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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Concep??o de um secador rotat?rio para secagem do cefalot?rax do camar?o

Honorato, Gerlane Carla 27 November 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GerlaneCH.pdf: 2523624 bytes, checksum: 25636f184895db3ffd64ba319ced9381 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The present work has as objective the knowledge of the process of drying of the cephalothorax of shrimp to give support the industry to make possible the use of this byproduct. In this sense, the process conditions in this tray dryer and spouted bed were analyzed. With these results, it was projected and constructs a dryer with specific characteristics for the drying of the cephalothorax. The desorption isotherms were obtained by the dynamic method in the temperatures of 20, 35 and 50? C and in the interval of 10-90% of relative humidity. It was observed that the product in form of powder can be conserved with larger stability for lower relative humidity to 40%. The curves of drying of the dryer of fixed bed were adjusted for the models: single exponential, biparametric exponential and Page. The model biparametric exponential more adequately described all the drying conditions studied. The tests carry out in spouted bed showed high drying rate for the material in the paste form in beds active dynamicly-fluid, provely the necessity of a feeding in shorter intervals of time to increase the thermal efficiency of the process. The projected dryer, be considered the obtained results, it was a rotary dryer with inert bed, feed co-current, discharge in cyclone to take place the separation gas-solid, and feed carry out in intervals of 2 minutes. The optimization of the equipment projected it was accomplished used the complete factorial experimental design 24, this had as independent variables temperature velocity of the air, feed flow rate and encapsulated concentration (albumin), as variables answers the thermal efficiency, the moisture content of obtained powder, total time of test and the efficiency of production of powder in several points of processing. The results showed that the rotary dryer with inert bed can present, also, good results if applied industrially / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o conhecimento do processo de secagem do cefalot?rax do camar?o de forma a dar respaldo a ind?stria para viabilizar o aproveitamento deste subproduto. Neste sentido, foram analisadas as condi??es de processo em secador de bandeja e leito de jorro. Tomando como base estes resultados, foi projetado e constru?do um secador com caracter?sticas espec?ficas para a secagem do cefalot?rax. As isotermas de dessor??o foram obtidas pelo m?todo din?mico nas temperaturas de 20, 35 e 50? C e na faixa de 10-90% de umidade relativa. Foi observado que o produto em p? pode ser conservado com maior estabilidade para umidade relativa inferior a 40%. As curvas de secagem do secador de leito fixo foram ajustadas pelos modelos: exponencial simples, biparam?trico e de Page. O modelo exponencial biparam?trico descreveu mais adequadamente todas as condi??es de secagem estudadas. Os ensaios realizados no jorro mostraram uma alta taxa de secagem para o material na forma de pasta em leitos fluidodinamicamente ativos, mostrando a necessidade de uma alimenta??o em intervalos de tempo mais curtos para aumentar a efici?ncia t?rmica do processo. O secador projetado, a partir dos resultados obtidos, foi um secador rotat?rio com recheio de inerte, alimenta??o cocorrente, descarga em um ciclone para promover a separa??o g?s-s?lido, e alimenta??o realizada em intervalos de 2 minutos. A otimiza??o do equipamento projetado atrav?s do planejamento fatorial completo 24, teve como vari?veis independentes a temperatura e a velocidade do ar, a vaz?o de alimenta??o e a concentra??o de encapsulante (albumina), e, como vari?veis respostas a efici?ncia t?rmica, a umidade do p? obtido, o tempo total do ensaio e a efici?ncia de produ??o do p? em diversos pontos do processamento. Os resultados mostraram que o secador rotat?rio com recheio de inerte tamb?m pode apresentar bons resultados se aplicado industrialmente
2

Avalia??o de insertos de metal duro revestidos com TiN pelo processo de gaiola cat?dica rotat?ria / Evaluation tin coated cemented carbide inserts by rotary cathodic cage process

