Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:30:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 459061.pdf: 2282963 bytes, checksum: c9b1fec421065d44d34540a0b1217b0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of Scotchbond Universal to dentin in both total-etch and self-etch applications after storage in water for 24 h and 6 months. The occlusal surface of 24 third molars was removed to obtain flat dentin surfaces, and the teeth were divided into four groups (n=6/grupo): G1 total-etch application of Scotchbond Universal; G2 self-etch application of Scotchbond Universal; G3 Scotchbond Multi Purpose (total-etch application control); G4 Clearfil SE Bond (self-etch application control). Following the adhesive application, a 6 mm height block of composite resin Z250 was built on the adhesive area. After storage in distilled water at 37?C for 24 hours, the tooth/resin sets were cut parallel to the long axis of the tooth, in the x and y directions, with a section of about 0.8 mm2. Forty specimens were obtained for each group; 20 specimens were immediately submitted to microtensile bond strength test, and the others after storage in distilled water at 37o C for 6 months. The microtensile bond strength test was performed in an universal testing machine (EMIC-DL 2000) at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. The failures were observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, two sets of each group were sectioned mesio-distal in the center of their crown with a diamond blade. The surfaces were polished by wet sanding with 400, 600 and 1200-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper, followed by polishing with 6, 3, 1 and ? &#61549;m diamond paste. The samples were demineralized, deproteinized, dried, metalized and observed on a scanning electron microscope at 1.500x. The bond strength means (MPa) obtained were the following: 24 h G1 (39.37); G2 (31.02); G3 (35.09); G4 (35.84); 6 months G1 (36.99); G2 (40.58); G3 (32.44); G4 (41.75). According to two-way ANOVA, there was no significance for adhesive system (p=0,110) and storage time (0,108), but the interaction of adhesive system and storage time was significant (p=0.015). At 24 h, there was no statistical difference in bond strength between the adhesive systems (p>0,05). At 6 months, there was statistical difference between the adhesive systems (p<0.05). Clearfil SE Bond obtained the higher bond strength mean, not differing statistically from self-etch application of Scotchbond Universal. Total-etch application of Scotchbond Universal did not differ statistically from Scotchbond Multi Purpose. Most of failures were mixed in both periods of evaluation. The SEM images of the adhesive interface of Scotchbond Universal total-etch application and Scotchbond Multi Purpose showed thicker hybrid layers and more resin tags in comparison with Scotchbond Universal self-etch application and Clearfil SE Bond. It was concluded that the simplification of Scotchbond Universal in one bottle did not decrease the bond strength of this adhesive to dentin during 6 months of storage. / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resist?ncia de uni?o ? dentina do sistema adesivo Scotchbond Universal na vers?o total-etch e self-etch em 24 horas e 6 meses de armazenamento. A superf?cie oclusal de 24 dentes terceiros molares h?gidos foi removida para obter superf?cie plana em dentina, sendo divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=6/grupo): G1 - Scotchbond Universal na vers?o total-etch; G2 Scotchbond Universal na vers?o self-etch; G3 Scotchbond Multi Purpose (controle da vers?o total-etch); G4 Clearfil SE Bond (controle da vers?o self-etch). Sobre o sistema adesivo foi confeccionado um bloco de 6 mm de altura em resina composta Z250. Ap?s 24 horas de armazenagem em ?gua destilada a 37? C, os conjuntos dente/resina foram cortados paralelamente no longo eixo do dente, nos sentidos x e y, com sec??o de aproximadamente 0,8 mm2. Quarenta corpos de prova foram obtidos para cada grupo, sendo 20 submetidos imediatamente ao teste de resist?ncia ? microtra??o e, os outros 20, ap?s 6 meses de armazenamento em ?gua destilada a 37? C. O ensaio de microtra??o foi realizado em uma m?quina de ensaio universal EMIC DL-2000, com uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os tipos de falha foram observados em microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). Adicionalmente, dois conjuntos dente/resina foram preparados e seccionados no sentido m?sio-distal, no centro de suas coroas, com um disco diamantado de dupla face. As superf?cies foram polidas com lixas de carbeto de sil?cio 400, 600 e 1200, seguido de polimento com pastas diamantadas de granula??o 6, 3, 1 e ? &#61549;m. As amostras foram desmineralizadas, desproteinizadas, secadas, metalizadas e observadas em MEV em aumento de 1.500 vezes. No teste de microtra??o as m?dias obtidas (MPa) foram as seguintes: 24 h G1 (39,37); G2 (31,02); G3 (35,09); G4 (35,84); 6 meses G1 (36,99); G2 (40,58); G3 (32,44); G4 (41,75). De acordo com o teste ANOVA de duas vias n?o houve signific?ncia para o sistema adesivo (p=0,110) e para o tempo (0,108), mas apenas para a intera??o entre sistema adesivo e tempo (p=0,015). No per?odo de 24 horas, n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica significativa na resist?ncia ? microtra??o entre os sistemas adesivos (p>0,05). Na avalia??o de seis meses de armazenamento, houve diferen?a estat?stica entre os sistemas adesivos (p<0,05). O Clearfil SE Bond apresentou o maior valor m?dio de resist?ncia ? microtra??o, n?o diferindo estatisticamente do Scotchbond Universal self-etch e total-etch. O Scotchbond Universal total-etch n?o diferiu estatisticamente do Scotchbond Multi Purpose. Os tipos de falha foram predominantemente mistas para os dois per?odos de avalia??o. A interface adesiva do Scotchbond Universal na vers?o total-etch e o Scotchbond Multi Purpose apresentaram camada h?brida mais espessa e mais tags de resina em compara??o ao Scotchbond Universal na vers?o self-etch e Clearfil SE Bond. Concluiu-se que a simplifica??o em frasco ?nico do Scotchbond Universal n?o causou diminui??o nos valores de resist?ncia de uni?o deste material ? dentina em at? 6 meses de avalia??o.

