The focus of the study was to investigate the role of Learning and Teaching Support Materials (LTSMs) in determining a school performance and quality education. For sampling purposes, a rural disadvantaged school was selected to reveal how such schools organise and implement their instructional programs devoid of LTSMs. A school library, school laboratory and computer technology were prioritised for their bearing on National Curriculum Statement (NCS) implementation. According to the study‘s findings, the prioritised LTSMs were found to be vital in modernising, appropriating and improving a school performance and the quality of education. The study argued that without relevant LTSMs, schools can neither hope nor manage to successfully implement outcomes based education. Hence, learners in those schools are still excluded from quality education. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies and Didactics)

La relation élève-enseignant (REE) est reconnue comme étant optimale lorsqu’elle est fortement chaleureuse et faiblement conflictuelle. Sur le plan empirique, plusieurs évidences montrent que la qualité de la REE est liée significativement à divers indicateurs de la réussite scolaire. De façon générale, celles-ci affirment que plus un élève entretient une relation optimale avec son enseignant, plus ses résultats scolaires sont élevés, plus il adopte des comportements prosociaux, et plus il présente des affects et des comportements positifs envers l’école. Des études précisent également que l’influence de la qualité de la REE est particulièrement importante chez les élèves à risque. Si les effets positifs d’une REE optimale sont bien connus, les facteurs favorisant son émergence sont quant à eux moins bien compris. En fait, bien que certains attributs personnels de l’élève ou de l’enseignant aient été identifiés comme participant significativement à la qualité de la REE, peu d’études ont investigué l’importance des facteurs psychologiques et contextuels dans l’explication de ce phénomène. Souhaitant pallier cette lacune, la présente étude poursuit trois objectifs qui sont: 1) d’examiner les liens entre les stresseurs, le soutien social, la santé psychologique au travail (SPT) et la qualité de la REE; 2) de vérifier l’effet médiateur de la SPT dans la relation entre les stresseurs, le soutien social et la qualité de la REE, et; 3) d’examiner les différences quant aux liens répertoriés auprès d’élèves réguliers et à risque. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, 231 enseignants québécois de niveau préscolaire et primaire ont été investigués. Les résultats des analyses montrent que les comportements perturbateurs des élèves en classe prédisent positivement le conflit entre l’enseignant et les élèves à risque. Ils montrent également que le soutien des parents et le soutien du supérieur prédisent respectivement la présence de REE chaleureuses chez les élèves réguliers et à risque. La SPT de l’enseignant prédit quant à elle positivement la présence de REE chaleureuses et négativement la présence de REE conflictuelles. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent aussi que le soutien social affecte indirectement la présence de REE chaleureuses par le biais de la SPT de l’enseignant. / An optimal student-teacher relationship (STR) is generally recognized as being closer and less conflictual. In the scientific documentation, many studies show that the quality of the STR is significantly associated with several indicators of school performance. More precisely, the results of these investigations demonstrate that the more a student share an optimal relationship with his teacher, the higher are his results at tests and exams, the more he adopts prosocial behaviors, and the more he presents positive affects and behaviors towards school and learning. Many studies also show that the influence of the quality of the STR is more important for students at-risk. However, even if the positive effects of an optimal STR on school performance are known, the knowledge about the factors that facilitate its emergence is still very limited. Although some predictors related to personal attributes of students or teachers have been highlighted, few studies have investigated the importance of psychological and contextual predictors of this phenomena. In an attempt to alleviate this deficiency, this research pursues three objectives that are : 1) to verify the relationship between stressors, social support, psychological health at work (PHW) and the quality of the STR; 2) to examine the moderating effect of PHW in the relationship between stressors, social support and the quality of the STR, and; 3) to verify the differences highlighted in the results for regular and at-risk students. In order to verify these three objectives, 231 teachers from the province of Quebec teaching in kindergarten and elementary school have been studied. The results from the analyses show that the disruptive behaviors of students in class predict positively the conflict between teachers and students at-risk. The results also show that social support from parents is positivelly related to closeness for regular students, whereas social support from the director is positivelly related to closeness for students at-risk. Teacher’s PHW also predicts positively closeness and negatively conflict for both regular and at-risk students. The results of the analyses also demonstrate that social support is indirectly related to closeness for regular and at-risk students, through PHW.