Lima, Rams?s Otto Cunha 10 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-12-29T16:57:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RamsesOttoCunhaLima_TESE.pdf: 5128279 bytes, checksum: 673d7bbf7a9133df4af9de1eb8b9d2d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-02T19:01:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RamsesOttoCunhaLima_TESE.pdf: 5128279 bytes, checksum: 673d7bbf7a9133df4af9de1eb8b9d2d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-02T19:01:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RamsesOttoCunhaLima_TESE.pdf: 5128279 bytes, checksum: 673d7bbf7a9133df4af9de1eb8b9d2d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / A demanda pelo aumento da produ??o na ind?stria de fabrica??o por usinagem tem conduzido a pesquisas que promovam a melhoria do desempenho das ferramentas de corte. Assim, cada vez mais, estas suportam as condi??es severas impostas pelo processo de usinagem. Entretanto, por melhor que estejam definidos os par?metros de corte adotados, a ferramenta ir? sofrer desgaste devido ?s solicita??es tribol?gicas do sistema e ter? que ser substitu?da, interrompendo a produ??o. Isto motivou o processo de revestimentos das mesmas com filmes duros que conferem ?s ferramentas propriedades que, somadas ?s do material do seu substrato, prolongam sua vida ?til. Estes revestimentos, geralmente s?o realizados de maneira est?tica, resultando na necessidade de mais de um tratamento de deposi??o para que um inserto seja completamente revestido. T?cnicas de deposi??o por plasma como ASPN (Nitreta??o ? Plasma em Tela Ativa) tem sido bem aceitas industrialmente por conseguirem resolver estes inconvenientes. A Nitreta??o a Plasma em Gaiola Cat?dica (CCPN), desenvolvida com base na ASPN, promovem melhor ades?o do revestimento no substrato sem a necessidade de uma limpeza pr?via r?gida e ainda permitem bom controle das fases depositadas pela produ??o de ?ons e, consequentemente, do efeito de c?todo oco. Por?m esta t?cnica ainda mant?m a limita??o de n?o permitir a aplica??o tridimensional do revestimento, ou seja, em todas as superf?cies da amostra, pr?tica comumente aplicada a insertos de metal duro para usinagem. Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma nova forma de deposi??o de revestimentos para estas ferramentas pela aplica??o da t?cnica de Nitreta??o a Plasma em Gaiola Cat?dica Rotat?ria (RCCPN). Esta nova t?cnica de deposi??o, baseada na CCPN, possibilita que todas as faces da amostra recebam o filme durante o mesmo tratamento, devido ? rota??o da gaiola em torno do eixo do reator, o que promove maior uniformidade ? camada depositada, al?m de permitir o tratamento em lotes de pe?as. Para tanto, insertos de metal duro para torneamento foram revestidos por pela t?cnica RCCPN, mantendo-se corrente, tens?o, press?o e propor??o dos gases fixos, e variando-se apenas o tempo do tratamento. Estes, foram conduzidos a ensaios de torneamento, bem como de caracteriza??o por microdureza Vickers, DRX com incid?ncia rasante e MEV/EDS para avalia??o das propriedades mec?nicas do revestimento e sua ades?o ao substrato, bem com uniformidade do filme depositado. Como resultado foi poss?vel obter camadas dos filmes depositados mais uniformes do que as verificadas em tratamento com CCPN, com valores de dureza 40% maiores do que as medidas em insertos sem revestimentos. / The demand for increased production in machining industry has led to research that promote the improvement of cutting tools performance. Thus, increasingly, they support the harsh conditions imposed by the machining process. However, as good as the adopted cutting parameters are set, the tool will wear out due to tribological applications of the system and will need replacement, interrupting production. This motivated the coating process of the cutting tools with films that confer them properties that, together with the material of its substrate, extends its useful life. Such coatings are generally performed in a static manner, resulting in the need for more than one deposition treatment to assure that an insert is completely coated.Plasma deposition techniques as ASPN (Active Screen Plasma Nitriding) solve these drawbacks and still allow optimal control of deposited phases. The Cathodic Cage Plasma Nitriding (CCPN) process, developed based on ASPN, promotes better adhesion of the coating to the substrate without the need for pre-cleaning and besides allow good control of the deposited phases for the production of ions and, consequently, the hollow cathode effect. But this technique still has the limitation of not allowing the tridimentional application of the coating on all surfaces of the sample, a practice commonly applied to carbide inserts for machining process. This research aims to propose a new way of coating deposition to these tools by the application of Rotary Cathodic Cage Plasma Nitriding (RCCPN). This novel deposition technique based on CCPN, enables all sample surfaces to receive the film during the same treatment, due to rotation of cage around the reactor axis, which promotes better uniformity to the deposited layer, besides it enables the treatment in batches. Therefore, cemented carbide inserts were coated by RCCPN process, keeping current, voltage, pressure, and proportion of gas fixed and varying only the treatment time. These were led to turning tests, as well as characterization by microhardness Vickers, XRD with oblique incidence angle and SEM/EDS to evaluate the mechanical properties of the coating and its adhesion to the substrate, as well as the uniformity of deposited film. As a result it was possible to obtain layers of more uniform deposited films than those observed in CCPN treatment, with hardness values 40% higher that the measures in uncoated inserts.
