This thesis examines the student school experience in terms of the paradox that Paulo Freire identifies between education as 'an instrument of liberation' and education as 'an instrument of domination'. Student school experience refers to the ways in which curricula and other aspects of schooling are received and interpreted by students. Observation of and feedback from students in school situations are used to illustrate the means by which the process of schooling predisposes individuals to function unquestioningly in capitalist society. A review of the available literature on schooling and the student emphasizes three themes which are deemed worthy of further inquiry: (1) students express high levels of satisfaction with schooling, but often in uncertain ways; (2) the student school experience is commonly characterized by writers as being fragmented; and (3) minor changes in schooling are important for students, even when those changes do not address wider concers. Theoretical approaches which contribute to an explanation of these themes tend to emphasize either the deterministic nature of social structures (in which case details of the schooling process become trivialized) or the autonomous nature of particular situations (in which case limitations imposed by structural and power relationships are disregarded). An alternative approach, a Marxian theory of praxis, is employed in this thesis. Such an approach emphasizes that structures must be regarded as real, with real consequences for people, although the specific nature of those consequences can be realized only through human activity. Schooling, as part of society's superstructure, is seen to be conditioned but not fully determined by the economic base of society. Hegemony (domination by consent) is discussed in relation to the process by which schools contribute to the maintenance of capitalist class relations. An examination of this process is substantiated with the use of observational, questionnaire and interview data collected from a sample of 130 grades 8 and 12 students in four Saskatoon public classrooms. The data indicate that the student school experience is conditioned in a dual way: by immediate contextual concerns; and by idealist notions of school as a necessary social 'good'. Students tend to accept school and when they discuss possible school change, feel school should be left alone or modified only slightly. There are class and grade differences in the student school experience, but overall similarities are apparent in the process of schooling and in the limited amounts of student reflection about schooling. It is concluded that students are educated in a very narrow sense. They have little basis for developing a framework through which they can interpret the events that have structured so much of their lives. There is little impetus for students to question the world and to suggest alternatives to present, often alienating, social relations

There is widespread interest shown in the education of boys in school as evidenced in research, education initiatives and discussion in the general community. Research undertaken by Connell (1989, 1995, 1996, 2000), Laberge and Albert (1999), Mac an Ghaill (1994), Martino (1998), West (1999, 2002) and others suggests that there is a range of masculinities displayed by teenage boys. Some of the masculinities with which boys identify are in conflict with accepted ideas of educational achievement. This doctoral study investigates the contribution of teachers and school experiences to teenage boys’ understanding of masculinity. There are two components to the study. The first part is a systematic review of the literature to highlight findings about boys’ perceptions of relationships between masculinity and schooling. The second part is a qualitative empirical study of the views of a sample of Year 11 high school boys in two single sex Catholic schools. The interviews focus on their understandings of masculinity and their perceptions of influential aspects of school life. It includes an analysis of the boys' views of the impact of teachers, sport, discipline and classroom experiences. Participants in the study indicated that masculinity is changing and the community is requiring men to be more expressive of emotions. The majority of teenage boys interviewed stated that teachers and school experiences influenced their understanding of masculinity. Pupil - teacher relationships, conversations, exhortations and non-verbal communications are all perceived as means by which teachers influence students. Some teachers were regarded as good role models, making a positive contribution the boys’ masculinity. Interviewees reported that the schools promoted two masculinities, ‘sporting’ and ‘academic’. They spoke of contrasting interpretations of the appropriate expression of emotion. One finding of the study is that some of the teenage boys experienced a ‘spirituality of connected masculinity’ through singing, cheering and participation in school activities including sport, liturgies and retreats. Implications are drawn from the study and recommendations are made for improving the education of boys including how schools can encourage a diversity of ‘reflective’ masculinities rather than reinforcing ‘hegemonic’ understandings of masculinity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of changes in preservice elementary mathematics teachers&rsquo / views and reflections about elementary mathematics classes based on their observations in School Experience I and School Experience II courses. Specifically, this study investigated pre-service elementary mathematics teachers&rsquo / views and reflections about instruction, assessment, and classroom management issues in elementary mathematics classes based on their observations in School Experience I and School Experience II courses. The sample consisted of 19 pre-service elementary mathematics teachers from a teacher education program at Middle East Technical University (METU). Pre-service elementary mathematics teachers involved in this study made their observations in their cooperating schools for 3 months during the spring semester of 2004-2005 academic year and the fall semester of 2007-2008 academic year. The data were collected by means of their School Experience I and School Experience II course reports. The results indicated that although there was commonality in the views and reflections of pre-service elementary mathematics teachers&rsquo / about instruction, assessment, and classroom management issues in elementary mathematics classes, there were differences in their knowledge in the way they perceive instruction, assessment, and classroom management as they progressed through their education. In other words, when School Experience I course reports were compared with School Experience II course reports, pre-service teachers perceived the mathematics instruction as more student-centered and they gave more importance to the alternative assessment strategies in their School Experience II course reports. Furthermore, they defended more positive classroom management methods in their School Experience II course reports.

