This essay is a survey and a gender-theoretical study of Western Riders Association of Sweden(from here on: Wras) between 1982-2006. The purpose of the study is to contribute to equestrian historical research as well as gender historical research by examining Wras from a gender theoretical perspective. The aim is broken down to two research questions: • What did the organization, as well as collaboration with other organizations and authorities,look like in Wras between 1982-2006, and can this be connected to the gender structures within the association? • What was the gender structure in leading positions within Wras and in competitions held by the association between 1982 and 2006, and how did this change over time? The material in this paper consists of various documents from Wras, including documents from board meetings, results from competitions, magazines and letters. The study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative method, as both were considered necessary to fulfil the purpose of the essay. In the qualitative study texts has been interpreted and analyzed. The quantitative study has collected the number of men and women in charts and based on these figures interpreted the result.The results of the study have been compared to Hirdman's theory of gender regarding gender segregation.The survey shows that when Wras was formed in 1982, the association was male-dominated.The association invested in educating the Swedish western riders. During the 1990s, Wras cooperated with several other organizations and authorities, which in some cases led to competition and some fragmentation between western riders.During the 1990s, more women became members in Wras, having leading positions and competed. The study shows that several competition classes were feminized and became female dominated when more and more women started to compete. This mainly applied to classes that within the rodeo was gender coded as feminine, or classes where assessment was on appearance and therefor required a well-groomed horse. The classes associated with the rough work on the ranches were given a male gender coding. In America, this division between classes and gender distinction had already taken place in the western riding and rodeo, and Sweden took notice. The result shows that Hirdman's theory of gender segregation can be applied to western riding where men and women are divided according to the characteristics they are considered to have.

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the science' state of unconventional physical therapies, such as yoga therapy (YT) and equine-assisted therapy (EAT), in the treatment of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children and young adolescents. The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the effects of unconventional physiotherapy in autism. Data from 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved and analyzed to help with the making of this review. Physical, cognitive and social functions were measured in approximately 530 children and adolescents with autism, always partaking in either case or control group. Results indicate that the above mentioned therapies have an overall positive impact in the treatment of autism by reducing the stereotypical behaviors and increasing the cognitive and social functions. Participants vary from 4 to 16 years of age. There is still a gap of knowledge when it comes to all the direct effects and action mechanisms of such therapies in the lives of these children. Therefore a lot of space for further studies is present and also recommended. Future RCTs are needed to better refine treatment choices, in order to come up with new and better ways of dealing with such disorder. Keywords: physiotherapy; yoga therapy; horse riding therapy;...

The comfort of the public transport user is of vital importance to guarantee a pleasant service. The driver's style on coaches and buses is a significant factor that influences the comfort of the users. The driver of a vehicle is clearly implicated in the production of motion sickness since it is the driver who regulates the accelerations than cause passenger sickness (Mark Turner & Michael J. Griffin, 1999). Therefore it is necessary to explain the relationship between passenger comfort and driver behaviour. The driver’s driving style has been described by recording the accelerations (X-Y-Z directions) of a bus with an accelerometer. This data has been processed afterwards to obtain four indicators that describe the driving style of the driver. The four indicators are: 1) Longitudinal acceleration and braking levels, 2) Longitudinal jerks, 3) Lateral cornering acceleration levels, and 4) uneven speed, so-called "Pump driving". Comfort ratings from the passengers has been collected on board different buses from the Södertälje and Kallhäll areas where passengers were asked to grade their experience during their current journey. This information has been analysed together with the indicators. The final result is an algorithm that provides a comfort rating by analysing the acceleration of a bus.

Title: Wheel size selection preferences in recreational and active cyclists Goals: The goal of the thesis is to find relation between anthropometric and training indicators and selection of bicycle wheel size. Methods: The work is a descriptive study of a sample of randomly picked men and women. The research sample consisted of 250 respondents of the age range 13 - 77, with 106 women and 144 men. The research has been carried out in the form of semi structured website survey. The data have been categorized and analysed using basic statistical methods and the results were interpreted in the charts by the frequency of answers. Results: By analysing the survey results we have found the existing relation between the used wheel size and anthropometric and training indicators. With the growing height and weight of the respondents, the tendency to use 29" wheel size increases, as mentioned 81 respondents in height range 160-199 cm. The research has also shown that older riders use their bikes primarily to the cycling tours and that with the smaller wheel size. The size 29" use only eighteen respondents of the age range 40 - 77. The comparison of training indicators with the used wheel size has proven direct relation between effortfulness of the surface and used wheel size, when 2500 km and more will be...