3

Automa??o de um sistema rotat?rio para secagem do rejeito de maracuj?

Moura, Br?ggida Dantas de 28 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BriggidaDM.pdf: 1596693 bytes, checksum: 9715f450449b483eb851c1d730270c57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / The rotary dryer is one of the most used equipments in processing industries. Its automatic control mode of operation is important specially to keep the moisture content of the final product in the desired value. The classical control strategies, like PID (proportional integral derivative) control, are largely used in the industrial sector because of its robustness and because they are easy to be implemented. In this work, a data acquisition system was implemented for monitoring the most relevant process variables, like: both inlet and outlet drying air temperature, dryer rotation, outlet air speed and humidity, and mass of the final product. Openloop tests were realized to identify a mathematical model able to represent the drying process for the rotary system. From this model, a PID controller was tuned using a direct synthesis method, assuming a first order trajectory. The PID controller was implemented in the system in order to control the inlet drying air temperature. By the end, closedloop tests (operating in automatic mode) were realized to observe the controller performance, and, after setting the best tune, experiments were realized using passion fruit seeds as raw material. The experiments realized in closedloop showed a satisfactory performance by the implemented control strategy for the drying air temperature of the rotary system / O secador rotat?rio ? um dos equipamentos amplamente utilizados nas ind?strias de processamento. Sua opera??o em modo de controle autom?tico ? importante para manter, principalmente, a umidade do produto final na especifica??o de interesse. As estrat?gias de controle cl?ssicas, tais como o controle PID (proporcional integral derivativo), s?o largamente utilizadas no setor industrial devido ? sua robustez e facilidade de implementa??o. Neste trabalho foi implementado um sistema de aquisi??o de dados para o monitoramento das vari?veis mais relevantes do processo de secagem, tais como: temperatura do g?s na entrada e na sa?da do secador, rota??o do tambor, velocidade e umidade do ar na sa?da do secador, e massa do produto final. Testes em malha aberta foram realizados para identificar um modelo matem?tico capaz de representar o processo de secagem no sistema rotat?rio. A partir deste modelo, o controlador PID foi sintonizado utilizando o m?todo de s?ntese direta e admitindo uma trajet?ria de primeira ordem. O controlador PID foi implementado no sistema com o objetivo de controlar a temperatura do ar de secagem na alimenta??o do secador. Por fim, testes em malha fechada (operando em modo autom?tico) foram realizados para observar o desempenho do controlador e, com a melhor sintonia definida, experimentos com a mat?riaprima, rejeito de maracuj?, se procederam. Os ensaios realizados em malha fechada permitiram verificar um desempenho satisfat?rio da estrat?gia de controle implementada para a temperatura do ar de secagem do sistema rotat?rio
4

Estudo da din?mica de secagem em um secador rotat?rio com alimenta??o intermitente / Dynamic study of drying in rotary dryer operating with feed intermittent

Moura, Br?ggida Dantas de 15 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-12-29T17:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BriggidaDantasDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 2291552 bytes, checksum: 2fb9f82bd1437c5af48a519b0910e04e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-02T19:38:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BriggidaDantasDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 2291552 bytes, checksum: 2fb9f82bd1437c5af48a519b0910e04e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-02T19:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BriggidaDantasDeMoura_TESE.pdf: 2291552 bytes, checksum: 2fb9f82bd1437c5af48a519b0910e04e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A crescente atividade industrial de beneficiamento de polpas de frutas ? respons?vel pela gera??o de uma