This master thesis deals with the structural design of the drivetrain for the formula Dragon 3. There is shown an overview of the most common design solutions used in the category Formula Student. On that basis is made my own concept of the drivetrain. Major focus is placed on the design of the final drive, differential mounting including chain tensioning mechanism and design of related components. For the designed components was made stress analysis by FEM.

Diplomová práce pojednává o návrhu kapotáže vozidla Formula Student. Vozy této kategorie se každoročně učástní série mezinárodních závodů všech zůčastněných studentských týmů. Úroveň návrhu se posuzuje jak v dynamických tak ve statických disciplínách. Tato práce popisuje proces návrhu tří koncepčních variant společně s rozpracováním finální varianty pro fázi výroby. Navíc je zde prezentován koncept obsahující aerodynamický paket, který slouží jako výhledová studie možného vývoje vozidla.

Tato práce se zabývá měřením aerodynamických charakteristik modelu závodního vozu Formula SAE v aerodynamickém tunelu, v měřítku 1:4. V první části je představen projekt Formula SAE a popsána role aerodynamiky v rámci této soutěže. Následuje přehled teoretického pozadí, které je relevantní k provedenému experimentu. Ve druhé části práce je popsán samotný experiment a prezentovány jeho výsledky. Součástí je návrh, výroba a kalibrace šestikomponentní tenzometrické váhy pro měření aerodynamického zatížení. Testy v aerodynamickém tunelu byly provedeny ve čtyřech konfiguracích, aby bylo možné určit vliv přítlačných křídel a podlahy s difuzorem na výsledné aerodynamické charakteristiky vozu.

Under perioden 2011-2013 opererade det svenska helikopterförbandet Swedish Air Element Helikopter 10B på Camp Marmal i Afghanistan i syfte att utgöra sjuktransportresurs för Regional Command North inom ramen för ISAF (International Security Assistance Force). Förbandet bidrog till sjuktransportförmåga med helikopter i norra Afghanistan tillsammans med amerikanska, tyska och norska helikopterförband. De taktiska kraven på förbandet innebar att kunna hålla en hög beredskap med hög tillgänglighet i en konfliktfylld miljö i syfte att rädda liv. Den här studien syftar till att undersöka förbandets logistik och hur den påverkade förbandets operationer och verksamhet men även att undersöka i vilken utsträckning Moshe Kress teoribildning kan förklara logistiken i det valda fallet. Undersökningen visar på ett minimalistiskt logistiksystem som också bidrog positivt till förbandets operationer och verksamhet. Vidare var förbandet i hög grad beroende av extern försörjning där baseringen spelade en avgörande roll. Insatsen föregicks av en omfattande planering för att säkerställa tillgänglighet, både i insatsområdet och på hemmaförband. Undersökningen visar på att de största framgångsfaktorerna för logistiksystemet var framsynthet, tillgänglighet, överlevnadsförmåga och enkelhet.

This study aims to propose a knowledge base ontology for the ISO/SAE 21434 cybersecurity risk assessment activities in the automotive domain. The focus of the paper is to model how the standard views the tasks of Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) and cybersecurity concept. The model is supported by practical knowledge gained from a design science activity at a major organization for supplying automotive solutions and components. The scope is limited to matters of methodology in systems security assessment. The meta-model shows concepts, relationships, and axioms describing the different activities, stakeholders, and inter-dependencies. Based on the model knowledge, an integrated approach of TARA guideline is created, describing the steps of each of the activities in which it has been adapted by the organization participating in an applied study. Additionally, to increase the efficiency of the human resources involved in the creation of the security artifacts, a proposal to utilize the model relationships and the guideline to automate recurring TARA tasks. Lessons learned from the applied study are presented. The study has adapted an evaluation strategy based on technical evaluation and user evaluation. The guideline was evaluated through gathering expert’s opinions in a qualitative approach. The ontology meta-model has been qualified for consistency through technical evaluation.

