For decades, healthcare access and quality in central and southern Appalachia have trailed the rest of the country. Entrenched poverty and low educational attainment compound healthcare problems. This study examines the healthcare obstacles women encounter in southern and central Appalachia and analyzes how technology use, such as Internet searching and social media affect women’s healthcare decisions. Data were analyzed from four focus groups conducted with women from the region. Results indicate that seeing a physician or not did not influence women’s propensity to search the Internet for health-related information or to seek support through social media sites. Additionally, women reported facing many barriers including trust in local physicians, access, availability, cost, and quality of healthcare. These issues often impede women’s access to preventative care and place burdens on their health and an already strained healthcare system.

This study documents the lifestyle on a small, prosperous black farmstead in the Richland community of Butler County, Kentucky. It is based on extensive fieldwork and interviews conducted with Percy Beeson, owner of the farm for aver fifty years. The result of the fieldwork and interviews was the documentation of how this farmstead, maintained without mechanical farm equipment, worked as a functional unit on a year-round basis. As a functional unit, the Beeson farmstead is described in terms of the Beeson family and their ownership of the farm and the breakdown of the property into two dependent units. In the first area, the Family Unit, the food supply and home industries were prepared and supervised by the women of the household. These activities are discussed according to the seasons of the year, beginning with spring and ending with winter. The second area, the Farm Unit, was run by the Beeson men and contained the major crops and farm animals. This area is also described according to the seasons of the year. The results of this study clearly portray this non-mechanized, small black farmstead as a functional and traditional economic enterprise for Percy Beeson.

This project explores the agricultural heritage and current social landscape of the Stinking Creek community of Knox County, Kentucky, and the legacy of the local nonprofit organization the Lend-A-Hand Center. Through participatory research, this project presents a reflexive account of the Lend-A-Hand Center Grow Appalachia Gardening Program examining the diverse economy of the Stinking Creek watershed and possibilities for new economic imaginings and post-coal futures for central Appalachia. This dissertation includes an oral history project, a theoretical examination, and an ethnographic reflection, bridging several literatures in the fields of agricultural history, Appalachian Studies, Participatory Action Research, research within the diverse economy framework, and feminist political ecology. For three years I coordinated the Grow Appalachia program through the Lend-A-Hand Center, developing agricultural initiatives in Knox County, working to re-localize food systems through home gardens, community gardens, and the establishment of the Knox County Farmers’ Market, and gathering stories through oral histories on the Creek. Problematizing the 1967 book Stinking Creek, by John Fetterman, this account of the community seeks to call attention to the importance of critical analyses of representations of people, processes, and places. In the face of pressing social issues in central Appalachia and renewed interest in the discourses of development, local food, and post-coal transition, this work seeks to intervene in region-wide discussions and suggest avenues for change and possibility. The Lend-A-Hand Center Grow Appalachia Gardening Program illustrates the potentials for community-based agriculture projects in the region to promote a variety of economic processes, foster and preserve agricultural traditions, and impact the conversation about outlooks for the region. This research provides policy and programmatic suggestions regarding the importance of relocalization of food systems and different (re)presentations of community narratives as part of a multifaceted agenda toward a just, sustainable future for eastern Kentucky and the region.