La gestion des activités éducatives par la direction et le climat de l’école sont souvent étudiés en relation avec leur influence sur la variation de la réussite des élèves (Leithwood, Harris et Hopkins, 2008; Marzano, Waters et McNulty, 2005; Sherblom, Marshall et Sherblom, 2006; Witziers, Bosker et Krüger, 2003). Mais peu d’études abordent de façon explicite le lien entre la gestion de la direction et le climat d’école. La présente recherche veut donc contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du rapport entre ces deux dimensions du fonctionnement de l’école. Des analyses de type corrélationnel sont réalisées sur des données de questionnaire recueillies dans 49 établissements, auprès de 59 enseignants, 823 élèves de 2ème année du 3e cycle et 521 parents. En tenant compte des caractéristiques sociodémographiques des enseignants, des élèves et des écoles, les résultats tendent à montrer que l’estime des élèves envers leurs enseignants est liée à la fréquence des interventions de la direction en matière de supervision de l’enseignement ou celles visant à améliorer l’apprentissage et le rendement des élèves. / School leadership and school climate are often studied through their influence on the variation of the success among pupils (Leithwood, Harris & Hopkins, 2008; Marzano, Waters & McNulty, 2005; Sherblom, Marshall & Sherblom, 2006; Witziers, Bosker & Krüger, 2003). But few studies explicitly approach the link between school leadership and school climate. Thus, the present study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between these two dimensions of the functioning of the school. Analyses of corelational type are realized on data collected by surveys in 49 schools, with 59 teachers, 823 pupils of 2nd year of the 3rd cycle and 521 parents. By taking into account sociodemographic characteristics of teachers, pupils and schools, the results tend to show that the respect of the pupils to their teachers is connected to the frequency of the interventions of the leader in the supervision of teaching or those to improve the learning and the outcomes of the pupils.

Le sujet de la présente étude est la violence scolaire, phénomène complexe et polysémique qui préoccupe légitimement le monde de l’éducation depuis plus de trente ans. À partir des analyses factorielles exploratoires, analyses de variance factorielle et finalement analyses multivariées de covariance, cette recherche vise plus précisément à dégager la relation entre le climat scolaire, le contexte scolaire et les différents rôles adoptés par les élèves du niveau secondaire lors d’une situation de violence scolaire. Les données de la présente étude ont été collectées par Michel Janosz et son équipe pendant l’année 2010, dans quatre établissements éducatifs provenant d’une commission scolaire de la grande région de Montréal. L’échantillon de départ est composé de 1750 élèves qui fréquentent des classes ordinaires et spéciales du premier et deuxième cycle du secondaire âgés entre 10 et 18 ans. Pour fins d’analyse, deux petites écoles ainsi que les classes spéciales ont été retirées. Il demeure donc 1551 élèves dans l’échantillon initial analysé. Les résultats des analyses permettent de constater d’une part, la relation significative existante entre les dimensions du climat scolaire et l’adoption des différents rôles lors d’une situation de violence scolaire, les climats d’appartenance et de sécurité étant les plus importants, et d’autre part d’observer des différences dans les perceptions que les élèves ont de la violence scolaire selon le niveau et selon l’école. / The present study pertains to a complex and polysemic phenomenon that has preoccupied people working in the field of education since at least thirty years, that is, school violence. Using factor analysis, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance, this research aims at exploring specifically the relationship between school climate, school context and the various roles adopted by students at the high school level when they face a situation in which school violence in present. Data for this study were collected by Michel Janosz and his team in 2010, within four schools, all in the same school board of the Montreal region. The original sample comprises 1750 students who attend both standard special classes, between 10 and 18 years of age. The analyses presented are based on a reduced sample where the special classes and the two small schools have been withdrawn. Therefore, the answers from 1551 student s are used. The results show that first, there is a significant relationship between the various dimensions of school climate and the different roles adopted by students facing a situation in which violence is present, perceptions of belonging and of security being the most important. Second, all things being equal, there are significant difference between schools, and school levels.

