Inclusion of special education students in general education classrooms has come to general acceptance by educators as one option in the continuum of special education service delivery. Another view of inclusion is the ideal of providing for all the varied individual needs of a diverse population of students: learning needs, physical needs, language needs, and social emotional needs, together, in all school settings. In the study school, special educators took a step toward the ideal of inclusion by providing all special education services in general education classrooms. Looking at the picture of inclusion in the school during the four years of the study, of how the ideas of inclusion were put into practice in the specific setting, is the puzzle of inclusion.In the study, specific instruments were used, including surveys and questionnaires, observations, whole group dialogue groups, a checklist, and individual interviews, for the purpose of gathering information about the setting to promote inclusion philosophy and practice, determining the activities to promote inclusion, and gaining insight into school members' attitudes and beliefs about inclusion in the school. In response to the specific instruments, school members participated in providing data, and the result was a body of in-depth information that could be helpful to others interested in the experiences andperceptions of the practice of inclusion in one rural elementary school.

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nÃo hà / Esta pesquisa numa proposta de estudo da histÃria e memÃria da educaÃÃo brasileira tem como fundamento primordial encontrar a gÃnese das escolas elementares rurais no Cearà e propor uma compreensÃo das mesmas tendo como ponto de partida a escola elementar da antiga fazenda Almas no municÃpio de CarirÃ, zona norte do estado. Nosso objetivo à a compreensÃo do funcionamento daquela escola e sua interface com a cultura enraizada nas paisagens semiÃridas tipicamente nordestinas. Percorrendo esses caminhos encontramos as respostas para algumas indagaÃÃes de nossa pesquisa especialmente aquela que procura justificar as razÃes que fizeram daquelas escolas as protagonistas da educaÃÃo primÃria rural durante parte do sÃculo XX em nosso estado. Nosso intuito à estudar a partir da evoluÃÃo educacional no Brasil a despeito de muitas ausÃncias de recursos a importÃncia daquelas casas escolas reconhecendo que muitas surgiram como alternativa para a instruÃÃo das populaÃÃes em que a falta de condiÃÃes impossibilitava o deslocamento para outras localidades. Desta forma contribuÃmos a partir dos nossos questionamentos com o entendimento de outras unidades de ensino e os reflexos das polÃticas equivocadas que foram promovidas na escola primÃria rural. Ou seja um programa de educaÃÃo tipicamente urbano sem no entanto atender as verdadeiras necessidades daquelas populaÃÃes que alÃm do sofrimento provocado pela falta de assistÃncia conviviam ainda com um quadro social agravado pelos longos perÃodos de estiagens / This research in a proposal for a study of the history and memory of brazilian education is based on finding the primary genesis of elementary rural schools in Cearà and propose an anderstanding of them. It has as starting point the elementary school of the old farm Almas in the municipality of Carirà north of state. Our goal is to understand the functioning of that school and its interface with culture rooted in semiarid landscapes typically from northeast. Traversing these paths we find the answers to same questions of our research, especially that one which seeks to justify the reasons that made those schools the protagonists of rural primary educacion during the twentieth century in our state. Our aim is to study from the educational developments in Brazil, despite the lack of resources, the importance of those schools houses, recognizing that many of them have emerged as an alternative to the education of populations in which the absence of conditions made impossible the displacement to other locations. In this way we contribute from our questions with the understanding of other teaching units and reflections of misguided policies that have been promoted in rural primary school. Then a typically urban education program without however meet the real needs of those populations beyond the suffering caused by the lack of assistence even lived with a social setting aggravated by long periods of drought

