Passion fruit is a tropical fruit seasoning used for the manufacture of juices pulps and ices cream, easy acceptance due to the characteristic of aroma and flavor, and of proven medicinal properties. In the search of plants of passion fruit high production, they leave of the principle of the necessity of the organic seasoning use and chemical, that finished for raising the production cost, transferred to test it mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular and for production of seedlings. The present work objectified to study the effect of the association of mycorrhizal symbiosis and promotional rhizobacterias of the growth for the production of changes of plants of passion fruit in the State of Alagoas. The present investigation was conducted on laboratory conditions (Laboratory of Microbiology) and green house of the Center of Agrarian Sciences of the UFAL. The experiment had duration of 90 days, the experimental was in a randomized complete designer delineation complete with inoculation (200 sporos/plant) of plants with mycorrhizal fungi associates and witness, associates and not, with rhizobacterias, seven repetitions each treatment. The analysis of the data with Scutellospora heterogama and for Glomus etunicatum had resulted in better leaf number and size of plants, and also when associates to Isolated the 15. For rhizobacterias, suspensions of bacteria from isolated out epiphytes and on epiphytes cultivated in half BD had been prepared (Potato), being the changes of plants of passion fruit kept 21 days in green house of production of changes, and after this period, had been evaluated cool substance of the roots, aerial and total part, beyond levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg that had kept the levels balanced throughout the experiments. G. albida + I15, S. heterogama + I15 and G. etunicatum + I09 had also provided to improvement in leaf number and height of plants. The results suggest that the plants of passion fruit are not a species highly dependent of mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular. The results showed that use of isolated the 02, 09, 13, 15 had not effect in the production of seedlings of passion fruit, and that the FMA use can contribute for a significant improvement in the production of these seedlings. This research can to influence actions that aim at the production of seedlings with quality and in satisfactory number with the use of rhizobacteria and FMA. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / O maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa) é uma fruta tropical bastante utilizada para a fabricação de sucos polpas e sorvetes, de fácil aceitação devido ao aroma e sabor característicos. O uso de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e rizobactérias na produção de mudas podem contribuir para a diminuição dos custos de produção. Este trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito da associação simbiótica micorrízica e de rizobactérias na produção de mudas de maracujazeiro no Estado de Alagoas. O Trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Microbiologia e casa-de-vegetação do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFAL. O experimento foi realizado em 90 dias, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com inoculação (200 esporos/planta) de plantas com fungos micorrízicos associadas e testemunha, associadas e não, com rizobactérias, com sete repetições cada tratamento. Para rizobactérias, foram preparadas suspensões a partir de isolados epífitos e endofíticos cultivados em meio BD (Batata-Dextrose), sendo as mudas de maracujazeiro mantidas por 21 dias em estufa e após esse período, foram avaliados matéria fresca das raízes, parte aérea e total, além de níveis dos elementos químicos N, P, K, Ca, Mg que mantiveram-se equilibrados ao longo dos experimentos. A análise dos dados com Scutellospora heterogama e com Glomus etunicatum resultaram em melhor número de folhas e tamanho de plantas, e também quando associados ao Isolado 15. Os fungos G. albida + I15, S. heterogama + I15 e G. etunicatum + I09 proporcionaram também melhoria em número de folhas e altura de plantas; o uso dos isolados 02, 09, 13, 15 quando de forma individual não influenciaram na produção de mudas de maracujá, o uso de FMA pode contribuir para uma melhoria significativa na produção destas mudas. Esta pesquisa pode influenciar ações que visem a produção de mudas com qualidade e em número satisfatório com o uso de rizobactérias e FMA.