RÖDLUVAN OCH VARGEN en novell och artistbook. Jag bifogar manuskriptet men även dokumentation. Boken är handbunden. Om- slaget består utav min akvarellmålning, pressad på läder. Boken är varvad med fotografier och illustrationer, tryckt på semitransperant papper. Texten är tryckt på indiskt, handpressat akvarellpapper och jag har även valt att måla direkt i boken på vissa ställen där det föll mig in...  Likt ett drömtillstånd speglar de olika arketyperna i berättelsen varandra. Rödluvan, Mormor, Vargen, Jägaren och den frånvarande modern är olika aspekter inom ett och samma själv. Rollerna är sammanblandade och flytande. Vem är offer? Vem är förövare? Jag har skrivit berättelsen med den intentionen och arbetat fram en bok på samma sätt som jag skulpterar eller komponerar musik på. Berättelsen är inte linjär utan mångdimensionell, likt en skulptur. Jag kan vända och vrida på den och få syn på olika betydelser, for- mer eller formuleringar. Jag använde skrivandet som en metod att tömma ut mig på, tömma ut allt mörkt och förbjudet som lurar i skuggorna av mitt jag. Allt sådant jag vill glömma, gömma, tränga bort eller skäms för. Berättelsen om Rödluvan och Vargen är ock- så ett försök till att tänja på gränserna för hur en bok bör vara strukturerad, och röra mig någonstans bortom olika uppdelningar vi människor annars gärna gör naturligt. Rödluvans verklighet påminner mer om en psykos, eller ett drömtillstånd. Jägaren får repre- sentera det jordade, det som ligger nära något som kanske är läsarens verklighet, ett slags nu. Kanske är det Jägaren själv som skrivit hela berättelsen? Det finns en komplexitet och en paradox med att göra djupgående, psykologiska processer, ju närmare man kommer sanningen om sig själv, sina drifter, sin önskan, sin vilja, sina dolda agendor och känslor, desto svårare blir det att urskilja - död från liv, sant från falskt, rätt från fel, förövare från offer, äckligt från vackert, känsla från tanke, den egna kroppen från omgivningen, jaget från jaget osv osv. Jag ville illustrera detta på många vis kaotiska tillstånd och varande. En grumlig mellanvärld, där jaget smälter samman med sin omgivning, med sina fantasier, med då-tid och en oro inför framtiden. Jag ville porträttera något kladdigt mellan människor, något gränslöst och hur det känns att leva i detta tillstånd. Jag har lärt mig att jag bär på känslor och metoder att hantera dessa på som på många vis gör mig sjuk. Vi ser överenskommelser, myter, normer och språk men är dessa snarare murar, eller barri- ärer mellan vad som sägs och vad som verkligen pågår? Där något kärlekslöst och giftigt kan glida in, under en mantel av godhet och medkänsla, ett självebdrägeri där jag i grunden är min största fiende. På vilket annat mer verklighetstroget vis kunde jag illustrera detta skrämmande fenomen på om inte igenom en saga.  / Imelda

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Research indicates children with disabilities benefit from therapeutic horseback riding (TR). This study examined the impact TR had on attention behaviors of five children with various developmental disabilities in a preschool classroom. Children were observed in the classroom setting twice weekly for 10 weeks on a day they participated in TR services and on a day they did not participate in TR. Single case experiments suggested there was not a significant difference in all but one child’s sustained attention in the classroom on days children received TR services. An independent samples t-test suggested there was no significant difference in scores between riding day (M<./I> = 1.78, SD =.247) and non-riding days (M = 1.76, SD = .262); t(87) = -.481, p = .632 for the group as a whole. Further research should be conducted to determine TR’s effect on behaviors in the classroom.

The last few years have brought about a series of substantial changes for mobility on two wheels, especially if the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered as a relevant fact for transportation dynamics [1,2]. Social distancing recommendations have promoted the use of individual transportation systems instead of massive transportations means. Consequently, riding a bike for urban trips has become increasingly prevalent in many countries [3-5]. Besides an opportunity to make urban mobility more active and sustainable, this panorama poses the challenge to prevent that, along with its growing use, bicycle crashes ---and their consequences-might continue to increase. In this regard, recent studies have emphasized the role of individual differences and personality-related factors as potential issues influencing both cycling behaviors and traffic crashes suffered while riding [6,7].

The purpose of this study has been to look how pedagogic process interacts in horse riding lessons. In order to research this problem I have used an ethnographic approach and during a week I observed ten riding lessons in two separate Riding house in the south of Sweden. In my theoretical frame I have used Michel Foucault “Discipline and punish” as a toll to make clear how dominance and submission is present and active in the horse riding education.The conclusion shows how dominant power rules by its presence and creates submission, stability and feeling of security. The discipline is used to create a feeling that will bring the riders to new experience and develop their talent. To create that you need a good communication between the riding teacher, the horse and the rider and most important is to have a known environment where the rules and regulations are used trough limited surface, geometrical pattern and repetition.

Syftet var att studera elevernas uppfattningar inom Naturbruksprogrammets hästinriktning om sambandet mellan ryttarens kroppsfysik och ridningen. Följande frågor har ställts:•Vilken betydelse ansåg eleverna att en god kroppsfysik hade för ridningen? •Hur uppfattade eleverna olika pedagogiska metoders betydelse för ridningen? •Hur uppfattade eleverna olika pedagogiska metoders betydelse för kroppsfysiken?•Hade eleverna förstått att ridningen påverkades av deras fysiska hälsa?För att besvara frågeställningar har jag använt mig av en enkät. De elever som besvarade enkäten deltog i ett projekt, som genomfördes med hjälp av olika didaktiska metoder och övningar samt observationer. Projektets avsikt var att förbättra ryttarens kroppsfysik samt dess inverkan på hästen. Resultatet visade att eleverna ansåg att det främst var videofilmningen som gynnade ridningen och att de fysiska övningarna förbättrade konditionen och smidigheten. De som red regelbundet hade en bättre kroppsfysik. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att eleverna hade förstått sambandet av en god kroppsfysik och ridningen.