Orientador: Marcelo Siqueira Ridenti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T00:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sezerino_GlauberAquiles_M.pdf: 1446287 bytes, checksum: 167991651972c78199570c138868df1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho constitui uma reflexão, baseada em trabalho empírico, acerca das alterações sofridas durante a segunda metade do século XX no âmbito das práticas musicais de populações camponesas de Santa Catarina, marcadas pela cultura cabocla. Para a realização desta pesquisa, os dados foram coletados entre populações caboclas residentes em São José do Cerrito (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Nesta pesquisa, o objetivo é analisar as transformações ocorridas com relação a duas práticas musicais caboclas, a Recomenda das Almas e os Bailes. Enquanto a primeira prática consiste de uma celebração realizada tradicionalmente apenas durante a quaresma para recomendar as almas dos mortos, caracterizando-se por uma procissão cantada que tem como foco a remissão dos pecados daqueles que dela participam através da penitência e oração, a segunda diz respeito a eventos que são caracterizados como ¿pontos de encontro¿ que, integrando indivíduos de diferentes bairros rurais, articulam os caboclos com a sociedade abrangente. A análise destas práticas se deu a partir dos conceito de cultura e campesinato, de forma que a relação entre estas práticas musicais próprias da população cabocla e o adensamento do processo de modernização vivenciado por esta população a partir de 1960 se mostrasse de forma mais precisa. Ao final da pesquisa, notou-se que as contradições surgidas no interior da relação entre essas práticas musicais e o processo de modernização se inserem na própria contradição existente entre o modo de organização do trabalho camponês e o capital, tomado enquanto relação social / Abstract: This work constitutes a reflection, established in empirical work, concerning the alterations suffered during the second half of century XX in the scope of the musical practices of peasantry populations of Santa Catarina, marked for the caboclo culture. For the accomplishment of this research, the data had been collected between caboclo populations resident in São José do Cerrito (Santa Catarina, Brazil). In this research, the objective is to analyze the occured transformations in two caboclo musical practices, Recomenda das Almas and the Balls. While the first practice consists of a celebration carried through traditionally only during quaresma to recommend the souls of deceased, characterizing itself for a sung procession that has as focus the remission of the sins through the penance and conjunct, the second practice says respect about the events that are characterized as "meeting points" that, integrating individuals of different peasant communities, articulate the caboclo with the including society. The analysis of these both practices is based in the concept of culture and peasantry, of form to apprehend the relation between these caboclo¿s musical practices and the process of modernization lived deeply for this population from 1960. To the end of the research, it was noticed that the contradictions appeared in the interior of the relation between these musical practices and the process of modernization is insert in the existing contradiction between the way of organization of the peasant way of work and the capital, taken while social relation / Mestrado / Trabalho, Cultura e Ambiente / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Zeila de Brito Fabri Demartini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T21:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_Vitor_D.pdf: 17156697 bytes, checksum: 740c04533bfaeca622d40bb75827c070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O autor procurou compreender o significado da educação escolar de ensino fundamental das escolas do assentamento Sumaré, com o propósito de verificar se o processo de ensino aprendizagem produzido por elas atendeu ou ainda atendem aos princípios filosóficos formulados pelo Movimento Sem Terra, os quais fazem parte dos documentos oficiais editados por esse movimento. Para a elaboração dessa pesquisa foram colhidos dados junto aos jovens assentados que realizaram seus estudos, de primeira a quarta séries do ensino fundamental, nas escolas do assentamento e com representantes do corpo docente e administrativo da escola, priorizando a história oral dos sujeitos pesquisados, o que possibilitou uma maior proximidade com a realidade dos indivíduos pesquisados. Os dados revelaram que o ensino praticado nas escolas do Assentamento Sumaré, sempre seguiram as diretrizes impostas pelo sistema oficial de ensino, trabalhando os conteúdos característicos da escola urbana, as quais não atendem a diversidade e as necessidades diferenciadas das crianças assentadas / Abstract: The author sought to understand the meaning of school education of basic education schools in the settlement Sumaré, with the purpose of verifying that the process of teaching learning produced by them met or meet the philosophical principles formulated by the Landless Movement, which are part of official documents published by that movement. For the development of this research were collected data from the young settlers who carried out their studies, first to fourth grades of basic education, in schools and the settlement with representatives of the faculty and administration of the school, giving priority to oral history of the subjects studied, the that has allowed greater closeness to the reality of individuals surveyed. The data showed that the teaching practice in schools of Seating Sumaré, always followed the guidelines imposed by the official system of education, working the contents of typical urban school, which do not meet the diversity and the differing needs of children settled. / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutor em Educação