No semiárido brasileiro, a vegetação predominante é a Caatinga, bioma ainda pouco explorado, que apresenta plantas e micro-organismos com alta resistência aos períodos de seca imposto pelo clima. Os micro-organismos associados às plantas deste bioma, são capazes de desenvolver mecanismos de proteção celular contra o estresse hídrico, assim como proteção vegetal contra a dessecação. O presente estudo buscou compreender as rizobactérias associadas a Mimosa artemisiana a fim de selecionar bactérias tolerantes à seca com características de promover o crescimento de plantas sob condições de estresse hídrico, diminuindo assim, os efeitos adversos impostos pela seca. As amostras de solo rizosférico foram coletadas ao longo da Caatinga, englobando os estados da BA e PE, totalizando quatro pontos de coleta. Com o uso de metodologias dependentes de cultivo, foi isolado bactérias com algumas características de promoção de crescimento de plantas diretos e/ou indiretos, como produção de AIA e fixação de nitrogênio. Além disso, linhagens capazes de crescer em meio com reduzida atividade de água e com mecanismos de proteção contra a dessecação, como, produção de EPS, biofilme, produção da ACC deaminase e indução de resistência sistêmica através das enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. Uma linhagem de Paenibacillus sp. e outra de Bacillus sp. foram capazes de promover o crescimento de soja sob condições de estresse hídrico, aumentando alguns parâmetros vegetais como, parte aérea e sistema radicular analisados. / In the Brazilian semi-arid region, the predominat vegetation is the Caatinga biome, still little explored, which features plants and micro-organisms with high resistance to drought periods imposed by the climate. Microorganisms associated with plants in this biome are able to develop mechanisms of cellular protection agains water stress, as well as vegetable protection agains desiccation. The presente study souught tounderstand the rhizobacteria associated with Mimosa artemisiana in order to select drought-tolerant bactéria with characteristics to promote the growth of plants under water stress conditions, thus reducing adverse effects imposed by drought. Rhizospheric soil samples were collectes along the Caatinga, encompassing the States of Bahia and Pernambuco, totaling four collection points. With the use of farming-dependet methodologies, was isolated bactéria with some features of promotion of growth of direct and/or indirect plants such as AIA production and nitrogen fixation. In addition, able to grow amid strains with reduced water activity and mechanisms of protection against desiccation, such as production of EPS, biofilm, production of ACC deaminase and induction of systemic resistance through peroxidase enzymes and polifenoloxidase. A strain of Paenibacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. were able to promote soybean gowth under water stress conditions, increasing some parameters like vegetables, shoot and root system.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:40:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina_Dartora.pdf: 2273567 bytes, checksum: a403243530d420b67d64ea75b916b466 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / The selection of particular and efficient strains is a key factor for the success of the inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). This study aimed to evaluate the potential for inoculation of strains of PGPB on performance of the maize crop, hybrid 30F53, in the summer harvest 2012/13 and 2013/14. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and split plot, whose subplots were composed of crop years (2012/13 and 2013/14) and the plots for nine treatments related to inoculation with strains of PGPB: control (no N and without inoculation); 30 kg ha-1 N at sowing; 160 kg ha-1 N (30 kg ha-1 N at sowing + 130 kg ha-1 in topdressing; inoculation of strains Ab-V5; HM053; L26; L27; 4331; and 8121, associated with 30 kg ha-1 N at sowing. Were evaluated the parameters: plant height, basal stem diameter, shoot dry mass, leaf area; contents of chlorophyll a, b and total; macro and micronutrients contents in the leaves and grains, insertion height, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels rows per ear, number of kernels per row, mass ear and grain productivity. There is influence of crop conditions of each year in the performance of strains PGPB s evaluated. The HM053 strain of A. brasilense has high potential for inoculation under conditions favorable to the development of maize, while the 8121 strain of Rhizobium sp. shows to be promising when the plant metabolism is affected by abiotic stress nature. Nitrogen fertilization at sowing and topdressing, compared to inoculation associated with nitrogen fertilizer at sowing, promotes greater productive corn performance in unfavorable conditions and greater increase in leaf N content and chlorophyll content. Foliar levels of macro and micronutrients of corn plants are not affected by inoculation with strains of PGPB, but the P, Ca, Mg and Zn in the grains are influenced positively by inoculation of HM053 strain. Corn yield has a strong correlation with most of the variables, especially the leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total contents and foliar N in the plant / A seleção de estirpes específicas e eficientes constitui um fator chave para o sucesso da inoculação de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP s). O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de inoculação de estirpes de BPCP s sobre o desempenho produtivo da cultura do milho, híbrido 30F53, na safra verão 2012/13 e 2013/14. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualisados, com quatro repetições e parcelas subdivididas, cujas subparcelas foram constituídas de anos de cultivo (2012/13 e 2013/14) e as parcelas, por nove tratamentos relacionados à inoculação de estirpes de BPCP s: controle (sem N e sem inoculação); 30 kg ha-1 N na semeadura; 160 kg ha-1 N (30 kg ha-1 N na semeadura + 130 kg ha-1 N em cobertura); inoculação das estirpes Ab-V5; HM053; L26; L27; 4331; e 8121, associadas a 30 kg ha-1 N na semeadura. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: altura de planta, diâmetro basal do colmo, massa seca de parte aérea, área foliar; índices de clorofila a, b e total; teores de macro e micronutrientes nas folhas e grãos, altura de inserção, comprimento de espiga, diâmetro de espiga, número de fileiras de grãos por espiga, número de grãos por fileira, massa de espiga e produtividade. Existe influência das condições de cultivo de cada ano no desempenho das estirpes de BPCP s avaliadas. A estirpe de Azospirillum brasilense HM053 apresenta elevado potencial de inoculação sob condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da cultura do milho, enquanto a estirpe de Rhizobium sp. 8121 mostra-se promissora mesmo que o metabolismo vegetal seja afetado por estresse de natureza abiótica. A adubação de semeadura e em cobertura com N, em comparação à inoculação associada à adubação nitrogenada de semeadura, promove maior desempenho produtivo do milho em condições desfavoráveis e maior incremento no teor foliar de N e de clorofila. Os teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes das plantas de milho não são afetados pela inoculação das estirpes de BPCP s, porém os teores de P, Ca, Mg e Zn nos grãos são influenciados de forma positiva pela inoculação da estirpe HM053. A produtividade apresenta forte correlação com a maior parte das variáveis, em especial com a área foliar, índices de clorofilas a, b e total e teor foliar de N na planta

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A murcha-de-esclerócio causada por Sclerotium rolfssi é uma das mais importantes doenças do tomateiro em regiões tropicais. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de selecionar rizobactérias que promovem o controle da murcha-de-esclerócio sem afetar o crescimento das plantas de tomateiro e verificar se o mecanismo de antiobiose e a inibição da difusão do ácido oxálico têm relação com a capacidade de controle. / The southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the most important diseases of tomato in tropical countries. The aim of this work was select rhizobacteria capable to control the southern blight with no effect on tomato growth and investigative the correlation of antibiosis mechanism and inhibition of oxalic acid diffusion with the control of disease

Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) are the smallest, most stable cyclic peptides that are synthesized as secondary metabolites by bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Pseudomonas argentinensis (SA190) and four (CDPs), named as cis-cyclo-(Pro-Phe) (Cyclo2), cis-cyclo-(Pro-Leu) (Cyclo3), cis-cyclo-(Pro-Tyr) (Cyclo4) and cis-cyclo-(Pro-Val) (Cyclo5), with three concentrations (1µM, 100nM, and 10nM), on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under normal plant growth conditions [1/2MS media], salt conditions [125 mM NaCl] and drought conditions [25% PEG]. Moreover, we determined the most effective CDPs with optimal concentration. It was found that cis-cyclo-(Pro-Tyr) (Cyclo4) at a concentration of 100nM had an effect on the plant growth and can mimic the effect of SA190 under normal [1/2MS media] conditions. Also, cis-cyclo-(Pro-Tyr) (Cyclo4) at a concentration of 1µM can mimic the effect of SA190 under salt conditions [125mM NaCl]. Finally, cis-cyclo-(Pro-Val) (Cyclo5) at a concentration of 1µM can mimic the effect of SA190 under drought conditions [25% PEG].

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Soil Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Soil health support crop production and answer to its sustainability and renewability. This study involved the use of under explored legumes in South Africa, Limpopo under maizelegume intercropping systems as a strategy to mitigate soil quality deterioration. The study was conducted at University of Limpopo (Syferkuil) and University of Venda (UNIVEN) Experimental farms during 2020/2021. A split plot experiment, with the main factor comprised of water regimes (irrigation and rainfed) and second main factor included cropping systems (Intercropping and monocropping). Five treatments comprised of 3 monocrops (Maize, Chickpea, and Mungbean) and 2 intercrops (maize-chickpea and maize-mungbean) replicated three times. Data collected from the soil before planting and after maturity were pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), particle size, bulk density, aggregate stability, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), phosphorus (P), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3—N), soil active carbon (SAC), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN). Plant parameters collected during vegetative and flowering stage included plant height, chlorophyll content, plant vigour, and leaf area index. All data was subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance using GenStat software. Significant effect (p<0.05) was observed between treatments on soil pH (KCl), OM, organic carbon (OC), and ammonium (NH4) at Syferkuil Farm. Also, interaction between water regimes and cropping systems affected NH4 and pH (KCl). Cropping systems had significant effect (p<0.01) on pH (H2O), OM, OC, P, NH4, and NO3 at UNIVEN. Interaction between water regimes and cropping systems affected (p<0.01) pH (H2O), P but no significant effect was observed on OC, NH4, and NO3. Cropping systems and interaction at both locations did not affect particle size, bulk density, aggregate stability, EC, SAC, and PMN. Pure stands of maize and legumes had greater plant height, plant vigour, and chlorophyll content whereas intercrops had greater LAI. The results at both locations revealed that legume intercropping systems improved soil health variables without posing negative feedbacks and hence can be used to boost soil functioning. Keywords: Soil health, maize-legume intercropping, soil quality / National Research Foundation (NRF)

No description available.