Le principal objectif de notre recherche est de rendre compte des mécanismes psycho-sociaux par lesquels les enfants, âgés de 5-6 ans et scolarisés en grande section de maternelle, se différencient progressivement en tant qu’individus sexués et s’inscrivent dans des parcours scolaires genrés. En référence à une conception de la socialisation qui distingue un versant de l’acculturation et un versant de la personnalisation (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973), nous formulons l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’identité sexuée médiatise et personnalise l’influence de la socialisation de genre familiale et scolaire sur l’élaboration de l’expérience scolaire des jeunes enfants, en raison du degré de stéréotypie et du niveau d’hétérogénéité de ces milieux de socialisation et de la période de développement des jeunes enfants.Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons privilégié une méthodologie centrée sur le point de vue de l’ensemble des sujets concernés (adultes et enfants). Nous avons interrogé, à l’aide d’un questionnaire d’enquête, les parents (pères et mères) de 61 enfants scolarisés en grande section d’école maternelle, leurs enseignants et A.T.S.E.M. sur plusieurs dimensions de la socialisation de genre. L’identité sexuée de l’enfant a été appréhendée à l’aide du P.S.A.I. (Golombok & Rust, 1993), du B.S.R.I. adapté par Tostain (1993) et du test de la constance de genre (Dafflon Novelle, 2010). Enfin, l’expérience scolaire a été étudiée sur la base d’un entretien semi-directif réalisé auprès des enfants.Les principaux résultats mettent en évidence trois types d’expérience scolaire : « conforme », « agonistique » et « épistémique ». Si la socialisation de genre scolaire, via la transmission de valeurs éducatives, oriente principalement l’expérience scolaire des enfants, la socialisation de genre familiale, quant à elle, influence plus particulièrement la construction de l’identité sexuée. En outre, quelques liens apparaissent entre l’identité sexuée et l’expérience scolaire des jeunes enfants. Bien que les analyses réalisées ne permettent pas d’établir le rôle médiateur de l’identité sexuée, l’ensemble de ces résultats confirme la pertinence d’adopter un modèle théorique de la socialisation plurielle et conflictuelle qui examine les liens entre les processus d’acculturation et de personnalisation dans l’étude de la construction des trajectoires scolaires différenciées des filles et des garçons, et ce dès le plus jeune âge. Sous ce modèle, la prise en compte de la construction de l’identité sexuée permet de mieux saisir la part active de l’enfant dans l’élaboration de son expérience scolaire. / The main objective of our research is to account for the psychosocial mechanism by which children, aged 5-6 years and who attend to nursery school, progressively differentiate themselves as boys and girls and fit into gender school development. In reference to a conception of socialization which distinguishes a side of acculturation and a side of personalization (Malrieu & Malrieu, 1973), our hypothesis is the following : Gender identity mediates the influence of family and school gender socialization on the construction of school experience, because of the degree of stereotypy and the degree of heterogeneity of these socialization backgrounds and of the developmental step of the children. In order to test this hypotesis, we choose a methodology centered on the point of view of all the subjects concerned (adults and children). We proposed a questionnaire on several dimensions of gender socialization to the adults (fathers and mothers of 61 children attended nursery school, theirs teachers and their “A.T.S.E.M”. Child’s gender identity was examined with the P.S.A.I; (Golombok & Rust, 1993), the B.S.R.I. adapted by Tostain (1993) and the test of gender constancy (Dafflon Novelle, 2010).School experience was examined with a semi-directive interview.The main results highlight three types of school experience: “conform”, “agonistic” and “epistemic”. If school gender socialization, with the transmission of educational values, influences children’s school experience, family gender socialization influences the construction of gender identity. Some links appear between children’s gender identity and their school experience. Although the analyses don’t permit to establish the mediator role of gender identity, the results as a whole confirm the pertinence to adopt a theoretical model of a plural and conflicting socialization which examines the links between the processes of acculturation and personalization in the study of the construction of the girls and boys school development from the early age. Within this model, the consideration of child’s gender identity allows to better understand in the construction of his/her school experience.

