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This case study investigates a chatbot and its responsiveness to user expression, utility and the users' experience. A user study was performed with both a questionnaire and user interviews. A program to automatically categorize user input messages was made in order to analyze the correlations and reasons for failed predictions and misunderstandings. The current utility is not reaching the return on investment, although expansions are planned and the launch is underway. The strongest and most meaningful correlations with unsuccessful messages were with messages that were out of the chatbot's scope, inside of the scope but unsolved, messages that lacked training and test data or that contained at least one unknown word. The user rated the chatbot's ability to understand them slightly above the middle of the scale, even though the rate of unsuccessful messages was high since the chatbot is still under development. Misspellings, vernacular and organization specific words did not have a particularly strong correlation to unsuccessful messages. The opinions on humanlike interaction were split both in regard to its current likeness and what would be desirable in the future. However, most users seemed to want the conversation to feel natural as if from a human and to receive nuanced answers.

?-Conjugated systems have been the focus of study in recent years in order to understand their charge transport and optical properties for use in organic electronic devices, fluorescence bioimaging, sensors, and 3D optical data storage (ODS), among others. As a result, several molecular building blocks have been designed, allowing new frontiers to be realized. While various successful building blocks have been fine-tuned at both the electronic and molecular structure level to provide advanced photophysical and optoelectronic characteristics, the azulene framework has been under-appreciated despite its unique electronic and optical properties. Among several attributes, azulenes are vibrant blue naturally occurring hydrocarbons that exhibit large dipolar character, coupled with stimuli-responsive behavior in acidic environments. Additionally, the non-toxic nature and the accompanying eco-friendly feature of some azulenes, namely guaiazulene, may set the stage to further explore a more "green" route towards photonic and conductive materials. The first part of this dissertation focuses on exploiting guaiazulene as a natural building block for the synthesis of chromophores with varying stimuli-responsiveness. Results described in Chapter 1 show that extending the conjugation of guaiazulene through its seven-membered ring methyl group with aromatic substituents dramatically impacts the optical properties of the guaiazulenium carbocation. Study of these ?–stabilized tropilium ions enabled establishing photophysical structure-property trends for guaiazulene-terminated ?-conjugated analogs under acidic conditions, including absorption, emission, quantum yield, and optical band gap patterns. These results were exploited in the design of a photosensitive polymeric system with potential application in the field of three dimensional (3D) optical data storage (ODS). Chapter 2 describes the use of guaiazulene reactive sites (C-3 and C-4 methyl group) to generate a series of cyclopenta[ef]heptalenes that exhibit strong stimuli-responsive behavior. The approach presents a versatile route that allows for various substrates to be incorporated into the resulting cyclopenta[ef]heptalenes, especially after optimization that led to devising a one-pot reaction toward such tricyclic systems. Examining the UV-vis absorption profiles in neutral and acidic media showed that the extension of conjugation at C(4) of the cyclopenta[ef]heptalene skeleton results in longer absorption maxima and smaller optical energy gaps. Additionally, it was concluded that these systems act as sensitizers of a UV-activated (< 300 nm) photoacid generator (PAG), via intermolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PeT), upon which the PAG undergoes photodecomposition resulting in the generation of acid. In a related study, the guaiazulene methyl group at C-4 was employed to study the linear and nonlinear optical properties of 4-styrylguaiazulenes, having the same ?–donor with varying ?-spacer. It was realized that the conjugation length correlates with the extent of bathochromic shift of the protonated species. On the other hand, a trend of decreasing quantum yield was established for this set of 4-styrylguaiazulenes, which can be explained by the increasingly higher degree of flexibility. The second part of this dissertation presents a comprehensive investigation of the linear photophysical, photochemical, and nonlinear optical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based derivatives, including two-photon absorption (2PA), femtosecond transient absorption, stimulated emission spectroscopy, and superfluorescence phenomena. The synthetic feasibility, ease of modification, outstanding robustness, and attractive spectroscopic properties of DPPs have motivated their study for fluorescence microscopy applications, concluding that the prepared DPP's are potentially suitable chromophores for high resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.

Housing support is a service offered by municipalities in Sweden which aim to help people with psychiatric and/or neuropsychiatric disabilities to manage their daily lives, often in their own home. Housing support workers therefore have an important role in supporting people with psychiatric and/or neuropsychiatric disabilities. In certain municipalities in Sweden, housing support with a family-oriented approach has been implemented to help parents with parenthood and to structure their everyday lives with the family as a whole. This study aims to examine the possibilities and challenges that housing support workers face in their work with parents and families receiving family-oriented housing support. A further aim with this study is to understand the conditions that are created during interaction and in relations between the housing support workers and the parents, utilizing an analytical framework derived from concepts within the theory of social responsiveness. The method used in this study is based on semi-structured qualitative interviews with housing support workers working with a family-oriented approach. The empirical data has been analyzed through a thematic analysis, resulting in three main themes to present the result and analysis. The findings of this study show that there are both possibilities and challenges with their work taking place in the family's home environment, such as being where the everyday problems are being manifested, but also handling other family members. Results also show that housing support workers within a family-oriented approach deal with a bigger network as they have to manage the family as a whole. Other challenges were about keeping boundaries between their professional role and being seen as a friend or family member. The main result of this study is that social interaction and relation between the housing support worker and the parent that receives housing support is substantial and inevitable.