The ability of a Formula SAE sports car to negotiate a turn in a race is influenced by many parameters which include car's overall geometry, its shape, weight distribution, type of suspension used, spring and shock absorber characteristics that are used in the tire properties, static and dynamic loading. Steady-state cornering implies that the forces acting on the vehicle are unchanging for a given time. The suspension uprights form a connection between the wheel assembly and the suspension linkages. The criticality of the upright is that it is considered an un-suspended body, but in fact, it is subjected to very high stresses. The dynamic load imposed on the vehicle from various road conditions, cornering, braking and suspension assembly constraints generate stress on the upright body. The equations of motion generally govern vehicle dynamics. For a kinematic and rigid body dynamics analysis, a multibody dynamics (MBD) approach is popular. The results of the dynamic analysis yield internal loads which are used to analyze suspension components for structural stiffness and strength. Automotive companies with relatively lower structural loads have made the MBD approach popular because it is supposed to be computationally less expensive. Elastodynamics is an alternative approach to solving dynamics equations while considering the components to be elastic. This approach can capture the inertial and elastic responses of the components and the load path with varying positions of the components in a mechanism. In this research, a quarter-car suspension is modeled in a finite element code (Abaqus®), focusing on the vehicle upright but still modeling the connections and interactions of the quarter-car suspension system of a FSAE vehicle. The BEAM element modeling used for the suspension members captures the bending response. The overall model is created by making computationally conscious decisions, debugging and refining the interactions and connections to be representative. The modeling technique to create elastodynamic models is explored and established with a versatile set of suspension components and interactions providing a good experience with finite element modeling. The models are created with incremental steps and early steps are verified with hand calculations. A further vehicle verification and validation plan is the next immediate priority to gain confidence in the model for accurate simulations which can be used to predict accurate structural and dynamic results. With extending the model capabilities and computational capabilities, a quarter-car suspension model is powerful enough to run the entire track simulations for formula races and even durability load cases for commercial vehicles. Fatigue loading and abusive test cases would be the load cases to investigate possible failure modes. The quarter-car suspension model is a framework with different interactions, connections, components, boundary conditions and loads that are representative for different suspension configurations in different vehicles. The best practices of this modeling exercise are established and scalability to defeature or add details while preserving the connection behavior is achieved. / Master of Science / Automotive suspension analysis includes analysis the design of suspension components. In automotive parlance, suspension includes the wheel subassembly, brakes, tires, shock absorbers, subframes and the steering system. A quarter-car model is incorporated in this research to analyse a Formula SAE suspension. The quarter-car model is representative of relevant vehicle dynamics within the scope of this research. The suspension of the vehicle governs the “attitude” of the vehicle; it is a foundation on which the behavior of the car is built when it responds to operator wishes and terrain. Necessary but not sufficient for a great car is addressing multiple issues around strength and stiffness of the components during vehicle maneuvers. These issues are pulled against cost and packaging issues as jelly sets for engineering design with only a small number of physical iterations. Finite element analysis employs its powerful solving capabilities to run an elastodynamic simulation. The representation of the component’s elasticity yields elastic responses that can be observed and evaluated virtually for engineering design. Current state-of-the-art methods rely on rigid body analysis to develop dynamic simulations which do not show elastic response or response due to complex interactions between the components. The elastodynamic model built for this research is scalable to include detail or defeatured components without losing their interactions and connection behaviors – examples include – rod end joints, bearing interference fits and bell crank connections for a pull rod suspension. Several finite element modeling practices are established as part of this research to build a popular problem in the automotive industry – quarter-car suspension model. The elastodynamic model is verified along the journey by building simpler building-block models. Further validation of the elastodynamic model is required for complete confidence – the path to which is covered in this thesis.

As redes digitais demonstraram ser uma solução eficaz em automação. A conexão de diferentes módulos de diferentes fabricantes em um único barramento para a troca de dados e controle é um desafio para a indústria brasileira de máquinas agrícolas, apesar desta tecnologia estar consolidada em automóveis, aeronaves e em chão de fábrica. As vantagens obtidas com redes digitais são evidentes, porém necessitam de implementação de protocolos de redes. Na área agrícola, a norma internacional ISO 11783 apresenta forte potencial para tornar-se referência de padrão para a troca de dados entre módulos em tratores e implementos agrícolas. Esta norma, também conhecida como ISOBUS, está no estágio avançado de desenvolvimento. Contém quatorze documentos e o seu desenvolvimento está apoiado por grupos denominados \"Força Tarefa\", na Europa, nos EUA e recentemente no Brasil. Implementações deste padrão já estão sendo apresentadas no mercado internacional, em feiras e demonstrações de aplicação desta tecnologia. O Brasil deve investir e dominar a tecnologia, em busca de compatibilidade internacional tanto no ponto de vista tecnológico como comercial. Neste contexto, este trabalho encoraja o desenvolvimento nacional em aplicações com a norma ISOBUS, apresentando dois estudos de casos, cujos módulos comunicam com equipamentos de mercado compatíveis com a norma. Estas experiências práticas complementam trabalhos acadêmicos relativos a este tema, que surgiram nos últimos anos no Brasil. / The digital networks demonstrated to be an effective solution in automation. The connection of different modules from different manufacturers into a single bus for the exchange of data and control is a challenge for the agricultural machinery Brazilian industry, although this technology is consolidated in automobiles, aircraft and the factory floor. The benefits obtained with digital networks are obvious, but they need implementation of protocols networks. In the agricultural area, the international standard ISO 11783 shows strong potential to become the reference standard for the exchange of data between modules on tractors and agricultural implements. This standard, also known as ISOBUS, is in the advanced stage of development. It contains fourteen documents and its development is supported by groups called \"Task Force\" in Europe, USA, and recently in Brazil. Implementations of this standard are now being presented in the international market, in fairs and demonstrations of application of this technology. Brazil should invest and dominate the technology, to inquire after international compatibility in both the technological point of view as commercial. In this context, this work encourages the national development in applications with ISOBUS standard, presenting two studies of cases, whose modules communicate with equipment market compatible with the standard. These practical experiences complement academic works on this subject, which emerged in recent years in Brazil.

