Zugl.: Diss.

Associated to a split, semisimple linear algebraic group G is a group of invariant quadratic forms, which we denote Q(G). Namely, Q(G) is the group of quadratic forms in characters of a maximal torus which are fixed with respect to the action of the Weyl group of G. We compute Q(G) for various examples of products of the special linear, special orthogonal, and symplectic groups as well as for quotients of those examples by central subgroups. Homomorphisms between these linear algebraic groups induce homomorphisms between their groups of invariant quadratic forms. Since the linear algebraic groups are semisimple, Q(G) is isomorphic to Z^n for some n, and so the induced maps can be described by a set of integers called Rost multipliers. We consider various cases of the Kronecker tensor product map between copies of the special linear, special orthogonal, and symplectic groups. We compute the Rost multipliers of the induced map in these examples, ultimately concluding that the Rost multipliers depend only on the dimensions of the underlying vector spaces.

This report covers a development project conducted as Bachelor of Science thesis for the Innovation & design engineer program at Karlstad University. The assignment was created by Sandvik Materials Technology (SMT) in Sandviken. The purpose of this project was to seek a solution to a problem the client experience when measuring Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). OEE is a measurement of machine utilization as how well a machine or operation utilized agent the planned time. Today OEE is used on all machines in the business and the company has a constant pursuit for a higher value. OEE shows the availability of the machine, the utilization as well as the quality exchange of the products it produces. This report is structured with an introduction followed by a theoretical framework that later chapters are based on. The report also includes an implementation part and a results part as well as a conclusion with a discussion. The goal of this project has been to find a new method to calculate and visualize OEE for production and to present an educational package for operators and flow managers to have a board knowledge to the measurements all across SMT. The result of the work was a new waterfall graph that visualizes all the losses in the production. The result has also provided an educational package for operators which includes a standard to what code to enter when the machine is in standstill. Further development of the work that has been done, is proposed to be implemented on other machines and also to standardize their work when reporting the cause of standstill in production.

Abschrift des Maschinenmanuskripts [2014], das im Original die SLUB Dresden übernimmt

Examensarbetet Skalmurar med bristfällig förankring är ett försök att belysa ett aktuellt problem samt sprida nyttig och viktig information. Vi har intervjuat företag, fastighetsägare entreprenörer och personer med anknytningar till byggbranschen med många års erfarenhet. Vi vill göra en bedömning av nuläget och se vad olika företag har gjort när det gäller renovering av murade fasader, som kan ha undermålig förankring.Vi vill också visa med bilder och modeller, vad som händer vid fasaderna, hur vindarna påverkar ett hus och var de största belastningarna finns. En egen undersökning har gjorts ute på olika arbetsplatser där vi provat metalldetektorer i hopp om att kunna lokalisera rostangripna kramlor, samt dokumenterat skicket på dem genom att ta bilder. Resultatet vi har kommit fram till genom våra fältstudier är att det utan några större problem går att lokalisera kramlor med hjälp av till exempel metalldetektorer. Flera av husen som vi undersökte hade rostiga kramlor i väldigt dåligt skick. På en del av husen var skicket på kramlorna så dåligt att det skulle behövas en renovering omgående. Resultatet av våra intervjuer visar också att det är få fastighetsföretag som gör stora åtgärder med sina fasader. Nyckelord: skalmurar, kramlor, rost, förankring, undersökning, byggteknik, fasader. / Our degree project is an attempt to shed some light to the problem regarding corroding wall ties. In Sweden we have built with bricks for a very long time. But after the Second World War we started to use the bricks not as part of the bearing construction but as facing. The wall ties were not always resistant to corrosion. During a ten year period (1960-70) we built one million dwellings. There is a risk that a lot of the brick walls on these dwelling houses have no anchoring. We want to spread important and useful information by taking part in both people and companies` experiences. Not only estate owners and building contractors were interviewed, but also people with long experience in the building trade. We wanted to take their information, with their permission, and make it available to other people. We know that not many tenant-owners associations in the city of Malmö have made examinations of their brick walls. So maybe our project could open their eyes and make them aware of the problem. Keywords: brick walls, wall ties, corrosion, anchoring, examine, building technique, facade.