The digital transformation is affecting every dimension of every business while the retailindustry is no exception. The changing expectations from the customer of today set increasedrequirements on distribution. Correspondingly, it seems that distribution is an area within whichdigital technologies can have major impact for retail companies. However, there is a lack ofpractical cases that demonstrate this impact in the Swedish market. As many retailers havestarted to integrate digital tools within their supply chains, different players have achieveddifferent levels of digital maturity in their distribution.The purpose of this research is to investigate the digital maturity level of retail companies withindistribution as well as their perception of digitalization alongside its impact on distributionprocesses. The method for data gathering consisted of qualitative interviews in combinationwith a questionnaire. The collected data in combination with theoretical research was used tofulfill the research purpose.The analysis revealed the digital maturity level within distribution for ten of Sweden’s largestretailers operating in different branches. All ten case companies were categorized as eitherAdopters or Collaborators. With respect to what literature have mentioned as benefits of digitaldistribution, the analysis further revealed the benefits that case companies have gained bydigital tools. Cost efficiency, traceability, delivery accuracy, improved lead time, shelfavailability, and increased free time in stores were the major benefits gained by digital tools, asdescribed by case companies.

Studien undersöker preferenser för ledarskap bland män och kvinnor inom restaurangbranschen. Tidigare studier har lagt mycket fokus på att undersöka om det finns skillnader i det manliga kontra det kvinnliga ledarskapet. Det kan således anses finnas ett begränsat antal tidigare studier inom forskningsområdet för hur manliga och kvinnliga anställda vill att sin ledare ska vara. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och använder semistrukturerade intervjuer. Metodvalet grundar sig i att studien hoppas kunna identifiera likheter, skillnader och eventuella mönster i informanternas preferenser för ledarskap. Resultatet utgår från identifierade teman som baseras på det insamlade materialet. Resultatet indikerar att både män och kvinnor värderar egenskaper som självständighet, tillit och flexibilitet högt hos deras närmaste ledare. Det identifierades även vissa skillnader baserat på genus i informanternas preferenser. Kvinnliga anställda efterfrågar även lyhördhet hos en ledare medan manliga talar om vikten av tydliga direktiv från närmsta chef. Avslutningsvis kan inte studiens fastställa några specifika mönster mellan kvinnor och mäns prefererade ledarskap. Studiens resultat hoppas kunna hjälpa ledare inom restaurangbranschen att förbättra sin ledarstil och skapa en mer tillfredsställande arbetsmiljö för sina anställda. Studien är skriven på svenska. / The study examines leadership preferences among men and women in the restaurant industry. Previous studies have focused a lot on investigating whether there are differences in male versus female leaders. It can however be considered that there is a limited amount of studies that contribute to the research area of ??how male and female employees want their leader to be. The study has a qualitative approach designed and uses semi-structured interviews as the research method. The choice of method is based on the hope of identifying similarities, differences and possible patterns in the informants' preferences for leadership. The result is based on the identified themes from the collected material. The results indicate that both men and women value qualities such as independence, trust and flexibility highly in their immediate leaders. Certain differences were also identified based on the gender in the informants preferences. Female employees also request responsiveness from a leader as an important leading feature, while males talk more about the importance of clear directives from the immediate superior. In conclusion, the study cannot establish any specific patterns between women's and men's preferred leadership. However there are tendencies to identify patterns between men's and women's preferences for leadership, which also moves the study forward to continued research in the field. These findings can help restaurant managers improve their leadership style and create a more satisfying work environment for their employees. Following is this study written in swedish.

Differences in taste perception between species are thought to reflect evolutionaryadaptations to dietary specializations such as seed predation. By employing a two-bottlepreference test, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the taste responsiveness forfive food-associated carbohydrates and two steviol glycosides in four adult white-faced sakis(Pithecia pithecia). The taste preference thresholds were found to be 10 mM for sucrose, 10-40 mM for fructose, 20-30 mM for glucose and maltose, and 30-40 mM for lactose. The sakisalso showed a clear preference for rebaudioside A and stevioside over tap water atconcentrations as low as 0.04 and 0.2-0.5 mM, respectively. When given the choice betweenall binary combinations of the five carbohydrates at equimolar concentrations of 100, 200,and 300 mM, respectively, the sakis displayed the following preference pattern: sucrose &gt;fructose &gt; glucose ≥ maltose = lactose. The obtained taste preference thresholds for foodassociated carbohydrates fall into the lower range of values among primates, suggesting acomparatively high sweet-taste sensitivity in the sakis. The pattern of relative preferenceswas consistent with that reported in most tested primates. Altogether, the responsivenesstowards the sweet-tasting substances obtained in this seed predator resembles the resultsobtained in primates which act as seed dispersers. However, these results might reflect anevolutionary adaptation of white-faced sakis to exploit resources containing low sugarconcentrations such as unripe fruits and seeds.

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