No description available.

Mon sujet de thèse intègre l’un des projets globaux de l’UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement intitule « stratégies de phytoremédiation basées sur l’utilisation d’arbres et de microorganismes associés », qui s’appuie, entre autre, sur 2 projets de recherche :• le projet PROLIPHYT (programme Eco-Industrie, 2013-2018, ADEME) intitulé « PROduction de LIgneux PHYtoremédiants»,• le projet PHYTOCHEM (ANR CD2i, 2013-2018) intitulé « Développement de procédés chimiques éco-innovants pour valoriser les biomasses issues des phytotechnologies ».Les objectifs généraux sont d’améliorer le potentiel de phytoremédiation d’un panel d’espèces ligneuses et de développer le potentiel microbien pour une phytoremédiation aidée sur sol contaminé. En plus de limiter l’impact des polluants, cette stratégie vise à promouvoir la production de biomasse sur sols délaissés et non exploitables par l’agriculture, tout en assurant la biodiversité nécessaire à la restauration d’un écosystème anthropogénique.Mon travail de thèse est financé au travers un contrat doctoral ministériel handicap (dyslexie). Il s’appuie sur la réhabilitation de deux zones de stockage de sédiments industriels, utilisés jusque dans les années 2000. Ces deux sites expérimentaux (site INOVYN de St Symphorien-sur-Saône en Côte d’Or, site CRISTAL de l’Ochsenfeld en Alsace) présentent des caractéristiques physico-chimiques très particulières qui en font des lieux d’étude privilégiés. Le premier est une ancienne lagune de décantation dont les sédiments enrichis en Hg, Ba et As proviennent du traitement des eaux usées issues du procédé d’électrolyse à Hg de l’entreprise SOLVAY. Le second est une lagune constituée d’un remblai dans lequel ont été stockés depuis les années 1930, les résidus d’extraction du dioxyde de titane de l’Usine CRISTAL de Thann. A l’inverse du premier site expérimental, on observe une flore peu abondante qui se traduit par un développement hétérogène d’une espèce ligneuse principale, le bouleau.La recolonisation naturelle et spontanée de végétaux, plus particulièrement d’espèces ligneuses sur les deux sites est sans doute le résultat d’étroites collaborations avec des microorganismes telluriques situés aux abords de leur système racinaire. Nous avons ainsi choisi de travailler sur 3 espèces pionnières qui se sont naturellement réimplantées sur les deux sites d’études : le saule et le peuplier pour la friche industrielle de Tavaux et le bouleau pour l’unité de traitement des effluents du site de l’Ochsenfeld. / AbstractMy thesis subject includes one of the global projects of the UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement entitled "phytoremediation strategies based on the use of trees and associated microorganisms", which is based, among other things, on 2 research projects:• the PROLIPHYT project (Eco-Industry programme, 2013-2018, ADEME) entitled "Production of woody phytoremediants",• the PHYTOCHEM project (ANR CD2i, 2013-2018) entitled "Development of eco-innovative chemical processes to exploit biomasses from phytotechnologies".The general objectives are to improve the phytoremediation potential of a panel of woody species and to develop the microbial potential for assisted phytoremediation on contaminated soil. In addition to limiting the impact of pollutants, this strategy aims to promote the production of biomass on land abandoned and not exploitable by agriculture, while ensuring the biodiversity needed to restore an anthropogenic ecosystem.My thesis work is financed through a ministerial doctoral contract for disability (dyslexia). It is based on the rehabilitation of two industrial sediment storage areas, used until the 2000s. These two experimental sites (INOVYN site of Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saône in Côte-d'Or, CRISTAL site of Ochsenfeld in Alsace) present very particular physico-chemical characteristics which make them privileged places of study. The first is a former settling lagoon whose sediments enriched in Hg, Ba and As come from the treatment of wastewater from SOLVAY's Hg electrolysis process. The second is a lagoon consisting of a backfill in which the titanium dioxide extraction residues from the CRISTAL Thann Plant have been stored since the 1930s. In contrast to the first experimental site, there is a low abundance of flora which results in heterogeneous development of a main woody species, the birch.The natural and spontaneous recolonisation of plants, more particularly woody species on both sites, is undoubtedly the result of close collaboration with telluric microorganisms located near their root systems. We have thus chosen to work on 3 pioneer species that have naturally relocated to the two study sites: willow and poplar for the industrial wasteland of Tavaux and birch for the effluent treatment unit at the Ochsenfeld site.

Inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria is well documented as a means to enhance growth and increase yields of various crops, especially when used as an alternative or a supplement to the use of nitrogenous fertilizers and agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture. Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for increasing crop productivity, and the use of chemical sources of N fertilizers is expensive, and may contribute to environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need to identify diazotrophic inoculants as an alternative or supplement to N-fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. The search for effective diazotrophic bacterial strains for formulation as biofertilizers has been going on for over 40 years and a number of inoculant biofertilizers have been developed and are commercially available. In the current study, 195 free-living diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from soils collected from the rhizosphere and leaves of different crops in different areas within the KwaZulu-Natal Province, Republic of South Africa. Ninety five of the isolates were selected for further screening because they were able to grow on N-free media using different carbon sources. Isolates that were very slow to grow on N-free media were discarded. Of these, 95 isolates were screened in vitro for growth promotion traits tests including tests for ammonia production and acetylene reduction. The best 20 isolates that were also able to reduce acetylene into ethylene were selected for growth-promotion trials on maize under greenhouse conditions. Of the 20 isolates, ten isolates enhanced (P = 0.001) growth of maize above the Un-inoculated Control. Molecular tests were conducted to identify the ten most promising isolates selected in the in vitro study. In the greenhouse study, these diazotrophic isolates were screened for their ability to enhance various growth parameters of maize (Zea mays L.), following various inoculation techniques (drenching, seed treatment, foliar spray and combination of these). Inoculations with the five best diazotrophic isolates by various methods of application increased dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content (P < 0.001, P = 0.001), respectively, compared to the Untreated Control. Although, all methods of application of diazotrophic inoculants used in this study resulted in increased dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content, combined methods of application (seed treatment + drenching) and sole application (seed treatment) were significantly more (P < 0.05) efficient. The best five most promising isolates were identified for growth promotion of maize under greenhouse conditions. They were also assessed for their effects on germination of wheat in vitro and were further tested in combination with various levels of nitrogenous fertilizer for growth-promotion of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). These five isolates were also investigated for their potential to enhance growth and yields of maize and wheat crops in field trials, when combined with a low dose of nitrogenous fertilizer. These isolates were further studied for their contribution for enhancing plant growth through nitrogen fixation by predicting N content in leaves using a chlorophyll content meter (CCM-200) and correlated to extractable chlorophyll level at R2 = 0.96. In this study, relative to the Un-inoculated Control, the best five isolates enhanced growth of maize and wheat when combined with a 33% N-fertilizer levels for a number of growth parameters: increased chlorophyll levels and heights of maize, shoot dry weight of maize and wheat; and enhanced root and shoot development of these crops in both greenhouse and field conditions. The best contributions of diazotrophic bacteria was achieved by Isolate LB5 + 0% NPK (41%), V9 + 65% NPK (28.9%), Isolate L1 + 50% NPK (25%), Isolate L1 + 25%NPK (22%) and LB5 + 75% NPK (15%) undergreenhouse conditions. At 30 or 60 DAP, isolates with 33%N-fertilizer caused relatively higher dry weight than the 100%NPK. Inoculation of Isolate StB5 without 33N% fertilizer cuased significant (P<0.005) increases in stover dry weight. In field studies, inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria alone or with 33%N-fertilizer resulted in relatively greater increases of dry weight, stover dry weight, number of spikes and yield at different growth stages higher than the Un-inoculated or Unfertilized Control. However, the increases were not statistically significant. The use of microbial inoculants in combination with low doses of nitrogenous fertilizers can enhance crop production without compromising yields. The isolates obtained in this study can effectively fix nitrogen and enhance plant growth. The use of microbial inoculants can contribute to the integrated production of cereal crops with reduced nitrogenous fertilizer inputs, as a key component of sustainable agriculture. / Ph.D. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 2013.