O uso do solo residencial se apresenta em diferentes padrões espaciais que emergem em função de fatores sociais, econômicos, culturais, étnicos, ambientais, entre outros. A análise da relação entre a localização residencial e a forma urbana permite avançar na compreensão desses padrões. Determinados atributos espaciais de uma localização promovem uma diferenciação espacial que é valorizada e apro-priada diferentemente pelos diferentes grupos sociais. Esse processo de diferencia-ção e apropriação espacial é comandado principalmente pelas classes de alta renda que possuem o poder de adquirir as localizações desejadas e condicionam a locali-zação das outras classes sociais na cidade. Esta dissertação busca através da aná-lise espacial verificar a relevância para a localização de habitações em edifícios mul-tifamiliares de alta renda de alguns atributos espaciais. O trabalho aplica uma meto-dologia baseada na análise espacial que inclui modelos configuracionais, mais es-pecificamente os Modelos de Centralidade e de Oportunidade Espacial (KRAFTA, 2014). Essa abordagem foi testada através do desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso na cidade de Porto Alegre. O trabalho utiliza como fonte de dados para repre-sentar as habitações em edifícios multifamiliares de alta renda uma amostra do ca-dastro do Imposto sobre a Transmissão de Bens Imóveis (ITBI) fornecidos pela Pre-feitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. Os atributos espaciais selecionados e analisados são: concentração espacial, localização em sítios elevados, afastamento de vias de fluxo intenso, proximidade a atividade comercial e privilégio locacional em relação a equipamentos da cidade (shoppings centers e parques urbanos). Os resultados obti-dos sugerem que, para o caso de Porto Alegre, as habitações em edifícios multifami-liares de alta renda estão em localizações privilegiadas em relação aos atributos es-paciais explorados na pesquisa. A metodologia utilizada demonstrou ser eficaz para a exploração do tema, contribuindo para o conhecimento e a análise espacial das localizações residenciais. / The residential land use is present in different spatial patterns that emerge in function of factors social, economic, cultural, ethnic, and environmental, among oth-ers. The analysis of the relationship between residential location and urban form al-lows to advance in the understanding of these patterns. Certain spatial attributes of a location promote a spatial differentiation that is valued and appropriate differentially by social groups. This process of spatial differentiation and spatial allocation is main-ly commanded by high-income classes that have the power to acquire the desired locations and condition the location of other social classes in the city. This disserta-tion search through a spatial analysis to verify the relevance of some spatial attributes to the residential location of the dwellings in multi-family buildings of high-income. The study applies a methodology based on spatial analysis that includes configurational models, but specifically the models of Centrality and Spatial Opportu-nity, this approach was tested by developing a case study in the city of Porto Alegre. The study uses as a data source to represent the dwellings in multi-family buildings of high-income one sample of database of the Tax on the Transfer of Real Estate provided by the city of Porto Alegre. The spatial attributes selected and analyzed are: spatial concentration, location in places with high altitudes, distancing of high flow streets, proximity to commercial activity and locational privilege in relation to city equipment (shopping centers and city parks). The results suggest that, in the case of Porto Alegre, the dwellings in multi-family buildings of high-income classes are in pri-vileged locations relative spatial attributes explored in the survey. The applied me-thodology has proved to be effective for the explored theme, contributing to the spa-tial analysis of residential locations.

Os modelos clássicos de economia urbana, que tencionam descrever a estrutura espacial e de preços de residências das cidades, são, em grande parte, focados nos custos de transporte, o que acaba dando grande ênfase à distância ao local de trabalho. A acessibilidade a outras amenidades é o âmago de diversos trabalhos recentes, entre essas a distância à praia. O alto valor de lotes à beira mar nas cidades litorâneas brasileiras e a crescente demanda por lazer sugerem que a acessibilidade e a vista para a praia estão fortemente relacionadas com o preço da moradia. O modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho aspira explicar a ligação entre a demanda por recreação e o custo da moradia em cidades litorâneas. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto são discutidos diversos aspectos entre eles a acessibilidade ao local de trabalho, o número de trabalhadores de uma família e diferentes preferências entre estes. / The classical models of urban economics tend to describe the spatial structure of housing as well as their pricing in urban areas. Therefore, they focus on the cost of transportation by giving emphasis toward the distance to the working place. The accessibility of other amenities, e.g. beaches, is at the centre of various recent papers. High prices for real estate close to the seashore in coastal Brazilian cities and the rising demand for leisure time imply that reachability and a view to the beach are strongly linked with the housing price. The model that is going to be developed in this paper aims at explaining the connection between the demand for leisure and the housing prices of coastal cities. In order to achieve this goal, different topics like the accessibility to the working place, the number of working family members and their different kinds of preferences are going to be treated.