Este trabalho investiga a produção de masculinidades de jovens estudantes homossexuais durante o Ensino Médio. Inicia com uma reflexão que visa a articular os conceitos de gênero de Joan Scott, de sexualidade de Jeffrey Weeks, de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, de experiência social e escolar de François Dubet e de preconceito de Agnes Heller. Na análise, realizada com base em entrevistas com alunos secundaristas de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de São Paulo, ressaltaram-se diversos elementos das trajetórias escolares dos sujeitos pesquisados. Constatam-se diversas contradições que revelam a instituição de ensino, de um lado, como um lugar ainda permeado pela homofobia, marcado pela violência física e verbal, pelas pressões que reiteram o padrão heterrosexual e pela constante referência à homossexualidade como um não-lugar; de outro, como espaço onde também se observam o revide às agressões, situações de acolhimento e aceitação pelos colegas bem como o empoderamento resultante da transgressão das normas de gênero, possibilitados pelos movimentos feminista e GLBT (gays, lésbicas, bissexuais e transgêneros). / This work investigates the production of masculinities of young gay students in Senior High-School. It starts with an attempt to intertwine the concepts of gender by Joan Scott, sexuality by Jeffrey Weeks, habitus by Pierre Bourdieu, school and social experience by François Dubet, and prejudice by Agnes Heller. The analysis, based on interviews with students from public and private schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, highlighted several elements in the school itinerary of the young men being researched. Contradictions were found that reveal, on one hand, school yet as a place permeated by homophobia with the presence of physical and verbal violence, with pressures that reiterate the heterosexual standard, and the constant reference of homosexuality as nonplace; on the other hand, school is also seen as a place where there are retaliation to assaults, situations of welcome and acceptance by classmates and empowerment resulting from transgression of gender rules, made possible by the feminist and GLBT (gay, lesbian, bissexual and transgender) movements.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-13T16:15:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 godinho.pdf: 1795471 bytes, checksum: 8f1ed8a070740adb149de402f3562a4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-13T16:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 godinho.pdf: 1795471 bytes, checksum: 8f1ed8a070740adb149de402f3562a4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese aborda a experiência escolar de mulheres estudantes do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos – PROEJA. São mulheres com trajetórias de estudo e de trabalho variadas, que se encontram em sala de aula e estabelecem interações, cuja especificidade é a mediação pelo saber escolar, ou seja, relações de saber, nas palavras de Bernard Charlot. Desse modo, as mulheres produzem uma experiência escolar específica, na qual mobilizam, confrontam, produzem e (res)significam saberes experienciais de naturezas distintas. O estudo também buscou compreender a partir dos estudos de gênero o modo como as mulheres historicamente aprenderam a não valorizar os seus saberes. A partir da realização de um estudo etnográfico, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar as relações de saber estabelecidas por estudantes mulheres em sua experiência escolar no PROEJA. O trabalho de coleta de dados apoiou-se em observação participante, diário de campo, entrevistas individuais. Uma turma do 4º semestre do Curso Técnico em Administração PROEJA foi acompanhada ao longo de um semestre letivo. A partir desse contato foram realizadas entrevistas com 14 mulheres, alunas da referida turma. Os resultados indicam que os saberes experienciais destas estudantes são oriundos dos tipos de atividade humana em que elas se envolveram fora da escola, ao longo da vida: o mundo do trabalho, a família, a igreja, os meios de comunicação e o espaço público da cidade. A relação de saber no PROEJA, a partir dos dados obtidos no trabalho de campo, apresenta como marcas a circulação de saberes oriundos de diferentes tipos de experiências; a tentativa de aproximação aos saberes escolares por meio da referência a saberes presentes no cotidiano; eventos de tensionamento entre o escolar e o experiencial; o silêncio em relação a determinados saberes; a presença marginal dos saberes das mulheres na sala de aula; e situações que corroboram a permanência da dicotomia e da hierarquização entre o conhecimento escolar e o saber