Syftet med studien var att via en kvantitativ webbenkät i ett bekvämlighetsurval av svenska lärare, undersöka förekomst av elevrelaterat direkt våld och indirekt våld mot lärare samt i vilken utsträckning olika aspekter av skolklimatet som kan förklara lärarens upplevelser av direkt våld och indirekt våld. Urvalet bestod utav 143 svenska grundskolelärare (25 män och 117 kvinnor samt en som ej angav kön) i åldrarna 20-65 (M = 40,44, SD = 11,17). Resultatet visade att åtta av tio lärare hade blivit utsatta för någon typ av elevrelaterat direkt våld vid minst ett tillfälle under det senaste året. Den vanligaste typen av elevrelaterat direkt våld var verbala kränkningar följt av lättare fysiskt våld och hot om våld. Det visade sig också att en stor del av lärarna blivit utsatta för flera typer av elevrelaterat direkt våld under de senaste 12 månaderna, vilket indikerar på en multipel utsatthet. Indirekt våld hade i stort sett samtliga lärare upplevt vid ett flertal tillfällen under det senaste året. Vidare fann studien att kvinnliga lärare uppgav sig vara mer utsatta för både direkt och indirekt våld jämfört med männen. Studien fann även att struktur och engagemang tycks vara de viktigaste dimensionerna av skolklimatet för att förebygga elevrelaterat direkt våld och indirekt våld mot lärare. / The aim of the study was to investigate, through a quantitative web survey in a convenience sample of Swedish teachers, the presence of student-related direct violence and indirect violence against teachers and to what extent different aspects of the school climate that can explain the teacher's experiences of direct violence and indirect violence. The sample consisted of 143 Swedish primary school teachers (25 men and 117 women and one who did not specify the gender) at the ages 20-65 (M = 40.44, SD = 11.17). The result showed that eight out of ten teachers had been exposed to any type of student-related direct violence on at least one occasion in the past year. The most common type of student-related direct violence was verbal abuse followed by easier physical violence and threats of violence. It also turned out that a large number of teachers were exposed to several types of student-related direct violence in the last 12 months, which indicates a multiple victimization. Indirect violence had virtually all teachers experienced on several occasions over the past year. Furthermore, the study found that female teachers stated that they were more victimized by both direct and indirect violence compared to men. The study also found that structure and engagement seem to be the most important dimensions of the school climate to prevent student-related direct violence and indirect violence against teachers.

La gestion des activités éducatives par la direction et le climat de l’école sont souvent étudiés en relation avec leur influence sur la variation de la réussite des élèves (Leithwood, Harris et Hopkins, 2008; Marzano, Waters et McNulty, 2005; Sherblom, Marshall et Sherblom, 2006; Witziers, Bosker et Krüger, 2003). Mais peu d’études abordent de façon explicite le lien entre la gestion de la direction et le climat d’école. La présente recherche veut donc contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du rapport entre ces deux dimensions du fonctionnement de l’école. Des analyses de type corrélationnel sont réalisées sur des données de questionnaire recueillies dans 49 établissements, auprès de 59 enseignants, 823 élèves de 2ème année du 3e cycle et 521 parents. En tenant compte des caractéristiques sociodémographiques des enseignants, des élèves et des écoles, les résultats tendent à montrer que l’estime des élèves envers leurs enseignants est liée à la fréquence des interventions de la direction en matière de supervision de l’enseignement ou celles visant à améliorer l’apprentissage et le rendement des élèves. / School leadership and school climate are often studied through their influence on the variation of the success among pupils (Leithwood, Harris & Hopkins, 2008; Marzano, Waters & McNulty, 2005; Sherblom, Marshall & Sherblom, 2006; Witziers, Bosker & Krüger, 2003). But few studies explicitly approach the link between school leadership and school climate. Thus, the present study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between these two dimensions of the functioning of the school. Analyses of corelational type are realized on data collected by surveys in 49 schools, with 59 teachers, 823 pupils of 2nd year of the 3rd cycle and 521 parents. By taking into account sociodemographic characteristics of teachers, pupils and schools, the results tend to show that the respect of the pupils to their teachers is connected to the frequency of the interventions of the leader in the supervision of teaching or those to improve the learning and the outcomes of the pupils.