RIBEIRO JÚNIOR, Raimundo Gomes. As escolas elementares rurais no Ceará: paisagens e protagonismo na fazenda Almas – Cariré (1940-1950). 2013. 86f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-28T17:20:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-RGRJUNIOR.pdf: 395097 bytes, checksum: 9ad32ae44a2f3da0fdeddcb8997a657b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-28T17:23:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-RGRJUNIOR.pdf: 395097 bytes, checksum: 9ad32ae44a2f3da0fdeddcb8997a657b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-28T17:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-RGRJUNIOR.pdf: 395097 bytes, checksum: 9ad32ae44a2f3da0fdeddcb8997a657b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This research in a proposal for a study of the history and memory of brazilian education is based on finding the primary genesis of elementary rural schools in Ceará and propose an anderstanding of them. It has as starting point the elementary school of the old farm Almas in the municipality of Cariré north of state. Our goal is to understand the functioning of that school and its interface with culture rooted in semiarid landscapes typically from northeast. Traversing these paths we find the answers to same questions of our research, especially that one which seeks to justify the reasons that made those schools the protagonists of rural primary educacion during the twentieth century in our state. Our aim is to study from the educational developments in Brazil, despite the lack of resources, the importance of those schools houses, recognizing that many of them have emerged as an alternative to the education of populations in which the absence of conditions made impossible the displacement to other locations. In this way we contribute from our questions with the understanding of other teaching units and reflections of misguided policies that have been promoted in rural primary school. Then a typically urban education program without however meet the real needs of those populations beyond the suffering caused by the lack of assistence even lived with a social setting aggravated by long periods of drought. / Esta pesquisa numa proposta de estudo da história e memória da educação brasileira tem como fundamento primordial encontrar a gênese das escolas elementares rurais no Ceará e propor uma compreensão das mesmas tendo como ponto de partida a escola elementar da antiga fazenda Almas no município de Cariré, zona norte do estado. Nosso objetivo é a compreensão do funcionamento daquela escola e sua interface com a cultura enraizada nas paisagens semiáridas tipicamente nordestinas. Percorrendo esses caminhos encontramos as respostas para algumas indagações de nossa pesquisa especialmente aquela que procura justificar as razões que fizeram daquelas escolas as protagonistas da educação primária rural durante parte do século XX em nosso estado. Nosso intuito é estudar a partir da evolução educacional no Brasil a despeito de muitas ausências de recursos a importância daquelas casas escolas reconhecendo que muitas surgiram como alternativa para a instrução das populações em que a falta de condições impossibilitava o deslocamento para outras localidades. Desta forma contribuímos a partir dos nossos questionamentos com o entendimento de outras unidades de ensino e os reflexos das políticas equivocadas que foram promovidas na escola primária rural. Ou seja um programa de educação tipicamente urbano sem no entanto atender as verdadeiras necessidades daquelas populações que além do sofrimento provocado pela falta de assistência conviviam ainda com um quadro social agravado pelos longos períodos de estiagens.

隨著實驗教育三法的通過，公立學校發展實驗教育的新型態─「學校型態實驗教育」為偏鄉學校提供另類轉型的契機與出路。在《學校型態實驗教育實施條例》中，明文規定辦理此類實驗教育之學校可針對學校部分校務行政事項進行實驗，不受一般教育法規的限制。本研究旨在探討原本在面臨困境的臺灣公立偏鄉小學，在辦理實驗教育後在校務行政的運作有何實際的轉變與改進，並藉此了解學校型態實驗教育政策的內涵。 本研究透過深度訪談及田野調查之質性研究方法，探究偏鄉小學辦理學校型態實驗教育之校務行政變革與挑戰，得到的研究結論如下：（一）主管機關針對學校型態實驗教育政策無明確發展之目標；（二）辦理學校型態實驗教育之偏鄉小學行政業務量整體而言不減反增；（三）偏鄉小學部分行政業務並沒有因為辦理實驗教育而得到彈性發展的空間；（四）偏鄉小學因辦理學校型態實驗教育逐漸活絡校內課程討論與教學經驗分享的氛圍；（五）學校行政人員與教師在使用特定理念的教學方法時，面臨許多實際面上執行的困境，與主管機關所期望之理想情況有落差；（六）家長不夠清楚實驗教育的內涵，容易對實驗教育抱有過高的期望。最後，針對這些上述歸納之研究結論，提出對於主管機關實施學校型態實驗教育政策以及未來學校型態實驗教育相關研究的建議。 / As the Three-type acts of experimental education passed, the new type of experimental education for public schools－" Enforcement Act for School-based Experimental Education" encourages rural schools to change and transform. In "Enforcement Act for School-based Experimental Education," the act also expressly indicates that some administrative affairs of these school-based experimental schools could be experimented, not confined to normal education legislation. The aim of this study was to explore how school administration of Taiwan public rural elementary schools, which originally faced with challenges, actually change and improve, and to understand the school-based experimental education policy. Qualitative research method including an in-depth interview and field work were adopted to collect the data and to investigate how school administration change and what challenges they face. The conclusion of this study are as follow: (a) the authorities have no clear developmental aim on school-based experimental education policy, (b) on the whole, the amount of administration affairs for school-based experimental schools isn't less than before, is much more than before, rather, (c) part of administration affairs still have no flexible room for development, (d) the atmosphere of curriculum discussion and teaching experience share become more active, (e) specified teaching method used by school administrators and teachers is practically difficult, and doesn't meet expectations of the authorities, (f) parents who don't clearly comprehend the content of experimental education, tend to highly overestimate it. Finally, suggestions are given to the authorities and future researchers to improve the school-based experimental education according to conclusions above.

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