This essay deals with a cultic building which focuses on the stone feature during the Bronze Age in Sweden and Denmark. I will discuss about the meaning of the stone feature and it also deals with the surrounding next to the building in order to see a bigger perspective. It consists of five excavations which this essay is based upon. The five excavations are Sandergård in Denmark, Broby and Hågahagen in Uppland, Tofta and Koarum in Skåne.

This thesis discusses South Scandinavian cup marks in general, and cup marks in Kronobergs County in particular. The question is whether the cup mark phenomena can be viewed as an ordinary family-based cult for a kind of everyday use, or more likely as a community passage ritual. The thesis also suggests that cup marks were made by ritual participants in, or in the process of trying to reach, an altered state of consciousness.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação busca explorar o tema das emoções ligadas ao vestibular. A pesquisa está desenvolvida em um contexto de camadas médias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa, foram feitas dez entrevistas com alunos do colégio/curso pH no Rio de Janeiro, cinco moças e cinco rapazes a fim de compreender a experiência dos estudantes que se preparam para prestar vestibular. Para tanto, procurou-se examinar aspectos envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisões dos jovens em relação à carreira, como a relação dos jovens entre si, com sua família e com o meio social. / This work analyses the emotional context towards Vestibular. The research takes place in Rio de Janeiro and contains data from the middle class. Ten students (five girls and five boys) from pH course/school were interviewed in a qualitative perspective in order to analyse the experience students face when they prepare themselves to do the Vestibular exam. Therefore, this present paper approaches some crucial aspects involved in the decisions of these young people concerning their career and also the relationship they have with each other, with their families and with the society.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação busca explorar o tema das emoções ligadas ao vestibular. A pesquisa está desenvolvida em um contexto de camadas médias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa, foram feitas dez entrevistas com alunos do colégio/curso pH no Rio de Janeiro, cinco moças e cinco rapazes a fim de compreender a experiência dos estudantes que se preparam para prestar vestibular. Para tanto, procurou-se examinar aspectos envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisões dos jovens em relação à carreira, como a relação dos jovens entre si, com sua família e com o meio social. / This work analyses the emotional context towards Vestibular. The research takes place in Rio de Janeiro and contains data from the middle class. Ten students (five girls and five boys) from pH course/school were interviewed in a qualitative perspective in order to analyse the experience students face when they prepare themselves to do the Vestibular exam. Therefore, this present paper approaches some crucial aspects involved in the decisions of these young people concerning their career and also the relationship they have with each other, with their families and with the society.

For members of the Swedish Heathen organisation Forn Sed Sverige, the term blot is defined as an act of ritual sacrifice through which one can communicate with the gods and other powers. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of the various forms of blot and to explore the meanings ascribed to it by the practitioners. By looking at the structure of the ritual itself, what is sacrificed, the contexts in which the ritual is conducted and how the aforementioned aspects of it are understood, this thesis presents an image of blot as a central ritual practise within the Swedish Heathen community, as well as a way for the members of Forn Sed Sverige to construct a sense of continuity between their own blot and pre-Christian religion in Scandinavia by prioritising ritual practise over religious beliefs.

abstract: “Her Brown Body Is Glory: A Legacy of Healing Forged Through Sisterhood and Dance” fondly captures the process of creating the evening length dance project, Her Brown Body Is Glory (HBBIG). This document addresses many themes, such as liminality, rites of passage, trauma in the African American community (like the effects of Dr. Joy DeGruy Leary’s “Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome (PTSS) theory), and provides a perspective of healing rooted in dance, rituals, and community. This research focuses on dance being the source of intervention to create sisterhood among African American women of many shades. Throughout the creation of this dance project, the choreographer and dancers collaboratively generated experiences to cultivate a space of trust, vulnerability, sisterhood, and growth. The use of written, verbal, and movement reflection supported this creative process as the main source of ritual to check in with self, building community amongst the dancers, and generating choreography. The insertion of these sisterhood rituals into the production became the necessary element of witness for the audience to experience an authentic and moving performance of Her Brown Body Is Glory. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Dance 2020