Religiosity is adopting a belief system surrounding concepts of purpose, meaning, and value through an institution that has already defined these concepts prior to the individual member attending and that member’s degree of participation. Religiosity does have protective factors against negative health outcomes. This protective influence was evaluated in this study. Data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were examined to learn about the relationship between protective effects of religious participation on substance abuse, and whether this association weakened for individuals who have experienced higher levels of childhood abuse. A binary logistic regression was completed to examine this relationship. Religiosity does decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder for lower levels of childhood maltreatment, but only slightly. In extreme cases of sexual, emotional, and physical abuse, religiosity does not decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder.

The goal of this dissertation was to explore aging lesbian and gay individuals living in rural communities, in terms of their social networks and the relationships between these networks, identity, health, and quality of life. Guiding the study were three overarching questions. Using a multi-method design, the research was grounded within a socio-ecological context and focused on how structural systems create pathways for health and are affected by social position (intersectionality). Participants (n=25) were recruited from Kentucky (n=20), West Virginia (n=3), and Tennessee (n=2). Thirteen participants self-identified as gay and twelve as lesbian. Findings highlight the complexity of the aging experience and the difficulty in parsing out the influence of a rural location, the aging process, and being a lesbian or gay male, on social network development, identity, health, and quality of life. Findings indicate that rural gay and lesbian individuals develop networks based on need with limited consideration for network members’ acceptance of their identity. The findings also indicate that networks are primarily composed of heterosexual members. Social isolation and loneliness remain a pervasive issue in the rural gay and lesbian aging community. Finally, network size does not affect the overall health and quality of life for rural aging lesbian and gay individuals, but identity congruence does. Conclusions point to the greater need for research to understand the factors affecting aging lesbian and gay individuals in rural environments. Opportunities abound for developing further research addressing social isolation among this population and exploring the positive relationship between identity congruence and quality of life. The findings highlight the collective need to continue research into sexual minority aging and rural sexual minority aging.

Research on hate crime has tended to utilize sociological frameworks to best explain the incidence of such offending, but little research has been conducted to determine whether political factors may play a role. Although Olzak (1990) touched upon the relationship between racial violence and third-party politics during the American Progressive era (1882-1914), the research did not fully articulate how political competition may influence the commission of hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap, while also extending concepts associated with social disorganization theory and the defended communities perspective. It does so by utilizing a longitudinal research design to assess the impact of theoretical predictors and political competition measures on hate crime prevalence in counties across three states (Tennessee, Virginia & West Virginia) over a seven-year span (2010-2016).

The population of Black farmers in the U.S. has declined to 2% of farmers in the U.S. because of institutional racism, land dispossession, heir’s property, and youth’s disinterest in farming. Most works on Black farmers have focused on racism, and heirs’ property, but little is known about the influence of race, gender, and inheritance on Black farmers’ experience. To understand this, I asked: what are the contemporary challenges associated with farming among Black farmers in Mississippi? How do race, gender, and inheritance influence the experiences of Black farmers? And how do Black farmers cope with their farming challenges? Twenty farmers in Mississippi were interviewed using semi-structured questions, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings shows that farming is a ‘retirement haven.’ Interviewees experience “closed door” to resources. Farming is gendered, and heirs’ property limits Black farmers to small acreages. Cooperative provides support for Black farmers.

Sweat Stones is a story collection and a novel excerpt. All of its parts are set in the American South, and are concerned with the intersection between class and geography. The majority of the characters are a part of underrepresented portions of their local population—they are trapped within cycles of poverty, in turns longing for escape and wearing their mixed brands of anguish like badges. The longer stories have firm roots in Realism, while the shorter ones, which serve as breaks between the collection’s major sections, are tinged with degrees of Absurdism or Magical Realism. Through these stories I hope to have translated what can be translated about a place—its rhythms and personalities, the images and logics that distinguish it from anywhere else. It’s a kind of language-made hallucination. As the characters buckle under the weight of their rigors, their stories push against the limits of plausibility. Most share these stylistic concerns, especially those written in first-person. But even when the voice and tone shift into what seems like a different narrative realm, what holds them together are the dire situations of the characters. A poor family suffers the death of a child and the father has to leave them for work. A marginalized group of stage riggers use up all of their energy for nothing. A man feeds into his self-loathing as a series of capricious relationships unravel. Sweat Stones, which takes its name from the flat slates that heat the contemplative atmosphere of a sweat lodge, is a reflection on the mutual burdens borne of laborious life. It’s a gesture of solidarity for a particular kind of struggle, in which I have participated in one form or another. Along the way I met the people, grew up around the places that would become the subjects of this fiction.