experiencial. A partir de tais reflexões, nossa tese é que a análise das relações de saber estabelecidas por estas estudantes em sua experiência escolar visibiliza os saberes que marcam as experiências – tanto a escolar quanto as não escolares – das mulheres. Desse modo, contribui para o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas emancipatórias das mulheres no contexto escolar. / This dissertation examines the school experience of women in the National Program for the integration of vocational and basic education for youth and adults - PROEJA. These women, who have different study and work backgrounds, meet at a certain classroom and start establishing relationships which are mediated by school-related knowledge - which Charlot describes as relationship with knowledge. Therefore, these women generate a specific school experience, in which they activate, confront, produce and (re)signify experiential knowledge of different kind. This study has tried to comprehend, from the perspective of the gender studies, the way through which women have historically learned how not to value their knowledge. Based on an ethnographical study, the aim of this research was to analyze the distinct knowledge relationships established by these women in their school experience. Data was collected with the support of participant observation, field diary and personal interviews. A group of students from the 4th semester of the Business Management technical course from PROEJA was accompanied throughout a school semester. From the first contact on, 14 interviews were done with women from this group. The results indicate that the experiential knowledge of these women is originated from the types of activities in which they were involved outside school and throughout their lives: work, family, church, means of communication and public areas of the city. The relationship with knowledge in PROEJA, according to the data collected during the field work, shows tracks of a circulation of knowledge from different types of experience: the attempt to get closer to school knowledge by referring to the knowledge present in daily life; the tension between school events and experiential events; the silence in relation to specific knowledge; the marginal presence of women knowledge in class and other situations that reaffirm the dichotomy and hierarchy between school knowledge and experiential knowledge. Our thesis is that the analysis of knowledge relationships established by women highlight experience and, therefore, brig to light school the experiences and knowledge of these women from PROEJA. As a result, we indicate some elements to the construction of educational processes that lead to emancipation in the field of the Education for youth and adults (EJA) integrated to Vocational Education.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_lm_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1796364 bytes, checksum: 4c9e0cab6ccf08f3c20c78c531ff8028 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objeto desta tese é a presença da escola na constituição das identidades juvenis. Investiga-se os sentidos e significados que jovens urbanos e pobres atribuem à experiência escolar. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, é realizada com um grupo de jovens estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, com idade variável entre 17 e 26 anos, oriundos da periferia urbana de São Bernardo do Campo. A coleta de dados efetivou-se em duas etapas, no período 2005- 2007, com base em entrevistas intensivas individuais, entrevistas em grupo e observação. O diálogo do objeto com a teoria constrói-se no aprofundamento da noção de juventude e na análise sociohistórica da escola. Conclui-se que há uma presença efetiva da escola na constituição das identidades juvenis. Os jovens fazem-se atores em relação com a escola, mesmo quando estão fora dela. É por intermédio da experiência escolar que constroem os sentidos para suas ações, afirmam suas individualidades e se relacionam com o mundo. A escolarização aparece como horizonte, meta, necessidade ou como desejo a ser realizado. A presença juvenil na escola é pautada por estratégias de apropriação dos produtos escolares, de integração no tempo-espaço e de resistência aos mecanismos de aculturação dispersos em seu cotidiano. Contudo, há uma conjugação de mecanismos e práticas escolares que inclui os jovens pobres de forma degradada no sistema de ensino, ao mesmo tempo em que os excluem-integrando à dinâmica social. Há uma silenciosa produção do fracasso escolar no interior do sistema de ensino frente à ruidosa entrada dos jovens nas salas de aula. / The object of this thesis is the presence of school