Contemporary scholars seeking to increase Tuber Melanosporum truffle production rely almost exclusively on technological advancements to increase yields, while failing to place the cultivation of truffles, trufficulture, in its historical or local landscape contexts. In this dissertation, I describe how truffle scholars’ conceptualization of trufficulture and landscapes has changed over 150 years in France, while focusing on the French département of Lot. I examine changing relations between humans and nonhumans and how they impact truffle harvests. I analyzed the history of French trufficulture through a close reading of historic truffle manuals, archival research and the classification of remotely sensed images. Shifting from the past to the present, from July 2014-August 2016, I conducted semi-structured survey interviews with working truffle-growers (trufficulteurs) and participant observation at meetings of trufficulteurs, truffle hunts and truffle markets. I utilize actor-network theory (ANT) as both a theory and methodology. Actor-network theory allowed me to follow the impacts made by both humans and nonhumans on trufficulture. I found that truffle harvests in the 1880s dropped by 90%. Highly populated, intensively worked landscapes of viticulture, silvopastoralism and cereal cultivation created conditions suitable to truffles. By the 1870s the phylloxera aphid ravaged grapevines, which made trufficulture an important source of revenue. These advantageous conditions would not last. Post-WWI, yields fell for decades because of an ongoing rural population exodus and consequent agricultural abandonment, which promoted reforestation and closed canopy forests in Lot, France. By the 1960s, French trufficulteurs organized associations to share knowledge and promote local truffle markets to revive production. Trufficulteurs’ utilization of tractors, ‘inoculated’ plants and irrigation systems produced a new form of “modern” trufficulture. State subsidies helped trufficulteurs adopt “modern” practices, in hopes of increasing yields. “Modern” trufficulture has not dramatically increased yields. A few highly-capitalized trufficulteurs dominate production in Lot. Many others practice trufficulture as a hobby. Instead of relying on “modern” technological fixes, my findings suggest that trufficulteurs, farmers and states should reinvigorate extensive polyculture farming practices that maintain open canopy forests, which were beneficial to trufficulture in the past. Actor-network theory allowed me to rethink human and nonhuman relations, and to propose alternatives to “modern” trufficulture.

Customary land ownership, recording and registration are complex issues in the Solomon Islands. At present, 87% of the land is held under customary laws. Almost all (some 99%) of the land held under customary law is not surveyed, recorded or registered to the tribes. Customary land disputes have been inhibiting rural development initiatives, which is partly responsible for the ill-being of the people. The Family Tree Approach (FTA) is a process being used within the To'abaita region of the Malaita Province to help address problems in the dilemmas of land ownership, land disputes, land recording, land registration and rural development in land held under customary laws in To’abaita. The FTA is a blend of indigenous epistemology, modern practices and Christian principles. Indigenously, the tribes identify with their land by tracing their origins through genealogies, historical narrations, tribal epics and chants, shrines and properties. Rev. Michael Maelia’u, a Church Minister and a former Parliamentarian, promotes the FTA. The FTA has four pillars (principles) – recognition, reconciliation, recording and registration – which are covered within five sequential phases. For instance, recognition is done in phase one of the process, enabling all members of a tribe to recognize each other. Reconciliation is part of the process, promoting forgiveness and acceptance of tribal members. Recording is an important pillar of the FTA, as its role is to produce documents that will be accepted by the law. Research results show that land registration is also a pillar of the FTA; once customary land is registered to the tribes, land disputes will be resolved, thereby enabling sustainable rural development that improves the people’s well-being. The FTA, however, is currently not formally recognized in the country. It has been used by 12 of approximately 20 tribes within the To'abaita region. Some of the To'abaita tribes have not adopted the FTA for various reasons. The FTA has enabled the disintegrated generations to recognize or identify with one another. It enables public recognition of existing tribes, tribal genealogies, tribal tales, tribal epics, the tribal iii shrines, and the tribal land. Reconciliation has been carried out at both intertribal and intra-tribal levels. The FTA enables identification of people who are residing on land and utilizing resources they do not have a right to. It makes people aware of their roots or the land of their origin, which would then lead to reduced land disputes that constrained development initiatives and the well-being of the people. The results, however, indicated that the FTA has problems either in the approach itself or in its management. It is incapable of achieving its objectives (reducing land