No description available.

<p>This thesis examines the relationship between migration, residential location, and commute distance within Toronto‟s commuter shed. The study utilizes data from the master file of the 2006 Canadian Census. This master file contains the previous residential locations of recent migrants, thus allowing migrants to be disaggregated by duration of residence. Multivariate regressions indicate that living in the most accessible rural areas and being a recent migrant are significantly associated with longer commutes. Furthermore, the Canadian Census distinguishes between those who migrated in the year immediately prior to the Census, and those who migrated one to five-years prior to the Census date. Findings demonstrate that the commute distance of very recent migrants (those who migrated in the year immediately prior to the census) have the longest commute distances. As residential duration increases, commute distance decreases.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

This thesis contains explanations about the reasons why residents prefer apartment housing to low rise housing far away from the central business district. And it also investigates the facts that affect residents&rsquo / and producers&rsquo / apartment housing choice. As a dominant housing provision type, apartment housing is produced every location in urban space in Ankara. Therefore the study begins with investigating the formation and growth of apartment housing in Ankara by introducing spatial variation of apartment housing. With the help of building and population censuses, distribution of 400 quarters in the Greater Ankara Municipality borders with respect to building and population density, building features, share of apartment housing and average number of storeys are analyzed. FAR values are calculated and analyzed from the CBD to western direction to introduce the change in building densities. Lastly a questionnaire survey is done to find out whether differentiation of building and environment attributes of apartment housing that are produced in different location of urban area are well-matched with their residents&rsquo / preferences. At the end of the analysis differentiation of housing structure of the city clearly comes out. While it is expected that the height of housing structure is decreasing by going far away from the CBD, it is found increasing along certain directions such as western and south-western. However by moving at western direction FAR decreases from 2 to 0,75 which states different characteristics of housing structure even if high average number of storey. As a result apartment housing provisions at different locations offer different lifestyles with their building and environmental characteristics.

Cette thèse se concentre sur l'interdépendance entre les choix de localisation résidentielle et professionnelle. Des questions telles que le processus de prise de décision, l'accessibilité à l'emploi, la répartition géographique des emplois, et le prise de décision collective des conjoints, entre autres, sont analysées en développant des modèles de choix discrets. Dans ce cadre, nous étudions les choix de localisation à partir de deux points de vues complémentaires. (1) Premièrement, nous étudions l'interdépendance entre les deux choix de localisation sans considérer le processus de décision au sein des ménages. Nous développons un modèle logit emboîté à trois niveaux, pour les choix de localisation résidentielle et professionnelle et nous étudions l'effet des mesures d'attractivité et d'accessibilité spécifiques à chaque individu (log-sommes). Les résultats du premier chapitre montrent que l'accessibilité spécifique à chaque individu est un facteur déterminant du choix de localisation résidentielle et que son effet diffère le long du cycle de vie des ménages. L'attractivité des types d'emploi est un meilleur indicateur du choix de localisation professionnelle que le nombre d'emplois. L'évolution des mesures d'attractivité et d'accessibilité aux emplois est analysée dans le deuxième chapitre. (2) Deuxièmement, nous étudions l'interdépendance de la localisation résidentielle et professionnelle au sein du ménage. Cette thèse contribue à la littérature des modèles collectifs en développant un modèle de choix avec processus de négociation au sein des ménages à la Chiappori, pour décrire le choix de localisation résidentielle des ménages bi-actifs. Le dernier chapitre développe et estime un modèle structurel en deux étapes pour faire la part des choses entre le pouvoir de négociation et les valeurs du temps des conjoints. Les résultats montrent que les nationalités du couple, leur niveau d'éducation, ainsi que la différence d'âge entre les conjoints jouent un rôle crucial dans la détermination de pouvoir de négociation. / This thesis studies the interdependency between the choices of residential and workplace location. Issues such as the decision-making process, the accessibility to jobs, the geographical distribution of job types, and the spouses collective decision process, among others, are analyzed with discrete choice models. In this setting, we study the location decisions from two complementary points of view. (1) First, we study the interdependency between the two location choices without any within-household consideration. We develop a three-level nested logit model of residential and workplace location and study the effect of individual-specific attractiveness and accessibility (log-sum) measures. Results presented in the first chapter show that the individual-specific accessibility measure is an important determinant of the choice of residential location and its effect differs along the household life cycle. Additionally, the attractiveness of the types of employment is a better predictor of the workplace location than the usual total number of jobs. We analyze the evolution of the attractiveness and attractivity measures in the second chapter. (2) Second, we study the interdependency of residential location and workplaces within the household. This thesis contributes with a within-household bargaining process model of location decisions. As such, it applies the collectiveapproach à la Chiappori of household behavior to describe residential location choice of two-worker households. The last chapter develops and estimates a two-step structural model to disentangle bargaining powers from spouses' values of time. Results show that the nationalities of the couple, their education level, as well as the age difference between spouses play a crucial role in determining bargaining power.