quantidade significativa de subproduto na forma de res?duos, constitu?dos basicamente de semente, casca e baga?o da fruta. Tais res?duos ainda s?o pouco aproveitados e o seu descarte direto pode resultar em preju?zos ambientais consider?veis. Portanto, ? de grande interesse cient?fico e tecnol?gico o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias para agregar valor econ?mico a estes res?duos. A secagem, por ser um dos processos mais utilizados na preserva??o de produtos aliment?cios, representa uma alternativa interessante de aproveitamento dos res?duos, podendo gerar um material com potencial aplica??o na forma de ingrediente para ra??o animal. Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo de secagem do res?duo de maracuj? atrav?s de um secador rotat?rio com recheio de inertes e fluxo concorrente, operando com alimenta??o intermitente do material. Diferentes condi??es de intermit?ncia e de temperatura do ar de secagem foram estudadas experimentalmente com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de resposta na sa?da do secador das seguintes vari?veis: umidade do s?lido; umidade do ar; temperatura do ar; e massa produzida cumulativamente ao longo da secagem. Tamb?m, um modelo matem?tico do processo foi implementado com o objetivo de descrever o comportamento de resposta din?mica nas condi??es estudadas. Tal modelo matem?tico foi escrito com base nos balan?os de massa e energia das fases s?lido e g?s (ar de secagem), resultando num sistema de equa??es diferenciais parciais (EDP), onde as vari?veis do processo (umidade e temperatura do s?lido e do g?s) s?o dependentes do tempo e do espa?o (dire??o da coordenada axial do secador). As propriedades fisico-quimicas e composicional do res?duo de maracuj? foram avaliadas e permitiram inferir importantes par?metros necess?rios ao modelo matem?tico. Testes iniciais de secagem em camada delgada demonstraram que a cin?tica de secagem apresenta uma caracter?stica de taxa constante, com constante de secagem dependente linearmente da temperatura. Um comportamento similar foi verificado no ajuste do modelo matem?tico do secador rotat?rio com os dados experimentais, onde se observou que a constante de secagem no termo de transfer?ncia de massa tamb?m apresentou forte correla??o com a temperatura de opera??o. De um modo geral, os valores calculados pelo modelo matem?tico acompanharam adequadamente a evolu??o de resposta de todas as vari?veis do processo, para todas as condi??es estudadas. Analisando-se a influ?ncia das condi??es operacionais em rela??o aos par?metros do modelo, observou-se que a dispers?o axial e a velocidade do s?lido foram influenciadas moderadamente pela intermit?ncia de alimenta??o, enquanto a constante de secagem e o coeficiente convectivo de transfer?ncia de calor foram fortemente influenciados pela temperatura. A partir do ajuste do modelo matem?tico do secador com as condi??es experimentais estudadas, simula??es explorat?rias foram feitas usando o modelo matem?tico em diferentes vaz?es de alimenta??o do material, tanto em regime cont?nuo quanto intermitente. O prop?sito principal com tais simula??es foi de avaliar qual a caracter?stica dimensional de projeto (L/Dc) do secador capaz de garantir uma melhor produ??o de material e que atenda uma especifica??o de umidade do produto. Tais resultados demonstraram a capacidade do modelo matem?tico para avalia??o dimensional de projeto b?sico, podendo ser tamb?m aplicado tanto na otimiza??o do processo quanto na implementa??o de estrat?gias avan?adas de controle. / The industrial fruit pulp processing is responsible for the generation of a significant amount of by-product in waste form, consisting essentially of seed, husk and rest of the fruit. These subproducts are still underutilized and their direct discard may result in considerable environmental damage. Therefore, it is of great scientific and technological interest to develop strategies able to add economic value to these waste. Drying is one of the processes most used for preservation of food products and represents an alternative for use in fruit waste. Drying processes can produce materials with potential application, mainly in form of ingredient for animal food. In this work, a