disputes, enable rural development, enable tribal land registration, and resettling land that was wrongly acquired). People have split perception of the FTA and the legislation; this therefore reduces potential motivation that is needed to advance the approach. Results of the research also indicated that no proper and serious documentation has been done, despite knowing that it is one of the pillars. In To'abaita, gender and culture are contributing issues, which cause difficulties to the FTA. Also, the FTA lacked financial support. Those that have experience with the FTA believe that the FTA objectives need to be made known to promote motivation to the illiterate people of To'abaita. Adequate communication of issues to improve the FTA is essential. Forming a committee that oversees the design and management of the FTA is necessary for its improvement, and adequate financial support will bring the FTA forward. Chief empowerment by the legislation is essential to enable the FTA to achieve its objectives in the future.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5638.pdf: 3863541 bytes, checksum: 74ed5556a4774ead28ebb806dd347636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Reports from IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) call attention to the possibility of water shortages, to the collapse of the Amazon system, to the biodiversity crisis, and to the proliferation of extreme weather events. Anthony Giddens, British sociologist formulator of the theory of structuration, elaborates an analytical category appointing precisely the lack of concrete actions related to this environmental issue in the policy and in the daily practices. According to him, when practical measures for protecting the environment are put into practice, there will not be enough time to reverse the environmental collapse, setting the self-styled Giddens‟s Paradox. Such point of view of environmental question transforms in normative, abstract and universal, leaving to conceive it as eminently contextual - result of the interaction between individuals, groups and institutions. Precisely so it this research takes this analytical category as a starting point for a relational approach of environmental issues through his own theory of structuration. So, the environment and the nature are now considered as structural principles: as rules and resources mobilized in the reproduction and transformation of social life and, therefore, as objects of appointment disputes and discursive resignifications. In order to analyze sociologically the relational aspect the environmental issue through a qualitative research - theoretically and methodologically linked to the theory of structuration the county of Brotas (São Paulo/Brazil) was established as case study. Are used as research methods: semi-structured interviews, snowball technique, documental survey, photo documentation and socioeconomic questionnaire. This particular location shows a convergence between the multiple conceptions of the environmental issue, the professionalization of ecotourism and of the discursive resignification of the rural areas, allowing the visualization of multiple cognitive perceptions of the environmental issue. The critical debate from Giddens enabled the analysis of four social processes of resignification in the Brotas county: a) The Jacaré-Pepira River; b) From the "hole" to the tourist attraction; c) From Radical to Disneyland; and d) The Estrada do Patrimônio . In summary, the trajectory of the dissertation seeks to discuss sociologically that the environmental issue does not arise in everyday life in a universal and normative form, but eminently as cognitive perception linked to the complexity of knowingness agents. / Relatórios do IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Mudanças Climáticas) alertam para a possibilidade de escassez de recursos hídricos, de colapso do sistema amazônico, de crise da biodiversidade, e de proliferação de eventos climáticos extremos. Anthony Giddens, sociólogo britânico formulador da teoria da estruturação, elabora uma categoria analítica que nomeia justamente a ausência de ações concretas em relação a essa questão ambiental nas práticas políticas e cotidianas. Segundo ele, quando medidas práticas de proteção ao meio ambiente forem postas em práticas, não haverá mais tempo suficiente de reverter o quadro de colapso ambiental, configurando o autodenominado Paradoxo de Giddens. Tal perspectiva da questão ambiental acaba por torná-la normativa, abstrata e universal, deixando de concebê-la como eminentemente contextual - fruto da interação entre indivíduos, grupos e instituições. Justamente por isso a pesquisa toma essa categoria analítica como ponto de partida para uma abordagem relacional da questão ambiental através da própria teoria da estruturação. Assim, meio ambiente e natureza passam a ser considerados como princípios estruturais: como regras e recursos mobilizados na reprodução e transformação da vida social e, portanto, como objetos de disputas de nomeação e de ressignificação discursiva. Para analisar sociologicamente o aspecto relacional da questão ambiental através de uma pesquisa qualitativa - teórica e metodologicamente vinculada à teoria da estruturação - estabeleceu-se o município de Brotas-SP como estudo de caso. São utilizados como métodos de pesquisa: entrevistas semiestruturadas, técnica