As redes digitais demonstraram ser uma solução eficaz em automação. A conexão de diferentes módulos de diferentes fabricantes em um único barramento para a troca de dados e controle é um desafio para a indústria brasileira de máquinas agrícolas, apesar desta tecnologia estar consolidada em automóveis, aeronaves e em chão de fábrica. As vantagens obtidas com redes digitais são evidentes, porém necessitam de implementação de protocolos de redes. Na área agrícola, a norma internacional ISO 11783 apresenta forte potencial para tornar-se referência de padrão para a troca de dados entre módulos em tratores e implementos agrícolas. Esta norma, também conhecida como ISOBUS, está no estágio avançado de desenvolvimento. Contém quatorze documentos e o seu desenvolvimento está apoiado por grupos denominados \"Força Tarefa\", na Europa, nos EUA e recentemente no Brasil. Implementações deste padrão já estão sendo apresentadas no mercado internacional, em feiras e demonstrações de aplicação desta tecnologia. O Brasil deve investir e dominar a tecnologia, em busca de compatibilidade internacional tanto no ponto de vista tecnológico como comercial. Neste contexto, este trabalho encoraja o desenvolvimento nacional em aplicações com a norma ISOBUS, apresentando dois estudos de casos, cujos módulos comunicam com equipamentos de mercado compatíveis com a norma. Estas experiências práticas complementam trabalhos acadêmicos relativos a este tema, que surgiram nos últimos anos no Brasil. / The digital networks demonstrated to be an effective solution in automation. The connection of different modules from different manufacturers into a single bus for the exchange of data and control is a challenge for the agricultural machinery Brazilian industry, although this technology is consolidated in automobiles, aircraft and the factory floor. The benefits obtained with digital networks are obvious, but they need implementation of protocols networks. In the agricultural area, the international standard ISO 11783 shows strong potential to become the reference standard for the exchange of data between modules on tractors and agricultural implements. This standard, also known as ISOBUS, is in the advanced stage of development. It contains fourteen documents and its development is supported by groups called \"Task Force\" in Europe, USA, and recently in Brazil. Implementations of this standard are now being presented in the international market, in fairs and demonstrations of application of this technology. Brazil should invest and dominate the technology, to inquire after international compatibility in both the technological point of view as commercial. In this context, this work encourages the national development in applications with ISOBUS standard, presenting two studies of cases, whose modules communicate with equipment market compatible with the standard. These practical experiences complement academic works on this subject, which emerged in recent years in Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3074686 bytes, checksum: ed7a06179e3d3259d7c106457864da4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / With the recent discovery of the existence of oil deposits in Brazil. Those responsible for the exploitation are becoming increasingly aware of the development of technologies for the extraction of oil and natural gas in deep waters. In this scholarly work, one of these developed technologies, the base metal steel SAE 8630 modified by the addition of metal buttery INCONEL 625 (AWS ER NiCrMo 3) through the MIG welding process, was investigated. To minimize the formation of martensite thermal cycles of annealing 873oC in a period of one hour and two thermal cycles strain relief (before and after buttering), both at temperatures of 677oC in a range of two hours. After these processes it was possible to verify the presence of diffusion processes of chemical elements and formation of possible precipitates. These trials were conducted by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS while changes in hardness and toughness were observed before and after heat treatment for stress relief of the metal. These are the metallurgical and mechanical results from analysis of the areas close to regions of the MB, HAZ, ZL and MB. / Com as recentes revelações da existência de jazidas de petróleo no território brasileiro. Fez se que os responsáveis pela exploração destas regiões, se demonstrem apreensivos quanto ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a extração de petróleo e de gás natural em águas profundas. Neste trabalho acadêmico, com o uso de uma dessas tecnologias em desenvolvimento, foi abordado o uso do metal de base o aço SAE 8630 modificado, amanteigado pelo metal de adição INCONEL 625 (AWS E NiCrMo 3) através do processo de soldagem MIG. Para minimizar a constituição da martensita, foram aplicados ciclos térmicos de têmpera de 873oC em um intervalo de uma hora e mais dois ciclos térmicos de alívio de tensões (antes e após o amanteigamento), ambos em temperaturas de 677oC em um intervalo de duas horas. Verificou se a presença de processos de difusão de elementos químicos e formação de possíveis precipitados. Estes foram caracterizados pelos ensaios de microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura juntamente com o EDS e alterações quanto a microdureza e dureza foram observadas antes e após o tratamento térmico de alívio de tensões. Sendo estes resultados metalúrgicos e mecânicos analisados em áreas próximas das regiões do MB, ZTA, ZL e MB.

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