Submitted by Priscila Nascimento (pnascimento@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-11-12T15:51:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 joel-majerowicz.pdf: 1388853 bytes, checksum: 13207638db4a93f79a489e054ceca39d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-12T15:51:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joel-majerowicz.pdf: 1388853 bytes, checksum: 13207638db4a93f79a489e054ceca39d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Os biotérios de experimentação são uma extensão doslaboratórios de pesquisa. Em unidade de produção de imunobiológicos, são partes do controle de qualidade e fundamentais ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Instalações adequadas e procedimentos operacionais padrão são exigências legais e recomendadas para que se obtenham resultados confiáveis. No caso específico do Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos da Fiocruz (Bio-Manguinhos), devem ser incorporados, obrigatoriamente, às atividades, as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL), atendendo à regulamentação das agências governamentais. As atividades com animais de laboratórios são especiais, visto as particularidades que só são encontradas em biotérios, como por exemplo, os riscos inerentes aos animais, especialmente os físicos, que compreendem aqueles em que o profissional é expostoa mordidas, arranhões ou outra forma de defesa; os biológicos próprios da sua biota, zoonótica ou experimental e a produção de alérgenos; os químicos, tais como, os produtos de limpeza e desinfecção e os relacionados aos trabalhos experimentais. Apresenta-se, nesta dissertação, uma comparação entre as atuais e as futuras instalações do Laboratório de Experimentação Animalde Bio-Manguinhos (Laean), descrevendo suas características e procedimentos operacionais relativos a biossegurança. O objetivo deste trabalho é expor, de modo ordenado e sistemático os procedimentos de biossegurança para o acesso e saída de técnicos,de materiais e animais; de esterilização e descontaminação de produtos, insumos e descartes; de desinfecção de materiais e ambientes e, aqueles relativos ao manuseio de animais envolvidoscom risco biológico. / Animal housing is an extension of the research laboratories. In an immunobiological production unit, they are part of the quality control and the development of new products. Adequate facilities and standardized operational procedures are legal and recommended requirements for the reliability of results. Specifically speaking about the Institute of Technology on Immunobiologicals of Fiocruz (Bio-Manguinhos) Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) must become part of the activities in order to meet governmental agencies regulations. Activities with laboratory animals are special dueto their peculiarities that are found in animal housings only, as for example, animals inherent risks to include those which professionals are exposed: physical like bites, scratches or any other defense actions; biological pertaining to biota, zoonotic or experimental and allergen production; chemical like cleaning products and those related to experimentalworks. In this dissertation, a comparison is made between the current and future facilities of the Laboratory of Animal Experimentation in Bio-Manguinhos (Laean). It describes the characteristics and operational procedures related to biosafety. The objective of this work is to expose order and systematically biosafety procedures for entrance and exit of personnel, materials and animals, sterilization and decontamination of products, input and disposal, disinfection of materials and environments, and those related to handling of animals involved in biological risks.

Nas últimas décadas os estudos sobre mamíferos fósseis do Brasil aumentaram significativamente, mas ainda assim pouco se conhece sobre o registro daqueles de pequeno porte (Didelphimorphia, Chiroptera e Rodentia, Hystricognathi). Apesar destes serem registrados para onze estados brasileiros, as ocorrências são muito pontuais e fragmentárias, exceto pela fauna de Lagoa Santa, Estado de Minas Gerais. Estudou-se os mamíferos de pequeno porte de dois sítios arqueológicos com datações que abrangem desde o Holoceno inicial (± 9.400 anos AP) até o Holoceno final (± 3.700 anos AP). Os sítios localizam-se na porção nordeste do estado, nos Municípios de Montenegro e Santo Antônio da Patrulha, no limite entre duas sub-regiões biogeográficas neotropicais, a Chaquenha e a Paranaense. Além da taxonomia, também estudou-se aspectos paleoclimáticos e paleoambientais para as duas áreas. Registrou-se 24 táxons de mamíferos de pequeno porte, sendo eles: Gracilinanus agilis, G. microtarsus, Monodelphis americana, Thylamys velutinus, Thylamys cf. T. velutinus, Didelphis sp., Philander opossum (Didelphidae), Chrotopterus auritus, Pygoderma bilabiatum (Phyllostomidae), Eptesicus brasiliensis, Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis cf. Myotis ruber, Vespertilionidae