Through history, iron has mainly been used as reinforcement in concrete. Contemporary building technology would not have been possible without reinforced concrete, however, from a global perspective, many concrete buildings have begun to encounter reinforcement corrosion, mainly due to chlorides and carbonation. When the chlorides come into contact with the reinforcing bars, a chemical reaction begins, which causes the iron to oxidize and begin to corrode. In a humid environment when the reinforcement corrodes, the iron expands and bursts the concrete from inside, which in turn results in cracks occurring in the concrete structure. In an environment with lack of oxygen, it often occurs that non expanding rust products form that are not defected on the concrete surface occurs through discoloring or spalling. This type of damage is not detected ocularly and therefore forms a more serious type of injury. This type of rust is a silent type of damage that can cause deteriorated bearing capacity in the construction, since the cross-sectional area of the reinforcement in the concrete decreases. Sweco has been involved in a couple of projects where there have been huge problems due to corrosion of reinforcement. The damages that emerged leading to the repairs of these type of damage costing large sums. This report is based on previous projects, articles, literature studies, reports and interviews. Interviews have been conducted with competent people who have shared their valuable opinions, knowledge and experiences. In order to stop ongoing corrosion of reinforcement and also repair the damage, several alternative solution and repair measures have been devolped. Some of the most relevant suggestions in this report is to remove the damaged concrete and then re-cast or alternatively cast in cathodic protection or a combination of these. / Genom historien har man främst använt sig av järn som armering i betong. Samtidens byggteknik hade inte varit möjlig utan armerad betong, dock behöver man vara uppmärksam på armeringskorrosion framför allt på grund av klorider och karbonatisering. När kloriderna kommer i kontakt med armeringsjärnen påbörjas en kemisk reaktion som leder till att järnen oxiderar och börjar korrodera. I fuktig miljö när armeringen korroderar, expanderar järnen och spränger betongen inifrån vilket i sin tur resulterar i att sprickor uppstår i betongkonstruktionen. I syrefattiga miljöer uppstår det oftast svartrost som är den typ av skada som uppstår inuti en betongkonstruktion. Denna typ av skada upptäcks inte okulärt och blir därför en allvarligare typ av skada. Svartrost är även den typ av skada som kan förorsaka försämrad bärighet i konstruktionen eftersom tvärsnittsarean hos armeringen i betongen minskar. Sweco har varit inblandade i ett par projekt där det har förekommit enorma problem på grund av armeringskorrosion. Skadorna som har uppstått på grund av armeringskorrosion har lett till att reparationerna av dessa skador har varit kostsamma. Denna rapport är baserad på tidigare projekt, artiklar, litteraturstudier, rapporter samt intervjuer. Intervjuer har genomförts med kompetenta personer som har delat med sig av sina värdefulla åsikter, kunskaper och erfarenheter för att få en bättre uppfattning av konsekvenserna som uppstår på grund av armeringskorrosion. För att stoppa pågående armeringskorrosion och även reparera skadorna, har reparationsåtgärder i denna rapport tagits fram. Några utav de mest relevanta förslag på åtgärder i denna rapport är att ta bort den skadade betongen för att sedan gjuta på nytt, alternativt gjuta in katodiskt skydd eller en kombination av dessa.

