framtagandet av målsättningsdokumenten idag upplevs på ett flertal olika sätt, några av de materielsystemansvariga är negativa, andra aktörer mer positiva. Ett antal förbättringsförslag redovisas slutligen, dessa är främst inriktade på en förenkling av processen för att minska tidsåtgången och förenkla för dem som nyttjar processen. / When the Swedish Armed Forces orders equipment from the Swedish Defence Materiel agency they are using a structured document known as a technical, tactical, economic requirements document(TTEM). This document shall display all the necessary requirements of the equipments all aspects. Within the armed forces it is the officer responsible for each materiel system situated in the armed forces headquarters production department that produces the document. This process contains a number of activities that shall be done. This essay is about this process and the activities within it. The purpose is to investigate and evaluate the process and if possible suggest improvements. The essay is divided into different parts, one is to investigate how the process is structured, and the other is how it operates in a daily life. To fulfill the purpose there are theories explained to measure the functionality and the quality of the process. The results shows that the process is seen upon in a number of ways, some are negative, some are more positive. A number of improvements are suggested, mainly to simplify the process in order to reduce time and simplify work for the users

In this Bachelor's thesis the result from a Delphi study regarding FRBR, performed by Yin Zhang and Athena Salaba in 2007 and published in 2009 – What is next for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records? A Delphi study – is analyzed by qualitatively interviewing professionals active within the library and information science field in Sweden. The results are compared and possible deviations and adjustments are illuminated and discussed. The purpose of the thesis is to determine the topicality of the Delphi study in 2011 from a Swedish perspective. Conclusions made from the thesis shows that the main areas are still the same, but adjustments regarding the relative order of issues might be needed; primarily a shift of focus from theoretical to practical issues. More specifically, a focus on user aspects, user studies and authority work is needed.

The main objective of this thesis is to introduce a four perspectives structure in order to provide one solution for traceability and dependability in the system design phase. The traceability between different perspectives help engineers have a clear picture of the whole system before goes to the real implementation.  Fuel Level Display system from Scania Truck is used to undertake as a case study to offer insights of the approach. A four perspectives structure is made in the first place in order to analysis traceability between different viewpoints. After implementing the Fuel Level Display system in Modelica, a verification scenario is specified to perform a complete requirement verification process for system design against requirements.

How to create, classify, store and share the external and internal knowledge effectively will be the main competitive advantages of a company in the new era of knowledge economy. It is extremely important to the software industry, an industry that is highly intensive in both knowledge and human power. Requirement Analysis is the first phase in software development process and is an important development base for the other phases. Therefore, it becomes the key success factor for a software product. This paper proposes a requirement construction procedure. First, it expresses the users' important requirements through requirement capture and requirement transformation process, with related tables and interface blueprints. Secondly, it transforms the interface blueprints into abstract templates and meta-templates based on the abstraction of the interface blueprints through the requirement structure analysis procedure. Based on these templates and meta-templates, it can create a knowledge management framework using the special features of objects and encapsulation. Then, the requirement-knowledge is able to be stored, integrated and reused effectively. Lastly, this paper uses the ERP of steel industry in a software company as an example. It applies the knowledge modeling process of requirement analysis by a case demonstrated in practice. The result of this research provides the tables and templates for a company to create a requirement analysis knowledge management system. This system may help analysts to analyze requirements, and hopefully, reduce the time in software development and enhance the quality of software products.

Loyalty program, which is to encourage frequent purchasing and to maintain customer long-term relationships, has become a key marketing tool in various industries. The framework of the program is to provide reward incentives based on the cumulative purchases for certain products or services. Researches show that the cost of customer retention is approximately six times lower than that of customer acquisition. Although the importance of such program rises, few researches are made related to the topic. Thus, this study is aimed at exploring the relationships between loyalty effort requirement and reward incentives in order to provide better and more efficient loyalty programs for enterprises. The effects of effort requirement on consumer preferences towards loyalty program rewards are evaluated. In addition, monetary cost acts as moderator is added in to examine the moderating effect. A 2x2 between-subject experimental design with approximately 259 sampling subjects is adopted in the study and the results are analyzed by One-Way ANOVA aided by SPSS software. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Increasing the effort requirement of loyalty programs will increase consumer preference for hedonic rewards rather than utilitarian rewards. The reason for this is that long streams of effort required for loyalty programs may serve as reasons to justify and reduce the guilt for hedonic rewards selections and consumptions. (2) When monetary costs are added to loyalty programs, no matter at low or high effort requirements, consumer preferences for hedonic rewards will decrease and in contract, preferences for utilitarian rewards will increase. (3) When monetary costs are added to loyalty programs, increasing the effort requirement of loyalty programs will not increase consumer preference for hedonic rewards. This may due to the strong monetary costs effect on the sampling subjects that ends up easing the effect of result one. Four marketing implementations for this study could be drawn. First, utilitarian rewards are more appropriate as loyalty program incentives than hedonic rewards. Marketers could provide more utilitarian rewards in loyalty programs as incentives to attract more participants. Second, as loyalty program effort requirement increases, hedonic rewards could be added in the reward mix to attract consumers. Third, loyalty program, which provide rewards by accumulative effort rather than money expenditure, may serve as a justification for hedonic rewards consumption. Thus, hedonic rewards could serve as promotion tool for high effort requirement loyalty programs. Finally, when monetary costs are added to loyalty programs, marketers could weight more utilitarian rewards in reward mix regardless effort requirement levels.

The completeness and correctness of requirement modeling is the crucial factor that affecting the success of the system development. Use case diagram is the standard tool for modeling the use requirement for the objected-oriented systems analysis and design. However, to model the sequence diagram in the platform independent model (PIM) stage is still not a straightforward task to identify objects, operations and their relationships from the use case diagram. Robustness analysis has been proposed to bridge this gap between the user requirement modeling and the PIM modeling. However, the detailed guideline for the robustness analysis is lacking, while it is important for designer to enhance the completeness and correctness of the user requirement modeling. To alleviate the forgoing problem, we proposed that use case diagram, activity diagram and robustness diagram are used to represent the use requirement. Once a use case diagram is constructed, the activity diagram is used to describe the activity flow and the associated input/output of each use case. Finally, the robustness analysis with the guideline proposed is used to help the identification of boundary, control, and entity objects and enhance the completeness of the user requirement. The outcome can then be used to construct a sequence diagram in the PIM. A real-world case is presented to illustrate the feasibility of using the proposed method. With this methodology, the system developer can enhance the completeness and correctness of user requirement efficiently and thereby reduce the risk of success development failure.