drying study of passion fruit waste was performed using a rotary dryer containing inert loading and operating in concurrent flow with intermittent feed of material. Different experimental conditions were studied for intermittent material feed and air temperature, in order to evaluate the response behavior at the dryer outlet, verifying the following variables: moisture content of material; air absolute humidity; air temperature; mass (produced cumulatively during drying). Also, a mathematical model of the process was developed and implemented in order to describe the dynamic response characteristics in the studied conditions. This mathematical model was written based on microscopic balance of mass and energy for solid and gas phases, resulting in partial differential equations (PDE), where the process variables (temperature and moisture for solid and gas) are dependent on the time and space. Some physicochemical and compositional properties of passion fruit waste were evaluated, allowing to infer important parameters for the mathematical model. Drying in thin layer showed that the drying kinetics presents a characteristic of constant rate dependent linearly with the drying temperature. A similar behavior was observed in fitting the mathematical model of rotary dryer with the experimental data. It was noted that the drying constant for the mass transfer term also presented a strong correlation with the operating temperature. In general, the values calculated by the mathematical model were adequate in respect to all response variables and for all conditions studied. Analyzing the influence of operating conditions with respect to the model parameters, it was observed that the axial dispersion and the velocity of the solid were influenced moderately by the feed intermittence, while the constant of drying and the convective coefficient of heat transfer were strongly influenced by the temperature. From the mathematical model adjusted with the experimental conditions, exploratory simulations were performed in both continuous and intermittent regime and assuming different conditions of flow for the material. The main purpose with such simulations was to investigate the dimensional design feature (L/Dc) of the dryer, able to ensure better production and to comply with a product moisture specification. These results demonstrated that the mathematical model is able to perform a dimensional evaluation in equipment design as well as it can be applied for process optimization and advanced process control.
5

The muscle specific chloride channel ClC-1 and myotonia congenita in Northern Finland

Papponen, H. (Hinni) 08 January 2008 (has links)
Abstract Functional defects in the muscle specific chloride channel ClC-1 result in reduced chloride conductance and electrical hyperexcitability, which in turn impairs muscle relaxation and leads to myotonia. The gene CLCN 1 codes for ClC-1 in humans, and mutations in CLCN 1 cause the disease known as myotonia congenita. Worldwide over 80 mutations in CLCN1 have been described, but only three were found in patients in Northern Finland. These included two missense mutations and a nonsense mutation. The behavior and localization of the normal and mutated ClC-1 mRNA and protein were analyzed in muscle cell cultures. In intact muscle the ClC-1 protein was seen in the sarcolemma, but after myofiber isolation the protein was located intracellularly. Sarcolemmal localization was restored when myofibers were electrically stimulated or treated with a protein kinase C inhibitor. When mutated ClC-1 proteins were examined in a myofiber cell culture system, retardation in the ER was observed with the two missense mutations. The nonsense mutation did not have an effect on the transport from the ER to the Golgi elements, but the mutated ClC-1 was degraded more rapidly than the wild type ClC-1, at least in myotubes. Both retardation and degradation of the mutated ClC-1 are likely to result in too few channels present at the plasma membrane of the muscle cell to maintain normal physiological function. A very strict quality control in muscle cells was observed. The behavior and survival of multinuclear skeletal muscle cells is dependent on innervation and muscle