aff. Lasiurus (Vespertilionidae); Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus (Molossidae), Cavia sp., C. aperea, C. magna (Caviidae), Ctenomys sp. (Ctenomyidae), Myocastor coypus (Myocastoridae), Phyllomys sp., Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor e uma nova espécie, Clyomys sp. nov. (Echimyidae). A composição da fauna de pequenos mamíferos em ambos os sítios, especialmente em relação aos Echimyidae, evidencia uma similaridade taxonômica com a fauna de Lagoa Santa. Entre os táxons registrados, pelo menos três deles estão extintos (D. fossor, E. mordax e Clyomys sp. nov), o que poderia indicar uma maior diversidade dos Echimyidae durante o Holoceno, assim corroborando a hipótese de extinções mais tardias da fauna de roedores na região mais ao norte da América do Sul do que no extemo sul deste continente. Em relação ao paleoclima, a fauna de marsupiais e roedores caviomorfos manteve-se quase a mesma ao longo do tempo em ambas as áreas, o que pode ter-se devido a mudanças climáticas mais lentas e graduais. A ocorrência de marsupiais e roedores caviomorfos de ambientes campestres e áreas florestadas nos mesmos níveis poderia dever-se a um ambiente em mosaico, mas com predomínio dos campos. A diferença temporal no início da expansão das florestas entre as duas áreas, a qual é hipotetizada pelos dados palinológicos, não pôde ser corroborada pelo registro dos mamíferos de pequeno porte, já que desde o Holoceno inicial (± 8.000 anos AP) estavam presentes em ambos os sítios animais típicos de áreas florestadas. Os Chiroptera não contribuiram para com as análises paleoambientais e paleoclimáticas devido à sua distribuição estratigráfica irregular e o pequeno número de espécimes. As inferências paleoclimáticas e paleoambientais embora preliminares, são as primeiras com vistas ao melhor entendimento do Holoceno do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. / During the last decades, there was an increase in the studies about the fossil mammals from Brazil, although very little is known about the record concerning those of small size (Didelphimorphia, Chiroptera e Rodentia, Hystricognathi). Although these animals are recorded for eleven Brazilian states, most occurrences are isolated and fragmentary, except from Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State. Small mammals from two archaeological sites were studied, dating from the Early Holocene (± 9,400 years BP) until the Late Holocene (± 3,700 years BP). The sites are in the Northeast of Rio Grande do Sul State, at Montenegro and Santo Antônio da Patrulha Counties, situated at the boundary of two neotropical biogeographic subregions, Chaco and Parana. Besides from taxonomy, there were also studied paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental aspects of both areas. There were recorded 24 taxa of small mammal: Gracilinanus agilis, G. microtarsus, Monodelphis americana, Thylamys velutinus, Thylamys cf. T. velutinus, Didelphis sp., Philander opossum (Didelphidae), Chrotopterus auritus, Pygoderma bilabiatum (Phyllostomidae), Eptesicus brasiliensis, Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis cf. Myotis ruber, Vespertilionidae aff. Lasiurus (Vespertilionidae); Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus (Molossidae), Cavia sp., C. aperea, C. magna (Caviidae), Ctenomys sp. (Ctenomyidae), Myocastor coypus (Myocastoridae), Phyllomys sp., Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor and a new species, Clyomys sp. nov. (Echimyidae). The small mammal fauna composition from the two sites, mainly that of Echimyidae, made evident a taxonomic similarity with the fauna from Lagoa Santa. Among the taxa recorded, at least three of them are extinct (D. fossor, E. mordax and Clyomys sp. nov), what might indicate a greater diversity of Echimyidae during Holocene, in this way corroborating the hypothesis of rodent extinctions occurring much later northern than in southern South America. Concerning paleoclimatic aspects, the composition of the marsupials and caviomorphs was quite the same over time in both areas, indicating that climatic changes during the Holocene were possibly slow and gradual. The occurrence of marsupials and caviomorphs of grasslands and other ones of forested areas at the same levels incates a mosaic environment, but with grasslands predominance. The temporal difference in the beggining of forest expansion in both areas, which is hypothetized by the palynological data, could not be corroborated on the basis of the small mammals, because since Early Holocene (± 8,000 years BP) forest animals were present at both sites. Data on the Chiroptera did not contribute to the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental analyses, because of their irregular stratigraphic distribution and small number of specimens. The paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental inferences although preliminary, are the first contribution to a better understanding of Holocene of Rio Grande do Sul State.