Les travaux sur la résistance du consommateur fournissent une meilleure compréhension des manifestations et des facteurs situationnels déclenchant ces comportements. Afin d'aller plus loin dans l'identification des caractéristiques du consommateur résistant et des processus psychologiques qui le poussent à agir, nous proposons d'explorer l'existence d'une disposition individuelle stable – la propension à résister du consommateur (PRC) – susceptible d'expliquer la tendance de certains consommateurs à s'opposer à des formes d'influence marchande.L'objectif de cette recherche est donc (1) de proposer une conceptualisation de la propension à résister du consommateur comme variable individuelle centrale explicative du comportement de résistance ; (2) d'en fournir un outil de mesure fiable et valide ; (3) d'en déterminer l'impact sur les comportements de consommation et enfin (4) de tester le rôle différentiel de la situation et de cette variable dans la détermination des comportements de résistance.La mise en œuvre d'une double étude qualitative (focus groups et entretiens individuels) a permis de définir le construit et d'explorer sa dimensionnalité. Une échelle de mesure est ensuite validée sur deux dispositifs d'influence (la publicité et la vente) et confirme l'existence de deux profils de PRC : un profil orienté « confrontation » et un profil orienté « évitement ».Une expérimentation menée auprès de 500 personnes représentatives de la population française met en évidence un lien fort entre le niveau de PRC et les réactions négatives des consommateurs aux sollicitations marchandes. Elle montre que la PRC est un meilleur prédicteur du comportement de résistance dans les situations à faible potentiel de résistance, alors que la situation prédit mieux la résistance lorsque l'intensité de l'influence ou de la manipulation perçue est élevée. Les résultats de cette recherche invitent à considérer deux profils distincts de consommateurs résistants qui appellent des stratégies marketing différenciées. / Current researches on consumer resistance allow a better understanding of the manifestations and situational factors triggering these behaviors. In order to go further in the identification of the psychological processes underlying those behaviors, we propose exploring an individual disposition - consumers' propensity to resist (CPR)-.that may explain the tendency of some consumers to oppose marketers' influenceThe objective of this research is to (1) offer a conceptualization the consumer's propensity to resist the consumer, (2) to provide a reliable and valid measurement tool of this concept, (3 ) to determine the impact of this individual trait on some consumers behaviors and finally (4) to test the differential role of the situation and CPR in determining resistance behaviors.The implementation of a dual qualitative study (focus groups and in-depth interviews) helped to define the construct and explore its dimensionality. A measurement scale is then validated on two mechanisms of influence (advertising and sales) and confirms the existence of two profiles of CPR: a profile linked to “confrontation” and the other linked to “avoidance”.An experiment conducted with 500 people representative of the french population demonstrates a strong link between levels of CPR and negative reactions of consumers to marketers' demands. It shows that CPR is a better predictor of resistant behaviors in situations where the intensity of influence or the perceived manipulation is low, while the situation is a better predictor of resistance when the intensity of the influence or perceived manipulation is high The results of this research invite to consider two distinct profiles of resistant consumers that may deserve differentiated marketing strategies.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-06-29T19:51:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_IVANA_AGNOLETTO_SOUZA_PARCIAL.pdf: 106952 bytes, checksum: 37ca419440e1901deef7a5328ff06ed2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T19:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_IVANA_AGNOLETTO_SOUZA_PARCIAL.pdf: 106952 bytes, checksum: 37ca419440e1901deef7a5328ff06ed2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aim of the study was to evaluate, in vitro, the weakest bond interface in Lava Ultimate onlays luted to the tooth preparation with Single Bond Universal and RelyX Ultimate. The following variables were tested: a) total-etch or the self-etch technique; b) with and without adhesive application on the internal surface of the onlay; c) with and without cyclic loading. Fifty-six Lava Ultimate onlays were milled and luted to the human tooth preparations according to the variables, being formed eight groups (n = 7): G1 and G2 - Single Bond Universal applied in the total-etch mode; G3 and G4 - Single Bond Universal applied in the self-etch mode; G5 and G6 - Single Bond Universal applied in the total-etch mode + adhesive application on the onlay; G7 and G8 - Single Bond Universal in the self-etch mode + adhesive application on the onlay. The onlays were luted with RelyX Ultimate. After storage in distilled water at 37? C for 24 h, only the samples from G2, G4, G6 and G8 were submitted to cyclic loading at 100 N using 1000,000 cycles. Beams with a cross section area of ~0.80 mm2 from all groups were obtained and submitted to a microtensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The types of failure were observed in optical microscope. The microtensile bond strength values were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey?s test (?=0.05). There was a significant interaction between the three factors (p = 0.006).The means followed by the same letter represent no statistical difference for the microtensile bond strength (MPa): G6 = 34.64 (?34.64)a, G1 = 34.48 (?12.58)a, G2 = 31.94 (?9.18) ab, G5 = 30.88 (?6.85)abc, G7 = 26.66 (?8.25)bc, G8 = 24.03 (?7.65)cd, G4 = 18.81 (?4.14)de, G3 = 14.64 (?5.35)e. Most failures were at the resinous agent-restoration interface. It was concluded that the resinous agent-restoration interface corresponds to the weakest interface in Lava Ultimate onlays luted with Single Bond Universal and RelyX Ultimate. The application of Single Bond Universal on the internal surface of the onlay was not a relevant procedure. / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, a interface de uni?o menos resistente de onlays em resina composta Lava Ultimate cimentadas ao preparo dent?rio com Single Bond Universal e RelyX Ultimate, nas seguintes vari?veis: a) aplica??o do sistema adesivo no modo total-etch e self-etch; b) com e sem aplica??o do adesivo na superf?cie interna da onlay; c) sem e com ciclagem mec?nica. Ao total foram fresadas 56 onlays em resina composta Lava Ultimate, sendo cimentadas aos preparos em dentes humanos de acordo com as vari?veis empregadas, sendo formados oito grupos (n=7): G1 e G2 - Single Bond Universal na vers?o total-etch; G3 e G4 - Single Bond Universal na vers?o self-etch; G5 e G6 - Single Bond Universal na vers?o total-etch + adesivo na onlay; G7 e G8 - Single Bond Universal na vers?o self-etch + adesivo na onlay. As onlays foram cimentadas com o cimento resinoso RelyX Ultimate. Ap?s armazenamento em ?gua destilada a 37? C por 24 h, apenas as amostras do G2, G4, G6 e G8 foram submetidas ? ciclagem mec?nica com carga vertical de 100 N na superf?cie oclusal das coroas, totalizando 1.000.000 de ciclos. Todas as restaura??es, de todos os grupos, foram seccionadas nos eixos x e y para obten??o de corpos de prova em forma de palitos, com aproximadamente 0,80 mm2 de sec??o transversal. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de microtra??o na m?quina de ensaio universal EMIC-DL 2000 com velocidade de 0,5 mm/minuto. Os tipos de falha foram observados em microsc?pio ?ptico. Os valores de resist?ncia ? microtra??o foram analisados pela ANOVA de tr?s vias, seguido do teste de Tukey ao n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Houve intera??o significativa entre os tr?s fatores (p=0,006). As m?dias seguidas de mesma letra n?o diferem estatisticamente para a resist?ncia ? microtra??o (MPa): G6 = 34,64 (?34,64)a, G1 = 34,48 (?12,58)a, G2 = 31,94 (?9,18) ab, G5 = 30,88 (?6,85)abc, G7 = 26,66 (?8,25)bc, G8 = 24,03 (?7,65)cd, G4 = 18,81 (?4,14)de, G3 = 14,64 (?5,35)e. A maioria das falhas foram na interface agente resinoso-restaura??o. Conclui-se que a interface agente resinoso/restaura??o corresponde ? interface menos resistente na cimenta??o de onlays em resina composta Lava Ultimate quando empregado o sistema adesivo Single Bond Universal e o cimento resinoso RelyX Ultimate. A aplica??o do adesivo Single Bond Universal na superf?cie interna da restaura??o n?o se mostrou um procedimento relevante.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-08-04T16:52:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_DIEGO_FABRIS_FERREIRA_DA_SILVA_PARCIAL.pdf: 375820 bytes, checksum: 360a10d42cd00d37ac088a725357896a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T16:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_DIEGO_FABRIS_FERREIRA_DA_SILVA_PARCIAL.pdf: 375820 bytes, checksum: 360a10d42cd00d37ac088a725357896a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aim of the study was to evaluate the bond strength of Single Bond Universal adhesive and Adper Scothbond Multi-Purpose adhesive, with and without application of silane, on the feldsphatic ceramic and composite resin. It was always evaluated the bond strength of zirconia primers and a universal adhesive to zirconia ceramic. Sixty feldspathic ceramic samples, 60 composite resin samples and 76 zirconia ceramic samples were embedded in acrylic resin, followed by polishing with 600 and 1200 grit silicon carbide abrasive paper. The ceramic surface was etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid, and the composite resin and zirconia surface were sandblasted with 50 ?m aluminum oxide. The feldspathic and composite resin samples were divided into four groups (n=15) for each material: G1 ? Adper Scothbond Multi-Purpose adhesive (SBMP); G2 ? Silane + SBMP; G3 ? Single Bond Universal (SBU); G4 ? silane + SBU. The zirconia samples were divided into five groups (n=15): G1 ? Single Bond Universal (SBU); G2 ? silane + SBU; G3 - Signum Zirconia Bond; G4 - Z-Prime Plus; G5 - MZ Primer. A cone of composite resin was built on the applied adhesives. The specimens were stored in relative humidity of 100% at 37oC for 48 h, and then submitted to tensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The type of failures was analyzed. The results obtained with feldspathic ceramic and composite resin were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test (?=0,05). Values of bond strength (MPa) followed by different letters are statistically different: Ceramic: G2=21.23a, G4=8.87b, G3=3.24c, G1=2.73c. Composite resin: G2=24.59a, G3=20.91ab, G4=19.77bc, G1=17.00c. The adhesive failures were predominant for ceramic and composite resin, except groups 2 and 4 of the ceramic. The results obtained with zirconia ceramic were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey?s test (?=0.05). Mean values of bond strength (MPa) followed by different letters are statistically different: Ceramic: G2=27.55a, G4=23.71a, G1=22.64a,G5=13.64b, G3=7.54c. The failures were predominantly cohesive in composite resin cone in groups 1, 2 and 4. The failures were predominantly mixed in group 5, and all failures were adhesive in group 3. The application of silane prior to the adhesives provided greater bond strength with feldspathic ceramic. For the composite resin, the prior application of silane was important for SBMP and not for SBU. SBU and Z-Prime Plus provided higher bond strength values to zirconia. The lowest values were obtained with Signum Zirconia Bond, followed by MZ Primer. The use of silane, prior to the SBU, did not significantly increase the bond strength to zirconia ceramic. / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resist?ncia de uni?o do adesivo Single Bond Universal e do adesivo do Adper Scothbond Multi-Purpose, com e sem aplica??o pr?via de silano, sobre a cer?mica feldsp?tica e a resina composta. Tamb?m foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes primers para zirc?nia e de um adesivo universal na resist?ncia de uni?o ? zirc?nia. Sessenta amostras em cer?mica feldsp?tica, 60 amostras em resina composta e 75 amostras em cer?mica de zirc?nia foram inclu?das em resina acr?lica, seguido de polimento com lixas de carbeto de sil?cio de granula??o 600 e 1200. A superf?cie das amostras de cer?mica feldsp?tica foi condicionada com ?cido fluor?drico a 10% por 2 minutos, a superf?cie das amostras de resina composta e zirc?nia foi jateada com ?xido de alum?nio 50 ?m por 5 s. As amostras em cer?mica feldsp?tica e resina composta foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=15) para cada material: G1 ? Adesivo do Adper Scothbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP); G2 ? Silano + SBMP; G3 ? Single Bond Universal (SBU); G4 ? silano + SBU. As amostras em zirc?nia foram divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos (n=15): G1 ? Single Bond Universal (SBU); G2 ? silano + SBU; G3 - Signum Zirconia Bond; G4 - Z-Prime Plus; G5 - MZ Primer. Sobre o material adesivo aplicado na superf?cie das amostras foi constru?do um cone de resina composta. Os corpos de prova foram armazenados em 100% de umidade relativa a 37oC por 48 h e submetidos ao teste de resist?ncia de uni?o ? tra??o em m?quina de ensaio universal com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os tipos de falha foram analisados. Os dados obtidos sobre a cer?mica feldsp?tica e a resina composta foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do teste de Mann-Whitney (?=0,05). Os valores de resist?ncia de uni?o (MPa) seguidos de letras distintas diferem estatisticamente entre si: Cer?mica: G2=21,23a, G4=8,87b, G3=3,24c, G1=2,73c. Resina composta: G2=24,59a, G3=20,91ab, G4=19,77bc, G1=17,00c. As falhas foram predominantemente adesivas para a resina composta e para a cer?mica, com exce??o do grupo 2 da cer?mica. Para a s amostras em zirc?nia, os dados foram submetidos ? ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey (?=0,05). As m?dias de resist?ncia de uni?o (MPa) seguidas de letras distintas diferem estatisticamente entre si: G2=27,55a, G4=23,71a, G1=22,64a, G5=13,64b, G3=7,54c. As falhas foram predominantemente coesivas no cone de resina composta nos grupos 1, 2 e 4. As falhas foram predominantemente mistas no grupo 5 e, no grupo 3, todas as falhas foram adesivas. A aplica??o isolada do silano previamente aos adesivos proporcionou maior resist?ncia de uni?o com a cer?mica feldsp?tica, j? para a resina composta foi importante para o SBMP e n?o foi para o SBU. O SBU e o Z-Prime Plus proporcionaram os maiores valores de resist?ncia de uni?o ? zirc?nia. Os menores valores foram obtidos com o Signum Zirconia Bond, seguido do MZ Primer. O uso de silano previamente ao SBU n?o proporcionou aumento significativo na resist?ncia de uni?o ? zirc?nia.