<p>The understanding and practice of leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa, in all spheres, is at the heart beat of this work. Questions and concerns over the quality of leadership in most countries in this particular region are reasons which have led to revisit and investigate the formative training of the current cohort of African leadership with a special focus on the ethical aspect of leadership. It is an assumption, in this thesis, that the contemporary cohort of African leadership received their formative training especially in the 1960s and 1970s and that they were deeply influenced by the black consciousness movement and, in association with that, by the emergence of black theology. In this respect, this research project explores the notions of ethics and leadership with a view to determine ways in which an appropriate leadership ethos was portrayed and articulated in the writings of selected exponents of the black theology movement, namely ML King (Jr), Desmond Tutu and Allan Boesak. The purpose of this work is therefore mainly descriptive: to map discourse on a leadership ethos in the context especially of black theology.</p>

<p>The understanding and practice of leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa, in all spheres, is at the heart beat of this work. Questions and concerns over the quality of leadership in most countries in this particular region are reasons which have led to revisit and investigate the formative training of the current cohort of African leadership with a special focus on the ethical aspect of leadership. It is an assumption, in this thesis, that the contemporary cohort of African leadership received their formative training especially in the 1960s and 1970s and that they were deeply influenced by the black consciousness movement and, in association with that, by the emergence of black theology. In this respect, this research project explores the notions of ethics and leadership with a view to determine ways in which an appropriate leadership ethos was portrayed and articulated in the writings of selected exponents of the black theology movement, namely ML King (Jr), Desmond Tutu and Allan Boesak. The purpose of this work is therefore mainly descriptive: to map discourse on a leadership ethos in the context especially of black theology.</p>

Magister Theologiae - MTh / The understanding and practice of leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa, in all spheres, is at the heart beat of this work. Questions and concerns over the quality of leadership in most countries in this particular region are reasons which have led to revisit and investigate the formative training of the current cohort of African leadership with a special focus on the ethical aspect of leadership. It is an assumption, in this thesis, that the contemporary cohort of African leadership received their formative training especially in the 1960s and 1970s and that they were deeply influenced by the black consciousness movement and, in association with that, by the emergence of black theology. In this respect, this research project explores the notions of ethics and leadership with a view to determine ways in which an appropriate leadership ethos was portrayed and articulated in the writings of selected exponents of the black theology movement, namely ML King (Jr), Desmond Tutu and Allan Boesak. The purpose of this work is therefore mainly descriptive: to map discourse on a leadership ethos in the context especially of black theology. / South Africa

Degradation of steel pipes in district heating systems is often a result of corrosion processes. To maintain the power in the systems the pipes gets replaced when they have been worn-out, resulting in high cost and long service time due to excavation. A more affordable and time- effective method is known to be relining which implies renovation and facing of the already existing pipes. This thesis covers an initial review of the applicability of a polyamide curing solvent-free epoxy based relining for lifetime extension of corroded pipes in Stockholm Exergi's pipeline network. The research study is comprised of a literature search focusing on the permeability properties of epoxy coatings, an experimental part where the actual coating was tested for defined parameters similar to the prevailing ones in the system of Stockholm Exergi and finally an evaluation of the usability of the coating. Critical parameters such as the adhesion between the coating and the steel substrate, the sorption of water within the coating and the emit of Bisphenol A were carefully investigated during the analysis. Analysis methods such as pull of test, TGA, DSC and GC-MS were utilized in order to investigate the critical parameters. The adhesion between the coating and the substrate was found to be inadequate for the purpose, the TGA and DSC analysis showed a time-dependent increasing water sorption when exposure to 120 °C. At a higher temperature of 190 °C the sorption decreased. It was concluded that the coating cured at higher exposure temperatures which implied higher degree of conversion and thus a more brittle epoxy matrix. Additionally, the hydrophobicity decreased during 28 days of exposure, at both 120 °C and 190 °C, which can be supposed to affect the flow in the pipeline system during service. It can be stated that a spray coating consisting a polyamide curing solvent-free epoxy will not answer to a total solution for a lifetime extension for the pipes in Stockholm Exergi's pipeline network. An extended investigation regarding the exterior isolation of the pipes is suggested in order to circumvent the most critical breakdowns due to corrosion.