activity, and the balance between the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation pathways modulates the function of muscle chloride channels. / Tiivistelmä Lihasspesifisen kloridikanavan ClC-1:n toiminnalliset virheet johtavat alentuneeseen kloridin johtumiseen solukalvon läpi ja lihassolun ylieksitoitumiseen. Tämän seurauksena lihaksen rentoutuminen vaikeutuu ja havaitaan myotoniaa, lihasjäykkyyttä. Pohjoissuomalaisesta potilasmateriaalista tautiin johtavia geenimutaatioita löytyi kolme erilaista. Poikkeuksellista havainnoissa on erilaisten mutaatioiden vähyys, mikä on tyypillistä suomalaiselle tautiperinnölle. Yhteensä tämän kloridikanavan mutaatioita on julkaistu yli 80 erilaista. Tutkiessamme normaalin ja mutatoidun ClC-1 lRNA:n ja proteiinin käyttäytymistä ja sijaintia lihassoluviljelmissä. Havaitsimme eron lihasleikkeiden ja eristettyjen myofiibereiden välillä. Lihasleikkeissä ClC-1 paikantui solun pinnalle sarkolemmalle, mutta eristetyissä myofiibereissä lähinnä solun sisälle. Stimuloimalla eristettyjä myofiibereitä sähkövirralla tai käsittelemällä proteiini kinaasi C inhibiittorilla, saimme kloridikanava-proteiinin siirtymään takaisin solun pinnalle. Proteiinitasolla kuljetuksessa on havaittavissa eroja. Aminohappomuutokseen johtavat pistemutaatiot aiheuttivat proteiinin jäämisen endoplasmiseen kalvostoon, kun taas ennenaikaisen stop-kodonin johdosta lyhentynyt proteiini kuljetetaan eteenpäin Golgin laitteeseen. Myotuubeissa tämä lyhentynyt proteiini kuitenkin hajotettiin nopeammin kuin normaali kloridikanavaproteiini. Sekä kuljetuksen hidastuminen että nopeampi hajotus johtavat tilanteeseen, jossa lihassolun solukalvolla on liian vähän kloridikanavia ylläpitämään lihaksen normaalia fysiologista toimintaa. Monitumaisten lihassolujen laaduntarkkailu havaittiin vielä monitahoisemmaksi kuin yksitumaisilla. Monitumainen lihassolu on riippuvainen hermoärsytyksestä ja lihasaktiivisuudesta. Lisäksi fosforylaatioon liittyvä signalointi on tärkeää ClC-1 proteiinin oikealle paikantumiselle lihassolussa.
6

Desenvolvimento de um sistema para quantifica??o da desorienta??o espacial

Alves, Cloer Vescia 29 May 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:56:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 407246.pdf: 8674308 bytes, checksum: 88576bdb5f2009f76772589297bcb649 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-29 / Esta disserta??o descreve o desenvolvimento da Cadeira Rotat?ria Eletricamente Controlada - Aperfei?oada (CREC-Ap), a partir do modelo modificado por Gessinger (2005), cuja base foi a disserta??o de mestrado de Piedade (2001), sendo ambos os trabalhos desenvolvidos no ent?o Laborat?rio de Microgravidade, do Instituto de Pesquisas Cient?ficas e Tecnol?gicas (IPCT), da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Foram incorporados diversos itens: estrutura de alum?nio, estrutura de a?o, cobertura, freio hidr?ulico, manche, aplicativo para capta??o de sinais e quantifica??o da desorienta??o, microc?mera, HUB USB sem fio, monitor de v?deo, expansor de portas USB, software de simulador de v?o, conector rotativo e r?gua de distribui??o de energia el?trica. A base te?rica traz a revis?o bibliogr?fica a respeito da fisiologia relacionada ? desorienta??o espacial, bem com aspectos detalhados da g?nese deste fen?meno e suas implica??es na atividade a?rea, com o foco na seguran?a de v?o, a partir da preven??o. A seguir, s?o apresentados os materiais e m?todos utilizados, trazendo na seq??ncia os resultados e discuss?es a respeito dos aperfei?oamentos propostos, concluindo-se que a CREC-Ap proporcionar? ampla aplica??o, tanto na a?rea de educa??o quanto de pesquisa, em prol da seguran?a de v?o
7

Incid?ncia cl?nica de fratura de limas endod?nticas de n?quel-tit?nio acionadas em cinem?tica rotat?ria cont?nua versus cinem?tica reciprocante : uma revis?o sistem?tica e meta-regress?o