de bola de neve, levantamento documental, fotodocumentação e questionário socioeconômico. Tal localidade específica apresenta uma convergência entre as múltiplas concepções da questão ambiental, a profissionalização do ecoturismo e a ressignificação discursiva do próprio espaço rural, possibilitando a observação de múltiplas percepções cognitivas da questão ambiental. O debate crítico a partir de Giddens permitiu a análise de quatro processos sociais de ressignificação no município de Brotas: a) O Rio Jacaré-Pepira; b) Do buraco ao atrativo turístico; c) Do Radical à Disneylândia e d) A Estrada do Patrimônio. Em síntese, a trajetória da dissertação procura debater sociologicamente que a questão ambiental não emerge na vida cotidiana de forma universal e normativa, mas eminentemente como percepção cognitiva vinculada à complexidade da cognoscência dos agentes.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-02T16:44:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO SATURNINO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2006..pdf: 24293368 bytes, checksum: f85954384f32afa82f7e0520551e93ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T16:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO SATURNINO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2006..pdf: 24293368 bytes, checksum: f85954384f32afa82f7e0520551e93ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08 / Neste trabalho, abordo as migrações dos jovens rurais do município de Tavares, no Estado da Paraíba, para os canaviais da região de Ribeirão Preto, interior de São Paulo, a partir da consideração de três aspectos principais: primeiro, a busca de projetos de autonomia na construção das identidades de jovens e de gênero; segundo, o acesso à renda monetária como possibilidade de acesso a bens de consumo; e terceiro, a invenção e ressignificação de espaços de sociabilidades e lazer no município dos jovens migrantes, conhecidos como canistas. Utilizo os conceitos de Habitus de Pierre Bourdieu e de Experiência de Edward Thompson para compreender tanto as disposições sociais e culturais do grupo em questão bem como as subjetividades. Metodologicamente, utilizo algumas trajetórias para compreender como os jovens "canistas" interpretam a experiência dessas migrações na constituição de suas identidades e projetos de vida. Assim, ao abordar um dos muitos rostos da juventude rural, pretendendo contribuir para a compreensão da formação de suas identidades e do seu lugar na pauta das atuais políticas públicas. / In this work, I have analyzed the migration of the rural youth from the municipality of Tavares in the State of Paraiba to the sugar cane region in the Ribeirão Preto Region in the State of São Paulo. Three aspects are taken into consideration, first, the search for autonomy in the construction of youth and gender identities; second, the access to income as a possibility to gain consumptions goods and third, the invention and new meanings of the sociability and leisure spaces in the municipality by migrant youth known as canistas (name attributed to those who work in the sugar cane agriculture) I will use the concepts of Habitus from Pierre Bourdieu and Experience from Edward Thompson to understand both the social and cultural generative principies of the group and its subjectivities. Methodologically, I rely on some trajectories to understand the youth workers knows as canistas and to interpret the experience of the migration in me construction of identities and life projects. In this sense, I will look at one of the many faces of rural youth in order to understand the formation of their identities and position in the present public policies.

Submitted by ALINE DIAS FERREIRA DE JESUS null (aline_ufscar@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-03T17:53:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação em PDF.pdf: 4174288 bytes, checksum: 942dd5ac8e0aa22bd1ed400be904e608 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-06T13:39:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_adf_me_ippri.pdf: 4174288 bytes, checksum: 942dd5ac8e0aa22bd1ed400be904e608 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T13:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_adf_me_ippri.pdf: 4174288 bytes, checksum: 942dd5ac8e0aa22bd1ed400be904e608 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Para a reprodução de qualquer atividade, a participação de novas gerações é essencial. Esta condição humana é especialmente verdadeira na pequena agricultura familiar, onde a produção depende da mão-de-obra familiar. A agricultura periurbana do município de São Paulo apresenta desafios especiais para garantir a participação dos jovens, considerando a diversidade de alternativas oferecidas ou percebidas nestes locais bem como as dificuldades apresentadas pela competição para o uso da terra. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é identificar as funções e perspectivas da juventude na agricultura familiar desenvolvida na zona sul do município de São Paulo. Para isso, metodologicamente, a coleta dessas informações se deu com a aplicação de um questionário aplicado em campo com os jovens cooperados e/ou filhos, netos de agricultores que fazem parte da Cooperapas. A agricultura resulta em um importante fluxo econômico, pois possibilita a geração de trabalho e renda na região que é considerada uma das mais pobres do município de São Paulo. Porém, ultimamente tem se observado uma abstinência dos jovens ao trabalho na agricultura. Dentre os principais motivos destacam-se: (1) falta de identidade com a produção agrícola; (2) proximidade da região com os grandes centros urbanos, o que resulta em um êxodo rural diário em virtude da ocupação de subempregos; (3) repulsa dos patriarcas da família em seus descendentes seguirem aquele trabalho, motivados pelo anseio de seus filhos estudarem e se destacarem em outras áreas de conhecimento (devido a diversas dificuldades encontradas na lavoura); (4) frustração dos jovens a colocar seus pontos de vistas em relação a estrutura produtiva e administrativa da propriedade agrícola; (5) dificuldade de acesso às políticas públicas de fomento a agricultura familiar, entre outros. Apesar de toda dificuldade relatada por esse jovem, percebeu-se através da pesquisa que há uma intenção desse jovem em permanecer no campo. / In order to reproduce a system, the participation of new generation is crucial. This human condition is especially real in small family farming, where the production depends on the family workforce. The agriculture outlines challenges to ensure the youth participation, taking in consideration the diversity of alternatives offered or taken in these places, as well as the struggles presented by the competition to use the land. The agriculture results in an important economic flow because it enables creation of job and income in the district, which is considered one of the poorest in Sao Paulo County. However, lately it has been noticed an abstinence of the youth related to work in agriculture. Among all the main reasons states: (1) the lack of identity with farming production; (2) proximity to big cities, which results in a daily rural exodus due to the occupation in sub-works; (3) The chief family repulsion for their descending follow this farming path motivated by the urge of their children study and be leading in other areas of knowledge. (5) Complexity to access the public politics related to family farming and others. That’s why the goal of this paperwork is identify the role of the youth inside the family agriculture developed on the south side of Sao Paulo County.

Orientador: Clifford Andrew Welch / Resumo: Para a reprodução de qualquer atividade, a participação de novas gerações é essencial. Esta condição humana é especialmente verdadeira na pequena agricultura familiar, onde a produção depende da mão-de-obra familiar. A agricultura periurbana do município de São Paulo apresenta desafios especiais para garantir a participação dos jovens, considerando a diversidade de alternativas oferecidas ou percebidas nestes locais bem como as dificuldades apresentadas pela competição para o uso da terra. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é identificar as funções e perspectivas da juventude na agricultura familiar desenvolvida na zona sul do município de São Paulo. Para isso, metodologicamente, a coleta dessas informações se deu com a aplicação de um questionário aplicado em campo com os jovens cooperados e/ou filhos, netos de agricultores que fazem parte da Cooperapas. A agricultura resulta em um importante fluxo econômico, pois possibilita a geração de trabalho e renda na região que é considerada uma das mais pobres do município de São Paulo. Porém, ultimamente tem se observado uma abstinência dos jovens ao trabalho na agricultura. Dentre os principais motivos destacam-se: (1) falta de identidade com a produção agrícola; (2) proximidade da região com os grandes centros urbanos, o que resulta em um êxodo rural diário em virtude da ocupação de subempregos; (3) repulsa dos patriarcas da família em seus descendentes seguirem aquele trabalho, motivados pelo anseio de seus filhos estudarem ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

This study reports long-term evaluation of school-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) in a rurally-located K – 8 and a middle school. With assistance from a university-based PBS project, these schools developed and implemented a SWPBS program. Target positive behaviors (respect, responsibility, cooperation) were operationally defined and directly taught to students. A reward ticket system was used to reinforce students’ positive behaviors. Office discipline referrals (ODRs) and reward tickets were recorded. At the end of each grading period, students with at least 1 ticket attended a school-wide celebration. An A-B case study design analyzed results for five-years for the K-8 and four years for the middle school. Following the first year of SWPBS, ODR rates decreased substantially, correlating moderately with reinforcement tickets given. Compared to two similar schools without SWPBS in the same district, the K-8 school’s had substantially fewer overall ODRs and fewer students with high-risk levels of referrals. ODR reductions resulted in recovering an average 5.25 and 10 student class hours and 11.75 and 25 administrative hours in the elementary and middle schools, respectively. These results replicated and extended effects reported by others. Issues regarding consistent SWPBS implementation and measurement of its effects as well as future research are addressed. [Abstract is from a repeated presentation at the Annual Conference of the Association for Bheavior Analysis International San Antonio, TX]