abstract: Research literature were reviewed regarding the land-use economic theory of bid-rent curves and the modern emergence of polycentric cities. Two independent Geographic Information System (GIS) analyses were completed to test the hypothesis that bid-rent methodology could be used to tease out trends in residential locations, and hence contribute to present-day urban planning efforts. Specifically, these analyses sought to address the relationships between place of work and place of residence in urban areas. A generalizable set of benchmarks for identifying urban employment centers were established for 10 study cities in the United States, and bid-rent curves were calculated under separate monocentric assumptions and polycentric assumptions. The results presented wide variations in real bid-rent curves that a) overall deviated dramatically from the hypothetical distribution of rent, and b) spoke to the unique residential patterns in individual U.S. cities. The implications of these variations were discussed with regard to equitable housing for marginalized groups and access to centers of employment. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.U.E.P. Geography 2014

For a number of years, Canadian immigration selection policy has deliberately emphasized the human capital characteristics of applicants in determining admissibility for permanent residence. Largely due to these measures, Chinese immigrants today are overwhelmingly well-educated and skilled. This thesis examines the role of geography in shaping Chinese newcomers’ post-arrival employment status, with an emphasis on working in the high-tech sector. Given that Ottawa is a leading node of high-tech employment in Canada, this project initially investigates the probability that Chinese newcomers will work in the high-tech sector in Ottawa-Gatineau relative to other cities. The project subsequently examines the degree to which employment in the high-tech sector in Ottawa-Gatineau is related to ethnic, social and demographic characteristics of local spaces where people live and work. All aspects of the study adopt a gender lens with respect to interpreting employment status. The study finds that Chinese immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau are more likely to work in this sector than their counterparts in Vancouver and Toronto. They are also more likely to work in high-tech relative to individuals in other immigrant groups or the Canadian-born population. With respect to co-ethnic residential and work spatial configurations, as well as social and demographic characteristics of residential neighbourhoods, the study finds that these factors exert quite different influences on the likelihood that Chinese women and men will work in Ottawa-Gatineau’s high-tech sector. The results are quite distinctly different for women and men, and underline the importance of a gendered analysis of relationships between geographic location/place and employment status.

No description available.

L'étude des comportements de mobilité est une thématique très peu investie dans les villes d'Afrique subsaharienne. Ces villes sont caractérisées par une croissance urbaine fulgurante avec comme corollaire un étalement spatial, des densités démographiques très élevées et une crise du secteur des transports dominé par les opérateurs artisanaux. Ces dynamiques, qui sont à l'origine de déséquilibres spatiaux, font que l'accès aux aménités urbaines devient très difficile pour les catégories de population les plus pauvres. A Dakar, les options d'aménagement ségrégationnistes prises par les autorités coloniales, l'inefficacité des instruments classiques de planification urbaine ainsi que la dérégulation du marché du foncier et de l'immobilier ont été à la base d'une dynamique de différenciation socio-spatiale. Ce travail de recherche, en faisant usage des méthodes d'analyse multidimensionnelle (Analyse en Composante Principale et Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique) et en se basant sur des enquêtes « ménages-déplacements » originales, se donne pour objectif d'analyser la dynamique ségrégative à Dakar et d'éclairer les liens existants entre la localisation résidentielle des ménages et les comportements de mobilité des individus dans un contexte urbain très changeant / The study of mobility behavior has not been well investigated in Sub-Saharan cities. These cities are characterized by rapid urban growth resulting in sprawl space, very high population densities and a crisis in transport sector which is dominated by craft operators. These dynamics, which are at the origin of spatial imbalances mean that access to urban amenities becomes very difficult for the poorest categories of the population. In Dakar, segregationist territorial management options taken in the past by colonial authorities, the ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of urban planning as well as disregulation of land market and real estate, have created a dynamic socio-spatial differentiation. This research project, by using multivariate analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) is based on original household travel surveys. Our objective is to analyze the dynamics of socio-spatial segregation in Dakar and illuminate the links between residential location and household mobility behavior in a changeable urban context