La relation élève-enseignant (REE) est reconnue comme étant optimale lorsqu’elle est fortement chaleureuse et faiblement conflictuelle. Sur le plan empirique, plusieurs évidences montrent que la qualité de la REE est liée significativement à divers indicateurs de la réussite scolaire. De façon générale, celles-ci affirment que plus un élève entretient une relation optimale avec son enseignant, plus ses résultats scolaires sont élevés, plus il adopte des comportements prosociaux, et plus il présente des affects et des comportements positifs envers l’école. Des études précisent également que l’influence de la qualité de la REE est particulièrement importante chez les élèves à risque. Si les effets positifs d’une REE optimale sont bien connus, les facteurs favorisant son émergence sont quant à eux moins bien compris. En fait, bien que certains attributs personnels de l’élève ou de l’enseignant aient été identifiés comme participant significativement à la qualité de la REE, peu d’études ont investigué l’importance des facteurs psychologiques et contextuels dans l’explication de ce phénomène. Souhaitant pallier cette lacune, la présente étude poursuit trois objectifs qui sont: 1) d’examiner les liens entre les stresseurs, le soutien social, la santé psychologique au travail (SPT) et la qualité de la REE; 2) de vérifier l’effet médiateur de la SPT dans la relation entre les stresseurs, le soutien social et la qualité de la REE, et; 3) d’examiner les différences quant aux liens répertoriés auprès d’élèves réguliers et à risque. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, 231 enseignants québécois de niveau préscolaire et primaire ont été investigués. Les résultats des analyses montrent que les comportements perturbateurs des élèves en classe prédisent positivement le conflit entre l’enseignant et les élèves à risque. Ils montrent également que le soutien des parents et le soutien du supérieur prédisent respectivement la présence de REE chaleureuses chez les élèves réguliers et à risque. La SPT de l’enseignant prédit quant à elle positivement la présence de REE chaleureuses et négativement la présence de REE conflictuelles. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent aussi que le soutien social affecte indirectement la présence de REE chaleureuses par le biais de la SPT de l’enseignant. / An optimal student-teacher relationship (STR) is generally recognized as being closer and less conflictual. In the scientific documentation, many studies show that the quality of the STR is significantly associated with several indicators of school performance. More precisely, the results of these investigations demonstrate that the more a student share an optimal relationship with his teacher, the higher are his results at tests and exams, the more he adopts prosocial behaviors, and the more he presents positive affects and behaviors towards school and learning. Many studies also show that the influence of the quality of the STR is more important for students at-risk. However, even if the positive effects of an optimal STR on school performance are known, the knowledge about the factors that facilitate its emergence is still very limited. Although some predictors related to personal attributes of students or teachers have been highlighted, few studies have investigated the importance of psychological and contextual predictors of this phenomena. In an attempt to alleviate this deficiency, this research pursues three objectives that are : 1) to verify the relationship between stressors, social support, psychological health at work (PHW) and the quality of the STR; 2) to examine the moderating effect of PHW in the relationship between stressors, social support and the quality of the STR, and; 3) to verify the differences highlighted in the results for regular and at-risk students. In order to verify these three objectives, 231 teachers from the province of Quebec teaching in kindergarten and elementary school have been studied. The results from the analyses show that the disruptive behaviors of students in class predict positively the conflict between teachers and students at-risk. The results also show that social support from parents is positivelly related to closeness for regular students, whereas social support from the director is positivelly related to closeness for students at-risk. Teacher’s PHW also predicts positively closeness and negatively conflict for both regular and at-risk students. The results of the analyses also demonstrate that social support is indirectly related to closeness for regular and at-risk students, through PHW.