Nas últimas décadas os estudos sobre mamíferos fósseis do Brasil aumentaram significativamente, mas ainda assim pouco se conhece sobre o registro daqueles de pequeno porte (Didelphimorphia, Chiroptera e Rodentia, Hystricognathi). Apesar destes serem registrados para onze estados brasileiros, as ocorrências são muito pontuais e fragmentárias, exceto pela fauna de Lagoa Santa, Estado de Minas Gerais. Estudou-se os mamíferos de pequeno porte de dois sítios arqueológicos com datações que abrangem desde o Holoceno inicial (± 9.400 anos AP) até o Holoceno final (± 3.700 anos AP). Os sítios localizam-se na porção nordeste do estado, nos Municípios de Montenegro e Santo Antônio da Patrulha, no limite entre duas sub-regiões biogeográficas neotropicais, a Chaquenha e a Paranaense. Além da taxonomia, também estudou-se aspectos paleoclimáticos e paleoambientais para as duas áreas. Registrou-se 24 táxons de mamíferos de pequeno porte, sendo eles: Gracilinanus agilis, G. microtarsus, Monodelphis americana, Thylamys velutinus, Thylamys cf. T. velutinus, Didelphis sp., Philander opossum (Didelphidae), Chrotopterus auritus, Pygoderma bilabiatum (Phyllostomidae), Eptesicus brasiliensis, Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis cf. Myotis ruber, Vespertilionidae aff. Lasiurus (Vespertilionidae); Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus (Molossidae), Cavia sp., C. aperea, C. magna (Caviidae), Ctenomys sp. (Ctenomyidae), Myocastor coypus (Myocastoridae), Phyllomys sp., Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor e uma nova espécie, Clyomys sp. nov. (Echimyidae). A composição da fauna de pequenos mamíferos em ambos os sítios, especialmente em relação aos Echimyidae, evidencia uma similaridade taxonômica com a fauna de Lagoa Santa. Entre os táxons registrados, pelo menos três deles estão extintos (D. fossor, E. mordax e Clyomys sp. nov), o que poderia indicar uma maior diversidade dos Echimyidae durante o Holoceno, assim corroborando a hipótese de extinções mais tardias da fauna de roedores na região mais ao norte da América do Sul do que no extemo sul deste continente. Em relação ao paleoclima, a fauna de marsupiais e roedores caviomorfos manteve-se quase a mesma ao longo do tempo em ambas as áreas, o que pode ter-se devido a mudanças climáticas mais lentas e graduais. A ocorrência de marsupiais e roedores caviomorfos de ambientes campestres e áreas florestadas nos mesmos níveis poderia dever-se a um ambiente em mosaico, mas com predomínio dos campos. A diferença temporal no início da expansão das florestas entre as duas áreas, a qual é hipotetizada pelos dados palinológicos, não pôde ser corroborada pelo registro dos mamíferos de pequeno porte, já que desde o Holoceno inicial (± 8.000 anos AP) estavam presentes em ambos os sítios animais típicos de áreas florestadas. Os Chiroptera não contribuiram para com as análises paleoambientais e paleoclimáticas devido à sua distribuição estratigráfica irregular e o pequeno número de espécimes. As inferências paleoclimáticas e paleoambientais embora preliminares, são as primeiras com vistas ao melhor entendimento do Holoceno do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. / During the last decades, there was an increase in the studies about the fossil mammals from Brazil, although very little is known about the record concerning those of small size (Didelphimorphia, Chiroptera e Rodentia, Hystricognathi). Although these animals are recorded for eleven Brazilian states, most occurrences are isolated and fragmentary, except from Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State. Small mammals from two archaeological sites were studied, dating from the Early Holocene (± 9,400 years BP) until the Late Holocene (± 3,700 years BP). The sites are in the Northeast of Rio Grande do Sul State, at Montenegro and Santo Antônio da Patrulha Counties, situated at the boundary of two neotropical biogeographic subregions, Chaco and Parana. Besides from taxonomy, there were also studied paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental aspects of both areas. There were recorded 24 taxa of small mammal: Gracilinanus agilis, G. microtarsus, Monodelphis americana, Thylamys velutinus, Thylamys cf. T. velutinus, Didelphis sp., Philander opossum (Didelphidae), Chrotopterus auritus, Pygoderma bilabiatum (Phyllostomidae), Eptesicus brasiliensis, Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis cf. Myotis ruber, Vespertilionidae aff. Lasiurus (Vespertilionidae); Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus (Molossidae), Cavia sp., C. aperea, C. magna (Caviidae), Ctenomys sp. (Ctenomyidae), Myocastor coypus (Myocastoridae), Phyllomys sp., Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor and a new species, Clyomys sp. nov. (Echimyidae). The small mammal fauna composition from the two sites, mainly that of Echimyidae, made evident a taxonomic similarity with the fauna from Lagoa Santa. Among the taxa recorded, at least three of them are extinct (D. fossor, E. mordax and Clyomys sp. nov), what might indicate a greater diversity of Echimyidae during Holocene, in this way corroborating the hypothesis of rodent extinctions occurring much later northern than in southern South America. Concerning paleoclimatic aspects, the composition of the marsupials and caviomorphs was quite the same over time in both areas, indicating that climatic changes during the Holocene were possibly slow and gradual. The occurrence of marsupials and caviomorphs of grasslands and other ones of forested areas at the same levels incates a mosaic environment, but with grasslands predominance. The temporal difference in the beggining of forest expansion in both areas, which is hypothetized by the palynological data, could not be corroborated on the basis of the small mammals, because since Early Holocene (± 8,000 years BP) forest animals were present at both sites. Data on the Chiroptera did not contribute to the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental analyses, because of their irregular stratigraphic distribution and small number of specimens. The paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental inferences although preliminary, are the first contribution to a better understanding of Holocene of Rio Grande do Sul State.

Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS) / Some African mole-rats of the family Bathyergidea have dramatically different ecological niches which may cause selective anatomical adaptations. Bathyergus suillus lives in sandy soil and eats a wide range of food whereas Georychus capensis is restricted to the mountainous hard soil and eats mainly geophytes. Georychus capensis is considered a chisel-tooth digger in that it uses its incisors to dislodge soil while Bathyergus suillus is a scratch-digger that uses both its incisors and large front paws to dislodge soil. The purpose of this study was to compare certain aspects of the masticatory anatomy of Bathyergus suillus and Georychus capensis. In particular the question that drives this study is: Do the differences in ecology of the two species reflect in the anatomical adaptation of their masticatory apparatus? Nine whole body specimens of each species were obtained for this study. The masticatory apparatus of each specimen was dissected, examined and analysed.Selected bones of their skulls were investigated to determine their gross morphology. Digitalized images were captured by a high-resolution Olympus digital camera and were analysed by DOCU analysis software, in order to determine the morphometric parameters. In addition, the cleaned skulls of each species were weighed with a chemical balance. In order to make the comparison of the four muscles of mastication more effective than when using only their linear measurements, the mass (in grams) of each skull was divided by the length of each metric traits squared in order to yield their respective indices. Various statistical tests were used.This study has thus revealed some dissimilarities between the two species.Comparison of the two species reveals that one of the more distinguishing differences between the two is their upper incisors. There are also significant differences in the morphology and dimensions of their angular plates. And the external pterygoid muscle is significantly larger in Georychus capensis than in Bathyergus suillus, there are no significant differences between the others of the masticatory muscles of the two species.The feeding and foraging activities of Bathyergus suillus as well as Georychus capensis have close relationship with their lifestyles (digging abilities and adaptations). Bathyergus suillus is predisposed to dig with its incisors as well as its large front paws, and the range of food is large, whereas Georychus capensis uses its incisors only to dig, and the range of food is limited. Subsequently the skull of Bathyergus suillus is bigger than Georychus capensis. But, due to the environment of the latter, strong incisors are needed to perform its feeding and digging activities. The investigation thus reveals that the two selected species have successfully adapted their anatomical masticatory elements to their environments.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2015-09-24T16:03:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoMonoculturaPalma.pdf: 769109 bytes, checksum: 72fc6ac490416497b524e5c38beccd09 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2015-09-28T12:32:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoMonoculturaPalma.pdf: 769109 bytes, checksum: 72fc6ac490416497b524e5c38beccd09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T12:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_EfeitoMonoculturaPalma.pdf: 769109 bytes, checksum: 72fc6ac490416497b524e5c38beccd09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito da plantação de palma de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sobre a riqueza, composição e abundância da fauna de pequenos mamíferos não- voadores em áreas de Floresta Amazônica. Diferenças estruturais entre plantio de palma e floresta foram quantificadas através de parâmetros ambientais como abertura de dossel, densidade de sub-bosque e altura da serapilheira, e relacionadas aos padrões de composição e abundância da comunidade deste grupo da mastofauna. Ao todo foram registradas 23 espécies de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores, sendo 10 marsupiais e 13 roedores. Destas, 10 espécies foram registradas exclusivamente em plantações de dendê e quatro foram registradas somente em floresta. A altura da serapilheira e abertura de dossel tiveram maior influência sobre o agrupamento das amostras entre os habitats. A plantação de palma de dendê teve efeito positivo sobre a riqueza de espécies de pequenos mamíferos, mas não afetou a abundância total das espécies. Entretanto, mudou a composição de espécies e a abundância das populações. Além da formação dos “empilhamentos” nas plantações de palma de dendê, que parecem fornecer abrigo, proteção contra predadores e recursos para os pequenos mamíferos não-voadores a disposição dos fragmentos florestais entremeados com as áreas de plantio provavelmente favoreceu a ocorrência e deslocamento desta fauna através do plantio de palma, por isso, a proteção da vegetação é extremamente importante para a manutenção da fauna de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores.