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OldemarRC_TESE.pdf: 3699257 bytes, checksum: 0779dc655c0cadfa72a92f99bc053514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The development of products whose purpose is to promote blockages in high permeability zones as well as to control the hydrate or scale formation also needs some tests in porous media before using the product in the field, where attempts and unavoidable operational errors costs would able to derail any projects. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the Botucatu and Berea sandstones properties, involving problems related to loss permeability. It was observed that even cores of Berea, without expansible clays in their composition had their permeability reduced, as soon as the salinity of brine reached a lower limit. As expected, the same happened with the Botucatu sandstone samples, however, in this case, the sensitivity to low salinity was more pronounced. In a second phase, the research was focused on the Botucatu Sandstone behavior front of dilute polymer solutions injection, checking the main relationships between the Rock / Fluid interactions, considering the Mobility Reduction, Resistance and Residual Resistance Factors, as well as adsorption/desorption processes of these polymers, and the polymer molecules average size and porous sandstone average size ratio. The results for both phases showed a real feasibility of using the Botucatu sandstone in laboratory tests whose objective is the displacement of fluids through porous media / O desenvolvimento de produtos cuja finalidade ? a de promover bloqueios em ?reas de alta permeabilidade, assim como de controladores ou inibidores de corros?o e incrusta??o e de hidratos, tamb?m necessita de estudos no meio poroso, antes de serem empregados em opera??es de campo. Considerando esses aspectos, o presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo compreender melhor a natureza do arenito Botucatu, buscando, na medida do poss?vel: (a) tra?ar compara??es entre o seu comportamento e o comportamento do arenito Berea, o mais popular entre os pesquisadores e (b) considerando sua abund?ncia no Brasil e facilidade de explora??o, refor?ar a possibilidade de seu uso seguro como meio poroso virgem em ensaios de laborat?rio, visando an?lises e qualifica??o de materiais pass?veis de serem usados na ind?stria do petr?leo. Em plugs desse arenito, foram injetadas solu??es aquosas de v?rias salinidades, tendo como ponto de partida a ?gua do mar sint?tica, com o objetivo de se detectar poss?veis altera??es na permeabilidade do arenito devido ? expans?o de argilas ou ? libera??o de part?culas capazes de tamponar definitiva ou temporariamente as gargantas dos poros da rocha, bem como comparar seu comportamento com outros arenitos normalmente utilizados para estudos envolvendo meio poroso. Para tanto, em uma segunda fase, foram utilizados pol?meros regularmente empregados na ind?stria do petr?leo (as poliacrilamidas), onde se procurou verificar se o comportamento desses materiais em solu??o, e n?o mais somente a ?gua, quando empregados no meio poroso representado pelo arenito Botucatu, retratava com fidelidade e seguran?a os resultados reportados na literatura especializada para os meios porosos tradicionais. Os resultados para ambas as fases mostraram uma real viabilidade do emprego do arenito Botucatu em an?lises de laborat?rio cujo objetivo seja o deslocamento em meio poroso

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gislanne Brito Barros.pdf: 2326172 bytes, checksum: 73f275a11542cb2e428f8d2e36262f20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Several diseases caused by different pathogen species can affect the cowpea culture, causing considerable reduction in its productive potential. Among the diseases of large occurrence are the viral illnesses. The viruses caused by the families Comoviridae and Potyviridae, represented by the species Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) respectively, are considered of great importance. Considering the efficiency of the genetic resistance in the control of these diseases, this work was carried out aiming at the obtenttion and characterization cowpea plants with resistance to viruses CPSMV and CABMV, in order to obtain new and essentially derived cultivars. Eight crosses were performed using the line TE 97-309G-9 and the cultivar Patativa as parental donors of resistance to CPSMV and CABMV, and cultivars BR3-Tracuateua, BRS-Urubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba and the landrace Pretinho as recurrent parents. The isolated virus used in the inoculation of F2 and F2RC1 plants were collected in Embrapa Meio-Norte experimental field, and maintained in differential lines. The purity of the isolated was evaluated and confirmed in the Laboratory of Fitovirologia, of Biological Institute, in S?o Paulo. Biparental crosses and triple were made to obtain F1 generations, and then submitted to self pollinated to develop F2 seeds. These F2 plants were inoculated with the mixture of the viruses CPSMV (sorotype I and II) and CABMV. Afterward, the resistant F2 plants were backcrossed with the respective recurrent parent to obtain F1RC1 seeds. The plants of F1RC1 generation were self pollinated to develop F2RC1 seeds. The F2RC1 plants were also inoculated with the same mixture of the viruses, as previously mentioned, and resistant plants were characterized. The following characters were used: number of days to the first flower; pod length; number of seeds per pod; weight of 100 seeds; seed color; and seed yield per plant. The segregation of the F2 generation of biparental crosses and triple and the F2RC1 were analyzed to check the expected frequency of 15 susceptible plants: 1 resistant plant by the ?2 (Qui square) test. All the F2 biparental crosses and F2RC1 backcrosses were adjusted to the expected frequency of 15:1. The characters evaluated in parents and F2RC1 were submitted to statistical analysis. The averages of the resistant plants F2RC1 in each backcross were compared with the average of respective recurrent parent by the t-test and the averages within crosses were compared by the Scott-Knott test. The existence of great genetic variability within and among backcrosses were detected based on all characters. It can be concluded by this study that all backcrosses are promising for obtaining essentially derived cultivars resistant to the viruses CPSMV and CABMV and that the backcrosses who obtained as recurrent parents cultivars BRS-Urubuquara and BRS Novaera are very promising for obtaining new cultivars with multiple resistance to the viruses CPSMV and CABMV. / Diversas doen?as causadas por diferentes esp?cies de pat?genos podem afetar a cultura do feij?o-caupi, promovendo redu??o consider?vel do