Historically, Appalachia has been stereotyped as being a culture bred in poverty and ignorance. Much research has shown that stereotyping reveals a pattern of behavioral change and an impact on psychological well-being for the stereotyped (e.g., Pinel, 1999; Woodcock, Jernandez, Estrada, & Schultz, 2012), and has largely been centered on race and gender (e.g., Byrnes, 2008; Tuckman & Monetti, 2011). Less is known about the development of culture-specific stereotypes such as those related to Appalachians – a highly stigmatized group (Daniels, 2014; Otto, 2002). The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of how adolescents in rural Appalachia develop awareness of stereotypes about Appalachia. Stratified random sampling was used to select twelve students (Grades 6-12) belonging to a small school district located in the Appalachian region of eastern Kentucky who were invited to participate in individual interviews. Eight of the participants self-identified as Appalachian, but for distinct reasons. Students characterized Appalachia for its strong sense of community, accessibility to nature, and lack of opportunities. All students readily identified negative Appalachian stereotypes, but most, particularly older students, were quick to defend the integrity of their culture and community. When discussing cultural stereotypes, the richness of student responses varied by grade-level.

The study examines the influences of the Qianmen urban renewal project on its original residents, which is one of a few demonstration projects under the new policy orientation of urban renewal practices in Beijing, China, entering the new century. It employs "residential satisfaction" as an evaluative indicator to understand the residents' experiences before and after urban renewal. Seventy-two residents were interviewed. Among them, 25 remained in Qianmen; 20 relocated to Hongshan, a neighborhood in the central city area; 21 moved to Longyue, a neighborhood in one of the suburban areas; and 6 residents relocated to other locations. The study found that the participants' level of residential satisfaction was skewed toward dissatisfaction before the urban renewal, whereas participants showed a much higher satisfaction level after the urban renewal, which means that overall the Qianmen urban renewal project had positive impacts on the residents' residential environment. However, among the three neighborhoods, there are no statistically significant differences. The policy arrangements of the Qianmen urban renewal project contribute to the results. Under the new policy orientation, the policy arrangements of the Qianmen urban renewal project featured a government-led approach with a large amount of public investment, which formed a good basis to provide better compensation to the residents, in particular to provide extra aid to low income residents. Therefore, the residents got their housing conditions improved to a large extent contributing to their higher level of residential satisfaction after the project was implemented. Because of the extra aid, the low income residents were even more satisfied than the middle-high income residents. On the other hand, the policy arrangements took into account the opinions of the original residents, in other words, most residents made their own decision about where to live after the urban renewal. In this circumstance, they actually saw the urban renewal as an opportunity to improve their residential environment, in spite of the fact that the urban renewal project was initiated by the municipal government. Therefore residents stayed or relocated voluntarily, which significantly predicts the resulting higher level of residential satisfaction. The findings in the Qianmen case remind us that we do need a more open, balanced perspective for analysis of urban renewal processes and outcomes, rather than a predominantly negative displacement view embedded in a gentrification discourse; and that policy arrangements toward more redistribution and social equity are more likely to achieve positive outcomes for disadvantaged people. However, the improvements in unit size and housing quality are the main achievements of the urban renewal. Many residents still face the shortage of community facilities in the short run, and in the long run they might continue to suffer from poorer accessibility to public facilities and other resources. Furthermore, the urban renewal inevitably caused social disturbances for many residents, in particular for disadvantaged people (low income residents, and the elderly, etc), although the negative impacts of relocation on social networks were mitigated by the benefits of escaping the social conflicts and annoyance in the original neighborhood, and were compensated by the improved housing conditions. Generally, the key argument of this study is that policy makers need to pay more attention to the disadvantaged class; in other words, the government needs to assume its role more actively in redistribution and social equity.

The thesis was originally done for the Center for Intercultural & Folk Studies which no longer exists.