The diploma thesis "The Class Climate" has a theoretical-empirical character. The main aim of this thesis focuses on measuring and comparing the classroom climete of standard and alternative schools.The introductory part comprises definitions of basic terms such as social group, school environment, atmosphere, climate. Furthermore, it investigates the theoretical clarification of the classroom climate and details the elements, types and actors of the climate. The thesis also closely notes the research methods of the classroom climete measuring. The author concludes the theoretical part with description of the issue of alternative schools. The practical part implementes through questionnaire survey with a participation of pupils from standard and alternative primary schools. There has been defined the aim, assumptions and selected the method of the classroom climate measuring. The conclusion summarizes the results of the questionnaire survey as well as verifies the assumptions.

Submitted by BRUNO SENDRA DE ASSIS (brunosendra@gmail.com) on 2017-06-14T11:30:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Bruno Assis - 12_06_17.pdf: 2716222 bytes, checksum: cdfe732a082e82e59387c49c6ba123e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-06-14T11:44:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Bruno Assis - 12_06_17.pdf: 2716222 bytes, checksum: cdfe732a082e82e59387c49c6ba123e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T12:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Bruno Assis - 12_06_17.pdf: 2716222 bytes, checksum: cdfe732a082e82e59387c49c6ba123e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11 / School managers are fundamental agents to guarantee an adequate educational environment that favors the students teaching-learning process. Among the various skills and abilities required for the position, the leadership capacity and the maintenance of a school climate focused on cooperation and pedagogical objectives stand out. The present study sought to analyze the state legislations in all the federative units and the microdata of the National System of Evaluation of Basic Education - SAEB, in order to investigate how the policies of appointment to the position of director are associated to the leadership factors of the director and of School climate, created through the Item Response Theory (TRI). The results shows a statistically significant difference in average school climate and director leadership according to the modality of selection adopted. The highest coefficients obtained are associated with the public tender and the selection process with election. The political indication presented lower averages for these factors and, although it is not directly linked to state policies, they predominate in most of the federative units. On the other hand, the magnitude of this effect is much lower if the different characteristics of each site are compared. Other explanatory variables relevant to this model were also identified. / Os diretores escolares são agentes fundamentais para garantir um ambiente educacional adequado que favoreça o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos. Entre as diversas competências e habilidades exigidas para o cargo, destacam-se a capacidade de liderança e de manutenção de um clima escolar voltado à cooperação e aos objetivos pedagógicos. O presente estudo buscou analisar as legislações estaduais em todas as unidades federativas e os microdados do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica – SAEB, a fim de investigar como as políticas de provimento ao cargo de diretor estão associadas aos fatores de liderança do diretor e de clima escolar, criados por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item - TRI. Os resultados mostram que existe diferença estatisticamente significante na média de clima escolar e de liderança do diretor de acordo com a modalidade de seleção de diretor adotada. Os maiores coeficientes obtidos estão associados ao concurso público e ao processo seletivo com eleição. Já a indicação política apresentou menores médias para estes fatores e, embora não esteja diretamente vinculada a políticas estaduais, predominam na maioria das unidades federativas. Por outro lado, a magnitude deste efeito é bem inferior se comparadas as diferentes características de cada local. Também se identificaram outras variáveis explicativas relevantes para este modelo.

The focus of the study was to investigate the role of Learning and Teaching Support Materials (LTSMs) in determining a school performance and quality education. For sampling purposes, a rural disadvantaged school was selected to reveal how such schools organise and implement their instructional programs devoid of LTSMs. A school library, school laboratory and computer technology were prioritised for their bearing on National Curriculum Statement (NCS) implementation. According to the study‘s findings, the prioritised LTSMs were found to be vital in modernising, appropriating and improving a school performance and the quality of education. The study argued that without relevant LTSMs, schools can neither hope nor manage to successfully implement outcomes based education. Hence, learners in those schools are still excluded from quality education. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies and Didactics)