seu potencial produtivo. Dentre as doen?as de larga ocorr?ncia se destacam as viroses, merecendo maior ?nfase as causadas pelos v?rus das fam?lias Comoviridae e Potyviridae, com as esp?cies Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), respectivamente. Considerando a efici?ncia da resist?ncia gen?tica no controle dessas doen?as, esse trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de obten??o e caracteriza??o de plantas de feij?o-caupi com resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV, visando o desenvolvimento de cultivares essencialmente derivadas e de novas cultivares. Foram realizados oito cruzamentos utilizando a linhagem TE 97-309G-9 e a cultivar Patativa como parentais doadores dos genes de resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV, e as cultivares BR3-Tracuateua, BRSUrubuquara, BRS-Novaera, BRS-Guariba e a cultivar local Pretinho como parentais recorrentes. Os isolados virais usados nas inocula??es das plantas das gera??o F2 e F2RC1 foram coletados no campo experimental da Embrapa Meio-Norte, e mantidos em linhagens diferenciadoras. A pureza dos isolados foi avaliada e confirmada no laborat?rio de Fitovirologia, do Instituto Biol?gico, em S?o Paulo. Cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo foram realizados para a obten??o da gera??o F1 e submetidos ? autofecunda??o para a obten??o de sementes F2. As plantas da gera??o F2 foram inoculadas com a mistura dos v?rus CPSMV (sorotipos I e II) e CABMV. Em seguida, as plantas F2 resistentes foram retrocruzadas com o respectivo parental recorrente para a obten??o de sementes F1RC1. As plantas da gera??o F1RC1 foram autofecundadas para a obten??o de sementes F2RC1. As plantas F2RC1 foram tamb?m inoculadas com a mistura dos v?rus, como mencionado anteriormente e as resistentes foram caracterizadas. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: n?mero de dias para o in?cio da flora??o; comprimento da vagem; n?mero de gr?os por vagem; peso de cem gr?os; produ??o de gr?os por planta. As segrega??es das gera??es F2 dos cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo e F2RC1 foram analisadas pelo teste ?2 (Qui-Quadrado) para verificar a freq??ncia esperada de 15 plantas suscet?veis: 1 planta resistente. Todas as F2 dos cruzamentos biparentais e cruzamento triplo e F2RC1 ajustaram-se a freq??ncia esperada de 15:1. Os caracteres avaliados nos parentais e nas gera??es F2RC1 foram submetidos a an?lise estat?stica. As m?dias das plantas F2RC1 resistentes, de cada retrocruzamento, foram comparadas com a m?dia do seu respectivo parental recorrente pelo teste t e as m?dias dos retrocruzamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Foi detectada grande variabilidade gen?tica entre e dentro os retrocruzamentos para todos os caracteres. Pode-se concluir com base nos resultados que todos os retrocruzamentos s?o promissores para obten??o de cultivares essencialmente derivadas resistentes aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV e que os retrocruzamentos que obtiveram como parentais recorrentes as cultivares BRS-Urubuquara e BRS Novaera s?o muito promissores para a obten??o de novas cultivares com resist?ncia aos v?rus CPSMV e CABMV.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-09T19:14:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Evandro Silva Pereira Costa.pdf: 2009437 bytes, checksum: cf64a3e8f7e3e004841a52c65f4c6626 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T19:14:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Evandro Silva Pereira Costa.pdf: 2009437 bytes, checksum: cf64a3e8f7e3e004841a52c65f4c6626 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-21 / CNPq / Defining methods of quantification of tomato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is important to many researches about strategies of management of the disease. The aim of this present study was to assess and to validate the diagrammatic grading keys - Simplified, James-modified and Broad - and to determinate the possible correlations between the measures of severity and plants? physiological and nutritional state and biomass accumulation. Two simultaneous experiments were carried out: one in greenhouse and the other in field conditions. Two cultivars were studied in greenhouses, Super Sweet and ?Perinha ?gua Branca?, a resistant and a susceptible to late blight genotypes, respectively. The plants were inoculated or not with a sporangia suspension, and submitted to ten evaluations: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 17 and 24 days after inoculation. The avaliations were performed in the fifth oldest leaf, and eighth and eleventh leaves, by visual estimation of severity, using three diagrammatic grading keys, Simplified, Broad and James-modified, but also measuring photosynthetic potential (Fv/Fm), by chlorophyll ?a? fluorescence emission. In field conditions, four cultivars were evaluated ? ?Perinha ?gua Branca?, Super Sweet, Santa Clara and Carmen F1. Periodically, late blight severity was quantified using the same three grading keys in leaves of different plant parts, at 51, 62, 74, 94 and 102 days after transplant (DAT). At the day following each severity disease evaluation, one plant was harvested per plot to measure the accumulation of biomass and macronutrients of different plant organs. Fruit yield was determined by summing fruits harvested between 68 and 114 DAT. In greenhouse conditions, the estimative of late blight severity with the three diagrammatic grading keys proved to be adequate to the disease?s quantification, enabling the discrimination between inoculation effects and differences between the cultivars in four and in nine days after inoculation, respectively, which were confirmed by measures of the photosynthetic potential of the leaves. In field conditions, the diagrammatic grading keys Simplified and Broad were more adequate to tomato late blight quantification. Quantifications in the youngest leaves, in the medium and superior third part of the plant, were the most representative of the disease progress and also discriminated the cultivars regarding disease resistance. Negative correlations were observed between severity, estimated with the three grading keys considering the whole plant and its medium third part, and leaf dry mass and leaf concentrations of K and P. The cultivar ?Perinha ?gua Branca? showed the lowest stem and leaf dry mass at the beginning of plant evaluations, and also late fruit yield, but had the higher stem and leaf mass and at the end of the experiment. The cultivar Perinha ?gua Branca and the hybrid Carmen F1 had higher commercial fruit yield. Based in the results, it is recommended the use of Simplified diagrammatic grading key and evaluations in the medium or superior tomato third to quantify the late blight disease. / A defini??o de m?todos de quantifica??o da requeima no tomateiro, causada por Phytophthora infestans, ? importante para v?rias pesquisas sobre estrat?gias de manejo da doen?a. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo aferir e validar as escalas diagram?ticas, Simplificada, James-modificada e Detalhada e determinar as poss?veis correla??es entre as medidas de severidade e o estado fisiol?gico e nutricional da planta e o ac?mulo de biomassa. Realizaram-se dois experimentos simult?neos, um sob condi??es de ambiente protegido e o outro sob condi??es de campo. Em casa de vegeta??o, utilizaram-se duas cultivares de tomate cereja, ?Perinha ?gua Branca? e Super Sweet, suscet?vel e resistente ? requeima, respectivamente. As plantas foram inoculadas ou n?o com suspens?o de espor?ngios de P. infestans e em seguida, avaliadas aos 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 17 e 24 dias ap?s a inocula??o. As avalia??es foram feitas na quinta, oitava e d?cima primeira folha, contadas do ?pice para a base, usando as tr?s escalas acima citadas e medi??es do potencial fotossint?tico (Fv/Fm) pela emiss?o da clorofila ?a?. No campo, utilizaram-se quatro cultivares, ?Perinha ?gua Branca?, Super Sweet, Santa Clara e Carmen F1. Periodicamente, quantificou-se a severidade da requeima utilizando-se as mesmas escalas acima citadas em folhas de diferentes partes da planta, aos 51, 62, 74, 94 e 102 dias ap?s o transplante (DAT). No dia seguinte a cada avalia??o de severidade, foi coletada uma planta por parcela para mensurar o ac?mulo de biomassa e de macronutrientes nos diferentes ?rg?os da planta. A produ??o de frutos foi determinada pelo somat?rio das colheitas realizadas entre 68 e 114 DAT. Em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o, a estimativa da severidade da requeima com as tr?s escalas se mostrou adequada para quantifica??o da doen?a tendo permitido discriminar efeito de inocula??o e diferen?as entre as cultivares aos quatro e nove dias ap?s a inocula??o, respectivamente, que foram confirmadas pelas medidas do potencial fotossint?tico das folhas. Em condi??es de campo, as escalas Simplificada e Detalhada, foram mais adequadas para a quantifica??o da requeima do tomateiro. Quantifica??es feitas nas folhas mais jovens, no ter?o m?dio e superior da planta, foram as que melhor representaram o progresso da doen?a e discriminaram as cultivares quanto a resist?ncia ? doen?a. Observaram-se correla??es negativas entre a severidade, estimada com as tr?s escalas, considerando a planta inteira e o ter?o m?dio, e a massa seca de folhas e os teores foliares de K e P nas quatro cultivares. A cultivar ?Perinha ?gua Branca? apresentou menor massa seca de caule e de folha no in?cio das avalia??es e produ??o de frutos mais tardia, por?m ao final do ciclo destacou-se pela maior massa seca de caule e de folha. A cultivar ?Perinha ?gua Branca? e o h?brido Carmen F1 apresentaram maior produ??o de frutos comerciais. Com base nos resultados pode-se recomendar o uso da escala simplificada e avalia??es no te?o m?dio ou superior do tomateiro para quantifica??o da requeima.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-27T11:59:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Cintia Silva Nunes.pdf: 1126230 bytes, checksum: 45346dd33d53277fd3bc88d1d3d22157 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T11:59:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Cintia Silva Nunes.pdf: 1126230 bytes, checksum: 45346dd33d53277fd3bc88d1d3d22157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Heat treatment provides desirable characteristics to the wood such as higher dimensional stability, higher natural durability and, in some cases, changes on original color. However, the treatment can also drastically alter the physical and chemical characteristics of wood surfaces, which affect the adhesion quality and coating application. In this context, the objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effect of heat treatmens on physical properties (density, equilibrium moisture content and mass loss) of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson and Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. woods; (2) to determine the effect of heat treatment on color change of both woods; (3) to evaluate the effect of heat treatments on adhesion quality of glued joints by shear strength testing; and (4) to evaluate the effect of physical and chemical modifications following heat treatment on adhesion characteristics. Heat treatments were performed in a laboratorial electric oven at 180 and 200?C. Color measurements were carried out on the CIE-L*a*b* space by using the CM-2600d portable spectrophotometer. Shear strength tests of the glued joints and solid woods were performed according to ASTM D 905 and ASTM D 143 standards, respectively. Three adhesive types were used: resorcinol, resorcinol-tannin 80:20 and resorcinol-tannin 60:40. Density and equilibrium moisture content of both wood species were reduzed by heat treatment. Both woods had mass loss, which increased with the increase of temperature and was more pronounced for Eucalyptus pellita. The original color of the woods changed following heat treatment, mainly to Eucalyptus pellita. The shear strength of solid wood and glued joints of both species was severely affected by heat treatments. The resorcinol-tannin 80:20 adhesive showed the best performance for untreated woods, however, after heat treatment, the adhesive type did not affect the shear strength. Glued joints of heat-treated woods had high percentage of wood failure due to higher porosity and adhesive penetration. The acidity of heat-treated woods affected the shear strength and presented a strong correlation with equilibrium moisture content due to degradation of hemicelluloses. Heat treatments at 180 and 200oC are extremely severe to Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus pellita woods / O tratamento de termorretifica??o proporciona ? madeira caracter?sticas desej?veis tais como maior estabilidade dimensional, maior durabilidade natural e, em alguns casos, altera??o da cor original. Entretanto, o tratamento tamb?m pode alterar drasticamente as caracter?sticas f?sicas e qu?micas das superf?cies da madeira, as quais afetam a qualidade de ades?o e a aplica??o de revestimentos. Neste contexto, os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos nas propriedades f?sicas (densidade, teor de umidade de equil?brio e perda de massa) da madeira de Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson e Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.; (2) determinar o efeito dos tratamentos termorretificadores na altera??o da cor da madeira de ambas as esp?cies; (3) avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos na qualidade de ades?o de juntas coladas atrav?s de testes de resist?ncia ao cisalhamento; e (4) avaliar o efeito das altera??es f?sicas e qu?micas causadas pela termorretifica??o nas caracter?sticas de ades?o. A termorretifica??o foi realizada em um forno mufla el?trico laboratorial a 180 e 200?C. As medi??es de cor foram realizadas no espa?o CIE-L*a*b* com o aux?lio do espectrofot?metro port?til CM-2600d. Os ensaios de cisalhamento das juntas de madeira colada e das madeiras s?lidas