Vieira, Ros?ngela Mello 18 January 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-09T17:05:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSANGELA_MELLO_VIEIRA_DIS.pdf: 2509683 bytes, checksum: 029b2e55766a406fa01c070281169016 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-14T12:03:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSANGELA_MELLO_VIEIRA_DIS.pdf: 2509683 bytes, checksum: 029b2e55766a406fa01c070281169016 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T12:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSANGELA_MELLO_VIEIRA_DIS.pdf: 2509683 bytes, checksum: 029b2e55766a406fa01c070281169016 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: The fracture of nickel titanium endodontic instruments may have a negative impact on the prognosis of the treatment, mainly because it blocks or prevents access to the root canal system in all its extension, compromising its modeling and sanification. Results from in vitro studies suggest that reciprocating motion can reduce the risks of torsion fracture and cyclic fatigue of NiTi instruments, compared to the continuous rotation movement. However, most of the studies that evaluate fracture resistance of instruments in reciprocating and rotational motion are in vitro studies, the generation of evidence of which is limited in comparison to the level of evidence generated by clinical studies in humans. Therefore, the present systematic review investigated whether the available evidence supports the hypothesis that reciprocating motion results in a lower clinical incidence of NiTi limb fracture as compared to rotational kinematics. Methodology: The PubMed, Embase, Isi Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched until August 2017, without language restriction. In addition to the electronic searches, manual searches were made for additional references in specific chapters of relevant books in the area and also search in the gray literature. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently assessed the quality of each study based on the NewCastle Ottawa scale. The main exposure variable was the type of kinematics used to prepare the root canal (continuous or reciprocating) and the primary outcome variable was determined by the incidence of fracture of NiTi instruments in endodontic treatments. The incidence of fracture was recorded, having as unit of analysis: patients, teeth, instruments or channels. Other confounding variables collected included: country, year of publication, study design, type of system, group of teeth, number of sessions, operator and number of uses of NiTi instruments. The sources of heterogeneity were explored and the bi and multivariate meta logistic regression were performed to calculate the pooled estimates - odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI - for the incidence of instrument fracture, assessing the role of primary exposure and co- as moderators of the outcome. Results: Among the 737 articles initially identified, after the duplicates were removed, 39 comprised the final quantitative analysis, of which 32 reported the use of continuous rotation and 7 the use of reciprocating kinematics. Thirty-seven studies were included in the meta regression (N = 48,405 instruments). The aggregate clinical incidence of fracture of NiTi files was 2.43%, being 2.62% for continuous rotational movement and 0.4% for reciprocating kinematics. In the bivariate analysis, continuous rotational motion showed a greater incidence of fracture in relation to the reciprocating kinematics (OR = 6.39, 95% CI = 1.10-36.9), and the other associated covariates (p <0.05) with the incidence of fracture were: year of publication, operator and number of uses of the instruments. The multivariate models revealed that the number of uses of NiTi files in> 1 tooth (OR = 6.46, 95% CI = 1.42-29.3) and that general clinical operators (OR = 11.8, 95% CI = 1.49-93.5) were independently associated with a higher incidence of fracture of NiTi files, whereas kinematics was non-significant (OR = 1.56, 95% CI= 0.24-10, 0) after the settings. Conclusions: Available evidence from observational studies is limited but consistent, suggesting that reciprocating kinematics is associated with a lower incidence of fracture of NiTi files when compared to continuous rotation. In addition, the results revealed that other related clinical factors to the abilities of the operator,to the number of uses of the NiTi instruments, and to the advances in alloy composition as well as in the design of the files, have proved to be