in the constitution of young people’s identities. Meanings and feelings given by urban, poor, young people to the school experience are investigated. The research, based on a qualitative approach, is performed with a group of young students (with age between 17 e 26 years old) attending primary or secondary school and coming from the urban periphery of São Bernardo do Campo (in the region of S. Paulo city). Data were collected in two different phases, between 2005 and 2007, by means of openended, in depth, individual interviews, group interviews, and observation. A dialogue between the object and the theory is built upon the discussion of the notion of youth and a sociohistorical analysis of school. One of our findings is that school represents an effective presence in the constitution of juvenile identities. Young people behave as actors in their relation with school, even when they are outside the school. By means of the mediation with the school experience, they construct meanings for their actions, affirm their individualities, and enter into relationship with the world. Schooling represents to them as an horizon, a goal, a necessity or a desire. Young people’s presence in school is characterized by strategies of appropriation of what school produces, strategies of integration in the space-time of school, and strategies of resistance to the mechanisms of acculturation diffused in their daily life. However, there is, in the school, a conjugation of mechanisms and practices that includes poor young people in a degraded way in the teaching system and that, at the same time, excludes them, and integrate them in the larger social dynamics. A silent production of failure is at work in the interior of the school system, together with the noisy entrance of this young boys and girls in the classrooms.

Orientador: Vera Teresa Valdemarin / Banca: Luciana Maria Giovanni / Banca: Marcos Cezar de Freitas / Banca: Angela Viana Machado Fernandes / Banca: Rosa Fátima de Souza / Resumo: O objeto desta tese é a presença da escola na constituição das identidades juvenis. Investiga-se os sentidos e significados que jovens urbanos e pobres atribuem à experiência escolar. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, é realizada com um grupo de jovens estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, com idade variável entre 17 e 26 anos, oriundos da periferia urbana de São Bernardo do Campo. A coleta de dados efetivou-se em duas etapas, no período 2005- 2007, com base em entrevistas intensivas individuais, entrevistas em grupo e observação. O diálogo do objeto com a teoria constrói-se no aprofundamento da noção de juventude e na análise sociohistórica da escola. Conclui-se que há uma presença efetiva da escola na constituição das identidades juvenis. Os jovens fazem-se atores em relação com a escola, mesmo quando estão fora dela. É por intermédio da experiência escolar que constroem os sentidos para suas ações, afirmam suas individualidades e se relacionam com o mundo. A escolarização aparece como horizonte, meta, necessidade ou como desejo a ser realizado. A presença juvenil na escola é pautada por estratégias de apropriação dos produtos escolares, de integração no tempo-espaço e de resistência aos mecanismos de aculturação dispersos em seu cotidiano. Contudo, há uma conjugação de mecanismos e práticas escolares que inclui os jovens pobres de forma degradada no sistema de ensino, ao mesmo tempo em que os excluem-integrando à dinâmica social. Há uma silenciosa produção do fracasso escolar no interior do sistema de ensino frente à ruidosa entrada dos jovens nas salas de aula. / Abstract: The object of this thesis is the presence of school in the constitution of young people's identities. Meanings and feelings given by urban, poor, young people to the school experience are investigated. The research, based on a qualitative approach, is performed with a group of young students (with age between 17 e 26 years old) attending primary or secondary school and coming from the urban periphery of São Bernardo do Campo (in the region of S. Paulo city). Data were collected in two different phases, between 2005 and 2007, by means of openended, in depth, individual interviews, group interviews, and observation. A dialogue between the object and the theory is built upon the discussion of the notion of youth and a sociohistorical analysis of school. One of our findings is that school represents an effective presence in the constitution of juvenile identities. Young people behave as actors in their relation with school, even when they are outside the school. By means of the mediation with the school experience, they construct meanings for their