Microsatellites are repetitive DNA characterized by tandem repeats of short motifs (2 – 5 bp). High mutation rates make them ideal for population level studies. Microsatellite allele genesis is generally attributed to strand slippage, and it is assumed that alleles are caused only by changes in repeat number. Most analyses are limited to alleles (electromorphs) scored by mobility only, and models of evolution rarely account for homoplasy in allele length. Additionally, insertion/deletion events (indels) in the flanking region or interruptions in the repeat can obfuscate the accuracy of genotyping. Many investigators use microsatellites, designed for a focal species, to screen for genetic variation in non-focal species. Comparative studies have shown different mutation rates of microsatellites in different species, and even individuals. Recent studies have used reciprocal comparisons to assess the level of polymorphism of microsatellites between pairs of taxa. In this study, I investigated the evolution of microsatellites within a phylogenetic context, using comparisons within the rodent family Bathyergidae. Bathyergidae represents a monophyletic group endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and relationships are well supported by morphological and molecular data. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, a robust phylogeny was generated for the Bathyergidae. From my results, I proposed the new genus, Coetomys. I designed species-specific genotyping and microsatellite flanking sequence (MFS) primers for each genus. Sequencing of the MFS provided direct evidence of the evolutionary dynamics of the repeat motifs and their flanking sequence, including rampant electromorphic homoplasy, null alleles, and indels. This adds to the growing body of evidence regarding problems with genotype scores from fragment analysis. A number of the loci isolated were linked with repetitive elements (LTRs and SINEs), characterized as robust phylogenetic characters. Results suggest that cryptic variation in microsatellite loci are not trivial and should be assessed in all studies. The phylogenetic utility of the nucleotide variation of the MFS was compared to the well-resolved relationships of this family based on the 12S/TTR phylogeny. Variation observed in MFS generated robust phylogenies, congruent with results from 12S/TTR. Finally, a number of the indels within the MFS provided a suite of suitable phylogenetic characters.

Two taxa of amphibians, five taxa of reptiles, and eighteen taxa of mammals were collected by screen-washing sediments from the upper Bidahochi Formation at White Cone peak, northeastern Arizona. Five new species of mammals were recovered. They include Perognathoides bidahochiensis (Heteromyidae), Bensonomys yazhi (Cricetidae), Bensonomys bradyi (Cricetidae), Paronychomys alticuspis (Cricetidae), and Martes (Plionictis) repenningi (Mustelidae). Bensonomys yazhi and Bensonomys bradyi are close to the stem of Central and South Americal hesperomyine radiation. The radiation began in the southwest United States and Mexico during the Hemphillian. The middle member of the Bidahochi Formation is dated at 6.7 m. y. by a basalt from Roberts Mesa. The paleomagnetic data and the White Cone local fauna support this middle Hemphillian date.

No / A novel series of 1,4-disubstituted aminoanthraquinones were prepared by ipso-displacement of 1,4-difluoro-5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones by hydroxylated piperidinyl- or pyrrolidinylalkyl-amino side chains. One aminoanthraquinone (13) was further derivatized to a chloropropyl-amino analogue by treatment with triphenylphosphine-carbon tetrachloride. The compounds were evaluated in the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line and its cisplatin-resistant variants (A2780/ cp70 and A2780/MCP1). The novel anthraquinones were shown to possess up to 5-fold increased potency against the cisplatin-resistant cells compared to the wild-type cells. Growth curve analysis of the hydroxyethylaminoanthraquinone 8 in the osteosarcoma cell line U-2 OS showed that the cell cycle is not frozen, rather there is a late cell cycle arrest consistent with the action of a DNA-damaging topoisomerase II inhibitor. Accumulative apoptotic events, using time lapse photography, indicate that 8 is capable of fully engaging cell cycle arrest pathways in G2 in the absence of early apoptotic commitment. 8 and its chloropropyl analogue 13 retained significant activity against human A2780/cp70 xenografted tumors in mice.