more relevant factors for fracture prevention than the type of kinematics employed. / Introdu??o: A fratura de instrumentos endod?nticos de n?quel tit?nio pode ter um impacto negativo no progn?stico do tratamento, sobretudo por bloquear ou impedir o acesso ao sistema de canais radiculares em toda sua extens?o, comprometendo a sua modelagem e sanifica??o. Resultados de estudos in vitro sugerem que o movimento reciprocante pode reduzir os riscos de fratura por tors?o e fadiga c?clica dos instrumentos de NiTi, comparado ao movimento de rota??o cont?nua. Ainda assim, a maioria dos estudos que avaliam a resist?ncia ? fratura de instrumentos no movimento reciprocante e rotat?rio s?o estudos in vitro, cuja gera??o de evid?ncias ? limitada em compara??o ao n?vel de evid?ncia gerada por estudos cl?nicos em humanos. Portanto, a presente revis?o sistem?tica investigou se a evid?ncia dispon?vel suporta a hip?tese de que o movimento reciprocante resulta em uma menor incid?ncia cl?nica de fratura de limas de NiTi, em compara??o com a cinem?tica rotat?ria. Metodologia: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Isi Web of Science e Cochrane Library at? agosto de 2017, sem restri??o de idiomas. Al?m das buscas eletr?nicas foram realizadas buscas manuais por refer?ncias adicionais em cap?tulos espec?ficos de livros relevantes na ?rea e tamb?m busca na literatura cinza. Com base nos crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o, dois revisores avaliaram independentemente a qualidade de cada estudo com base na escala de NewCastle Ottawa. A principal vari?vel de exposi??o foi o tipo de cinem?tica empregada para o preparo do canal radicular (rotat?ria cont?nua ou reciprocante) e a vari?vel de desfecho prim?rio foi determinada pela incid?ncia de fratura de instrumentos de NiTi em tratamentos endod?nticos. A incid?ncia de fratura foi registrada, tendo como unidade de an?lise: pacientes, dentes, instrumentos ou canais. Outras vari?veis de confundimento coletadas incluiram: pa?s, ano de publica??o, desenho do estudo, tipo de sistema, grupo de dentes, n?mero de sess?es, operador e n?mero de usos dos instrumentos de NiTi. As fontes de heterogeneidade foram exploradas e a meta regress?o log?stica bi e multivariada foram realizadas para calcular as estimativas agrupadas ? odds ratios (OR) e 95%IC ? para a incid?ncia de fratura de instrumentos, avaliando o papel da exposi??o principal e das co-vari?veis, como moderadores do desfecho. Resultados: Entre os 737 artigos inicialmente identificados, ap?s remo??o das duplicatas, 39 compuseram a an?lise quantitativa final, dos quais 32 reportavam o uso de rota??o cont?nua e 7 o uso de cinem?tica reciprocante. Trinta e sete estudos foram inclu?dos na meta regress?o (N=48.405 instrumentos). A incid?ncia cl?nica agregada de fratura de limas de NiTi foi de 2,43%, sendo de 2,62% para o movimento rotat?rio cont?nuo e de 0,4% para a cinem?tica reciprocante. Na an?lise bivariada, o movimento rotat?rio cont?nuo demonstrou uma incid?ncia maior de fratura em rela??o ? cinem?tica reciprocante (OR=6,39, IC95%=1,10- 36,9), e as outras covari?veis associadas (p<0,05) com a incid?ncia de fratura foram: ano de publica??o, operador e n?mero de usos dos instrumentos. Os modelos multivariados revelaram que o n?mero de usos de limas de NiTi em >1 dente (OR=6,46, IC95%=1,42-29,3) e que operadores cl?nicos gerais (OR=11,8, IC95%=1,49-93,5) foram associados de modo independente com uma maior incid?ncia de fratura de limas de NiTi, enquanto que a cinem?tica demonstrou-se n?o-significante (OR=1,56, IC95%=0,24-10,0) ap?s os ajustes. Conclus?es: A evid?ncia dispon?vel, oriunda de estudos observacionais, ? limitada por?m consistente, sugerindo que a cinem?tica reciprocante est? associada com uma menor incid?ncia de fratura de limas de NiTi, quando comparada ao movimento de rota??o cont?nua. Al?m disso, os resultados revelaram que outros fatores cl?nicos relacionados ?s habilidades do operador, ao n?mero de usos dos instrumentos de NiTi, e aos avan?os na composi??o das ligas bem como no desenho das limas, demonstraram ser fatores mais relevantes para a preven??o da fratura do que o tipo de cinem?tica empregada.

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