actions, affirm their individualities, and enter into relationship with the world. Schooling represents to them as an horizon, a goal, a necessity or a desire. Young people's presence in school is characterized by strategies of appropriation of what school produces, strategies of integration in the space-time of school, and strategies of resistance to the mechanisms of acculturation diffused in their daily life. However, there is, in the school, a conjugation of mechanisms and practices that includes poor young people in a degraded way in the teaching system and that, at the same time, excludes them, and integrate them in the larger social dynamics. A silent production of failure is at work in the interior of the school system, together with the noisy entrance of this young boys and girls in the classrooms. / Doutor

Este trabalho investiga a produção de masculinidades de jovens estudantes homossexuais durante o Ensino Médio. Inicia com uma reflexão que visa a articular os conceitos de gênero de Joan Scott, de sexualidade de Jeffrey Weeks, de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, de experiência social e escolar de François Dubet e de preconceito de Agnes Heller. Na análise, realizada com base em entrevistas com alunos secundaristas de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de São Paulo, ressaltaram-se diversos elementos das trajetórias escolares dos sujeitos pesquisados. Constatam-se diversas contradições que revelam a instituição de ensino, de um lado, como um lugar ainda permeado pela homofobia, marcado pela violência física e verbal, pelas pressões que reiteram o padrão heterrosexual e pela constante referência à homossexualidade como um não-lugar; de outro, como espaço onde também se observam o revide às agressões, situações de acolhimento e aceitação pelos colegas bem como o empoderamento resultante da transgressão das normas de gênero, possibilitados pelos movimentos feminista e GLBT (gays, lésbicas, bissexuais e transgêneros). / This work investigates the production of masculinities of young gay students in Senior High-School. It starts with an attempt to intertwine the concepts of gender by Joan Scott, sexuality by Jeffrey Weeks, habitus by Pierre Bourdieu, school and social experience by François Dubet, and prejudice by Agnes Heller. The analysis, based on interviews with students from public and private schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, highlighted several elements in the school itinerary of the young men being researched. Contradictions were found that reveal, on one hand, school yet as a place permeated by homophobia with the presence of physical and verbal violence, with pressures that reiterate the heterosexual standard, and the constant reference of homosexuality as nonplace; on the other hand, school is also seen as a place where there are retaliation to assaults, situations of welcome and acceptance by classmates and empowerment resulting from transgression of gender rules, made possible by the feminist and GLBT (gay, lesbian, bissexual and transgender) movements.

As traditional family roles change and circumstances at home become increasingly varied in contemporary society, the experiences of children also undergo change. For instance, when fathers take on primary caregiving responsibilities, those differing circumstances also impact their children. Therefore, it is important for researchers to study how changing parental roles affect children in the home. Through the use of qualitative research design, this research focuses on how the experiences of children within the home may be impacted when fathers are the primary caregiver. Although previous research has examined several aspects of family dynamics with so-called stay-at-home fathers, research has not yet evaluated how full-time fathering in the home may impact children's educational and school experiences. This thesis describes six fathers' and six mothers' perspectives about their children's school experiences when the father provides childcare in the home while the mother works full-time outside the home. Results suggest that division of roles in a family can affect some areas of children's experiences and responses implied there are multiple interacting variables that contribute to the parental influences on children. Mothers focus on the social experiences of their children as components of overall school experience. Fathers more frequently talked about the emotional and behavioral components of school experience. The results inform the disciplines of family science, teacher education, and school psychology of key considerations when working with children in this nontraditional family arrangement.