foram realizados segundo as normas ASTM D 905 e ASTM D 143, respectivamente. Foram utilizados tr?s tipos de adesivos: resorcinol, resorcinol-tanino 80:20 e resorcinol-tanino 60:40. A densidade aparente e o teor de umidade de equil?brio das madeiras de ambas as esp?cies foram reduzidos pela termorretifica??o. Ambas as madeiras apresentaram perda de massa, sendo esta crescente com o aumento da temperatura e mais acentuada para a madeira de Eucalyptus pellita. A cor original das madeiras foi alterada pelo tratamento, principalmente para o Eucalyptus pellita. A resist?ncia ao cisalhamento da madeira s?lida e das juntas coladas de ambas as esp?cies foi severamente afetada pelos tratamentos termorretificadores. O adesivo resorcinol-tanino 80:20 apresentou o melhor desempenho para as madeiras n?o termorretificadas de ambas as esp?cies; entretanto, ap?s a termorretifica??o, o tipo de adesivo n?o afetou a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento. As juntas coladas das amostras de madeiras termorretificadas apresentaram uma alta porcentagem de falhas na madeira devido ? maior porosidade e maior penetra??o do adesivo. A acidez das amostras da madeira termorretificada afetou a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento e apresentou uma forte correla??o com o teor de umidade de equil?brio devido ? degrada??o das hemiceluloses. Os tratamentos termorretificadores a 180 e 200?C s?o extremamente severos para as madeiras de Corymbia citriodora e Eucalyptus pellita

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T19:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Francisco L?cio da Silva Beltr?o.pdf: 1689416 bytes, checksum: 76a8c64f4a1c610912e18f6afdec5d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / CAPES / The degradation of the wood occurs because of chemical, physical and biological factors, in the latter are the termites, which due to feed primarily on cellulose, which is a major constituent of the wood. In front of the potential damage of these insects to the timber, it is essential to study their attractiveness and feeding preferences to various wooden species, in order to better understand their habits and so to improve the prevention and control methods. This study aimed to analyze if wood of the five exotic forest species (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, and Pinus elliottii) is forage by termites throughout the time in three environments with different anthropic actions in the municipality of Seropedica, RJ; if there is preference of attack to wood of these species in this environmental and time conditions, and if the anthropization level influence the distribution of the termite species. Two areas were inside the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monoculture of eucalypt and fragment of Mata Atlantica), and other in the Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (area around the edification). Wooden stakes (2x2x25 cm) were made as test samples, which were buried on the ground at each experimental area, and evaluated at three times of exposition in the field (90, 120 and 150 days after the installation of the stakes), with eight replicates/forest specie/time. The initial weight and the wooden density of each stake were determined before they were set up in the field. To determine the points of termite activity in the areas, baits of cardboard carton were buried on the ground in order to attract the termites. The points where the baits present attack of termites served as central point for installation of the wooden stakes, which were disposed in a radial position, forming a circle of the stakes. After each exposure time the wooden stakes were collected and weighed to determine the feeding preference of the termites based on the consumption rate of the stakes. The obtained results showed the occurrence of three species of termites (a specie per area), an exotic: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Rhinotermitidae), which occurs in the area around the edification, and two natives: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen)(Rhinotermitidae), which was present at the eucalypt plantation, and Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) which occurs in the forest. C. gestroi and H. tenuis showed more attractiveness/frequency of attack to wooden stakes of P. elliottii (83% and 63%, respectively), while N. cf. itapocuensis had highest occurrence/frequency of attack to E. cloeziana (79%). The average consumption rates of the stakes by C. gestroi and H. tenuis among the five forest species were similar. N. cf. itapocuensis showed sinficant feeding preference to E.cloeziana (4.32?1.19g) compared to P. elliottii (0.18?0.10g).It was observed that the low density of the wood influenced the occurrence/frequency of C. gestroi and H. tenuis to P. elliottii, while N. cf. itapocuensis was not influenced by this characteristic of the wood. However, there was no relationship between the feeding preferenceconsumption and the mean density of the wood to C. gestroi and H. tenuis, but N. cf. itapocuensis preferred woods of medium density. / A degrada??o da madeira ocorre devido a fatores qu?micos, f?sicos e/ou biol?gicos, neste ?ltimo se encontram os t?rmitas, por se alimentarem basicamente de celulose, que ? um dos principais constituintes da madeira. Diante do potencial de dano desses insetos ao madeiramento, ? imprescind?vel estudar a atratividade e a prefer?ncia alimentar destes ?s mais variadas esp?cies de madeira, para compreender melhor seus h?bitos e assim aperfei?oar os m?todos de preven??o e controle. Esse estudo objetivou analisar se madeira de cinco esp?cies florestais ex?ticas (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, e Pinus elliottii) ? forrageada por t?rmitas ao longo do tempo em tr?s ambientes com diferentes a??es antr?picas no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ; se h? prefer?ncia de ataque ?s madeiras dessas esp?cies nessas condi??es ambientais e de tempo, e se o n?vel de antropiza??o influencia a distribui??o das esp?cies de t?rmitas. Duas ?reas estavam dentro do campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (monocultivo de eucalipto e remanescente de Mata Atl?ntica), e outra na Fazenda Agroecol?gica do Km 47 (?rea ao redor de edifica??o). Foram confeccionadas estacas de madeira (2x2x25 cm) que serviram como corpos de prova, as quais foram enterradas no solo em cada ?rea experimental, sendo avaliadas em tr?s ?pocas de exposi??o a campo (90, 120 e 150 dias ap?s a instala??o das estacas), com oito repeti??es/esp?cie florestal/?poca. Foi aferido o peso inicial e a densidade da madeira de cada estaca antes de serem dispostas no campo. Para determinar pontos de atividade term?tica nas ?reas, foram enterradas no solo iscas de rolo de papel?o cartonado para atra??o dos t?rmitas. Os pontos onde as iscas apresentaram ataque de t?rmitas serviram como pontos centrais para a instala??o das estacas de madeira, que assumiram uma posi??o radial, formando um circulo de estacas. Ap?s cada ?poca de exposi??o, as estacas foram retiradas do campo e pesadas para determina??o prefer?ncia alimentar dos t?rmitas com base na taxa de consumo das estacas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a ocorr?ncia de tr?s esp?cies de t?rmitas (uma esp?cie por ?rea), uma ex?tica: Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann)(Rhinotermitidae), que ocorreu na ?rea ao redor de edifica??o, e duas nativas: Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) (Rhinotermitidae), que estava presente no eucaliptal, e Nasutitermes cf. itapocuensis (Holmgren) (Termitidae) que ocorreu na floresta. C. gestroi e H. tenuis apresentaram uma maior atratividade/frequ?ncia de ataque para as estacas de P. elliottii (83%e 63%, respectivamente), enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis apresentou maior ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque em E. cloeziana (79%). As taxas m?dias de consumo das estacas por C. gestroi e H. tenuis entre as cinco esp?cies florestais foram semelhantes. N. cf. itapocuensis revelou prefer?ncia alimentar significativa por E. cloeziana (4,32?1,19g) em rela??o a de P. elliottii (0,18?0,10g). Observou-se que a baixa densidade da madeira influenciou a ocorr?ncia/frequ?ncia de ataque de C. gestroi e H. tenuis por P. elliottii, enquanto N. cf. itapocuensis n?o foi influenciado por essa caracter?stica da madeira. Entretanto, n?o houve rela??o entre a prefer?ncia alimentar/consumo e a densidade m?dia da madeira para C. gestroi e H. tenuis, j? N. cf. itapocuensis preferiu madeiras de m?dia densidade.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-03T16:25:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Viviane Figueira Marques.pdf: 1883187 bytes, checksum: 9996d5ea41ecd4f93424c808c4d82ba6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T16:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Viviane Figueira Marques.pdf: 1883187 bytes, checksum: 9996d5ea41ecd4f93424c808c4d82ba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Staphylococcus spp. plays an important role in the etiology of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most relevant specie due to the production of virulence factors such as ?slime?, which is required for biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect the phenotypic expression of the biofilm formation in 20 S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis, to detect and quantify the expression of genes involved in its production and regulation, as well as to detect the phenogenotypic resistance to beta-lactam in order to evaluate the possible relation between biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance. The isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF and phenogenotypic identification assays. Also they were submitted to the phenotypic tests to evaluate biofilm production and the susceptibility to beta-lactams. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in the Biofilm (MICB) were determined to three isolates presenting distinct biofilm production. Futherly, a PCR for the detection of ?slime? production genes (icaA and icaD), Bap protein (bap), beta-lactamase (blaZ) and protein altered penicillin-binding (mecA). Also, the Agr system was typified (agr I, agr II, agr III and agr IV) and its regulator (agr RNAIII) was detected. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine the most suitable time interval for biofilm analysis. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed at the chosen times to quantify the expression of icaA, icaD and hld genes in the three studied isolates. All 20 isolates were biofilm producers and most presented icaA and icaD genes. Only one isolate presented the bap gene. The agr gene type II presented a prevalence of 70%. The SEM showed gradual changes in bacterial arrangement during the biofilm formation along the phases of the growth curve. The peak was reached at the stationary phase. Transcriptional analysis revealed increased expression of ica genes at 8 h of growth and of hld at 24 h. However, for the N-365 strain the ica expression was of low yield. For this study, the penicillin resistance was related to the production of beta-lactamase otherwise the high MBC detected for cefoxitin may be associated to biofilm protection, evidentiated by the fact that the isolates have MICB values higher than MICs tested for planktonic cells / Staphylococcus spp. tem papel importante na etiologia da mastite bovina. Staphylococcus aureus ? considerada a esp?cie mais relevante devido ? produ??o de fatores de virul?ncia, tais como ?slime?, o que favorece a forma??o do biofilme. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo detectar a express?o fenot?pica da forma??o de biofilme em 20 isolados de S. aureus oriundos de mastite bovina, detectar e quantificar a express?o dos genes envolvidos na sua produ??o e regula??o, al?m de detectar a resist?ncia fenogenot?pica aos beta-lact?micos para avalia??o da poss?vel rela??o da produ??o de biofilme com a resist?ncia antimicrobiana. Os isolados foram caracterizados atrav?s de testes fenogenot?picos e MALDI-TOF, submetidos ?s provas fenot?picas de detec??o da forma??o de biofilme e avalia??o da suscetibilidade aos beta-lact?micos. A Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM), Concentra??o Bactericida M?nima (CBM) e a Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima no Biofilme (CIMB) foram determinadas para tr?s isolados selecionados com base na varia??o da intensidade da produ??o de biofilme. Posteriormente, todos os isolados foram submetidos ? t?cnica de PCR para detec??o dos genes de produ??o de ?slime? (icaA e icaD), prote?na Bap (bap), beta-lactamase (blaZ) e prote?na ligante de penicilina alterada (mecA). Al?m de detec??o do sistema regulador Agr (agr RNAIII) e da tipifica??o do sistema Agr (agr I, agr II, agr III e agr IV). Foi realizada Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) para determinar o intervalo de tempo mais adequado para a an?lise do biofilme. A PCR em tempo real (qPCR) foi realizada nos tempos selecionados para quantificar a express?o dos genes icaA, icaD e hld em tr?s isolados com produ??o variada de biofilme. Todos os isolados foram produtores de biofilme e a maioria apresentou os genes icaA e icaD. Apenas um isolado apresentou o gene bap. O gene agr tipo II mostrou preval?ncia de 70%. A MEV mostrou mudan?as graduais no arranjo bacteriano durante a forma??o de biofilme ao longo das fases da curva de crescimento que atingiu seu pico de forma??o na fase estacion?ria. A an?lise transcricional evidenciou maior express?o dos genes ica no tempo de 8 h de crescimento e hld em 24 h. Contudo, a cepa N-365 mostrou baixa produ??o dos genes ica. Para este estudo, a resist?ncia ? penicilina foi relacionada com a produ??o de beta-lactamase, enquanto a elevada CBM detectada para cefoxitina pode estar associada ? prote??o que o biofilme oferece, epis?dio evidenciado pelo fato dos isolados apresentarem valores de CIMB superiores aos CIMs testados para as c?lulas planct?nicas.