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Ce mémoire de maîtrise vise à contribuer aux études rituelles et à l’anthropologie du sécularisme. Sur la base d’une recherche ethnographique menée au Québec, nous étudions la pratique des officiants de rites de passage séculiers qui opèrent en dehors de la religion organisée. Il s’agit de comprendre comment ceux-ci renouvèlent les rites de passage en dehors d’un appui ou d’une régulation institutionnels. Nous traitons des cérémonies de naissance et de mariage et cherchons spécifiquement à étudier comment ces célébrants, tels qu’ils se décrivent, recourent à l’innovation et à la créativité rituelle pour offrir des rites porteurs de sens dans un contexte social marqué par une hétérogénéité de sensibilités religieuses. En effet, les célébrants séculiers s’adressent à des individus distanciés de la religion instituée et doivent donc satisfaire leurs valeurs, croyances et visions du monde ainsi que celles des membres de leur entourage encore proches de la tradition catholique. Les résultats de cette recherche qualitative se basent sur un échantillon de dix célébrants séculiers établis au Québec et présentant une diversité d’approches et de contextes de pratique. La collecte de données est basée sur des entretiens semi-dirigés ainsi que des observations effectuées auprès d’eux. Cette étude montre que les célébrants les plus créatifs sont motivés par la dimension sociale et spirituelle de la célébration plutôt que par des motifs économiques. Même s’ils opèrent en atomes libres, ils s’inscrivent dans un nouveau paradigme rituel plus large observé par Catherine Bell (2009). Celui-ci est axé sur les éléments suivant : une conception du rite qui dépasse la frontière du religieux et devient un moyen universel d’épanouissement du soi et du collectif ; un rite de passage qui est conçu comme un processus transformationnel et réflexif pour les principaux participants; une fonction sociale du rite qui se manifeste dans la consolidation du relationnel et un registre d’authenticité alors que les croyances religieuses deviennent secondaires ; une autorité du célébrant qui diminue en faveur de celle des participants ; une dimension expérientielle et participative du rite qui est fortement investie. / This master thesis aims at making a contribution to ritual studies and the anthropology of secularism. The ethnographic research I present is based in Quebec and centers on new specialists of secular rites of passage, who are ritual makers that practice outside of organized religion. My central objective is to understand how these self-described celebrants creatively contribute to the practice of rites of passage, without relying purely on institutional support or regulation. The focus of this thesis is on birth and wedding ceremonies. I present how these celebrants use ritual innovation and creativity to offer meaningful rites in a social context marked by diversity with respect to different religious sensitivities. Indeed, secular celebrants direct their services toward people who are distanced from institutionalized religion and therefore must satisfy their values, beliefs and worldviews, in addition to elder members of the community that may still adhere to catholic traditions. The results of this qualitative research are based on a sample of ten secular celebrants operating in Quebec and displaying a variety of approaches to ritual making. The primary mode of data gathering is through semi-directed interviews and observational interactions with ritual practitioners. This study demonstrates that the social and spiritual dimensions of the wedding and birth celebrations drive the ritual celebrants, rather than purely economical motivations. Even though ritual makers may develop their practice independently from one another, the most innovative celebrants share traits and participate in a larger emerging ritual paradigm observed by Catherine Bell (2009). This paradigm is characterized by a vision where rites of passage are considered a universal means for the empowerment of the self and the community; rites of passage become a transformational as well as reflexive process for the core ritual participants; the social function of ritual is emphasized toward an ideal of authenticity whereas religious beliefs take a secondary importance; the ritual leader loses authority in favour of the participants; the experiential and participatory component of ritual are strongly invested.

L'objet de cette thèse est de montrer en quoi l'Énéide constitue le récit de l'initiation royale d'Énée sous le patronage de Diane, la déesse latine de la souveraineté. L'épopée révèle sa dimension initiatique à travers sa triplicité - narrative et fonctionnelle -, en accord avec la théologie de la déesse initiatique, elle-même triple et trifonctionnelle. Chacun des niveaux fonctionnels de Diane est incarné par l'une de ses servantes : Didon (troisième fonction), la Sibylle (première fonction),Camille (deuxième fonction). Subissant les épreuves rencontrées dans les domaines sauvages et marginaux dont elles sont - au moins symboliquement - les maîtresses (Carthage, Cumes, le Latium), Énée se qualifie comme initié dans chaque fonction, ce qui lui permet d'accéder au statut d'être complet, trifonctionnel, idéal du roi indo-européen. / The purpose of this thesis is to show how the Aeneid constitutes the account of the royal initiation of Aeneas under the patronage of Diana, the Latin goddess of sovereignty. The epic reveals its initiatory dimension through its narrative and functional triplicity, in accordance with the theology of the initiatory goddess, triple and trifunctional herself. Each of Diana's functional levels is embodied by one of her servants: Dido (third function), the Sibyl (first function), Camilla (second function). Subjected to the trials in the wild and marginal areas of which they are - at least symbolically - the mistresses (Carthage, Cumae, Latium), Aeneas qualifies as an initiate in every function, which allows him to access to the status of complete, trifunctional being, the ideal of the lndo-European king.