In Sub-Saharan Africa, one of the world’s poorest regions, governments heavily rely upon donor Aid in order to sustain their national budgets and address the exacerbation of poverty. Malawi, one of the poorest countries in the region is no exception and part of the cause of the poverty is donor aid suspension. The United Nation’s World Food Programme (WFP) in Malawi introduced the School Feeding programme in 1999. The intention was to reduce dropout rates, promote regular attendance, increase enrolment, and improve children’s ability to concentrate and learn, and improve government capacity to implement a school meals programme. During the period between 2007 and 2011, the WFP announced the temporary suspension of the programme for half a million children in 10 of the 13 Malawian Districts of which the Chirazdulu district was one. Since the suspension of the programme, no proper study has been conducted to indicate the bearing of the suspension. The purpose of the study was to explore in which ways suspension of Aid provision by the WFP from 2007 to 2011 affected the school meals programme and the socio-economic status of the beneficiaries of the programme in the Chiradzulu district in Malawi. Participants in the study were three teachers at two schools where the programme is offered and four parents from the two schools who were involved in the administration of the programme. A qualitative research approached was used and a case study design was applied at two schools in the Chiradzulu district where the WFP’s school meals programme was implemented. Semi-structure interview schedules that were pre-tested were used during the individual interviews conducted with parents and teachers. The school meals programme is still implemented at the two schools today. The main findings revealed that donor aid suspension affected the continued implementation of the school meals programme and the socio-economic wellbeing of the programme’s beneficiaries. There was a reduction in school attendance by learners, increased absenteeism, evidence of malnourishment amongst learners and increasing pressure on parents to provide breakfast for the learners before they went to school. For the programme to have a sustainable impact it is recommended that its implementation must not be interrupted by aid suspension, the programme must be expanded but remain targeted and not become universal and the Malawi government assume full responsibility of the programme and stop reliance on foreign funding.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:56:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ORCANTINA IONE TELES FERREIRA.pdf: 459295 bytes, checksum: e6735221fc24c1be1e6290d7ef1247ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / The practical application of the National School Alimentation Program (PNAE) orientations as well as the schools Pedagogical Political Project (PPP) can both interfere in the nutritional and environmental education. This study analyzed if nutritional and environmental education is developed in the basic public schools in Goiânia, and if there are concrete didactic actions related to the school meals, looking specially at the differences between the downtown schools and those from the outskirts, with meals half-day and whole-day. This study uses a quantitative study, and the data was collected at 22 basic state schools in Goiânia. The schools were divided in three groups: eighteen outskirts schools with half-day meals (EPP), three downtown schools with half-day meals (ECP) and one downtown school with whole-day meals (ECI). To acquire the data this study used two questionnaires based on the Questionnaire D School Meals Acceptance . The questionnaires were answered by 1346 students and 275 teachers. Descriptive statistical analysis were made in order to test if there were a significant difference, as well as the chisquare test, which the significance level was 0,05. This study concluded that, in average, 74% ECP, 100% ECI e 82% EPP of the teachers declared to use the PNAE at the schools PPP. The use of nutritional education was verified in the 51% ECP, 31% ECI e 77% EPP of the answers that confirmed that practice, and most also said to use interdisciplinary activities. Most teachers consider themselves qualified to explain about the importance of nutritional education (69% ECP, 77% ECI e 81% EPP). The practice of schools kitchens staff is close to the recommended by the PNAE, 83% ECP, 92% ECI e 100% EPP cook the meals at the schools kitchen or at a central one. The average of 65% ECP, 69% ECI e 74% EPP of the teachers says that the staff is adequately equipped to guarantee the foods hygiene. Looking at the students opinions about the schools meals, we can say that 54% ECP, 51% ECI e 54% EPP of the students don t like some of the food offered. Within the reasons why the students don t eat the meals are the fact that some think of it as repetitive, that the time for eating is short, that the dining hall tables are inadequate and that the area isn t clean. The school is supposed to be the ideal place for nutritional health promotion, however, this analysis shows that promoting nutritional education requires a great evolvement from the students, teachers qualification, interference from the CAE (Council of School Feeding), presence of a nutrition professional and quality improvement of the meals served at the schools, guaranteeing the fulfillment of the nutritional parameters and promoting nutritional education. / A aplicação prática das orientações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) juntamente com o Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) das escolas configura um cenário adjacente, podendo interferir na educação alimentar/nutricional e ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se a educação alimentar, nutricional e ambiental é desenvolvida na rede pública de ensino fundamental de Goiânia e se há ações didáticas concretas relacionadas à merenda escolar avaliando as diferenças entre escolas do centro e da periferia com merenda parcial e integral. Optou-se por um estudo quantitativo e os dados foram coletados em 22 escolas estaduais de ensino fundamental de Goiânia. As escolas foram divididas em três grupos: dezoito escolas de periferia com merenda parcial (EPP), três escolas centrais com merenda parcial (ECP) e uma escola central com merenda integral (ECI). Para coleta de dados foram elaborados dois questionários com base no Questionário D - Aceitação da Alimentação Escolar . Os questionários foram respondidos por 1346 alunos e 275 professores. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas das variáveis categóricas e a fim de testar se houve diferença significativa, foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado, cujo nível de significância adotado foi 0,05. Pôde-se concluir que 74% ECP, 100% ECI e 82% EPP% dos professores afirmam constar o PNAE no PPP das escolas. A prática de ensino da educação alimentar/nutricional e ambiental foi verificada em 51% ECP, 31% ECI e 77% EPP das respostas que confirmam existir atividade pedagógica e, grande parte afirma que também há atividades interdisciplinares. A maioria dos professores se considera qualificada para explicar sobre a importância da educação alimentar (69% ECP, 77% ECI e 81% EPP). Concernente ao funcionamento dos refeitórios as escolas estão próximas ao recomendado pelo PNAE, pois 83% ECP, 92% ECI e 100% EPP preparam a alimentação escolar na cozinha da escola ou em cozinha central. Quanto ao preparo da merenda escolar a maioria (65% ECP, 69% ECI e 74% EPP) dos professores relata que os funcionários são devidamente equipados para garantir a higiene alimentar. Ao analisar a opinião dos alunos diante às práticas relacionadas à merenda escolar conclui-se que 54% ECP, 51% ECI e 54% EPP dos alunos não gostam de algumas alimentações oferecidas. Dentre os motivos pelos quais não comem a merenda destaca-se o fato de a acharem repetitiva, de o tempo disponível para comer ser curto e em relação à estrutura física afirmam que não há mesas próprias para realizar as refeições e que o local não é limpo. A escola, por princípio, é o ambiente ideal para a promoção da saúde alimentar/nutricional e ambiental, contudo, a análise atual mostra que promover educação alimentar e nutricional exige envolvimento dos alunos, qualificação do professor, atuação do CAE (Conselho de Alimentação Escolar), presença de nutricionista e melhoria da qualidade da refeição servida na escola, garantindo atendimento aos parâmetros nutricionais e promovendo educação alimentar.

Orientador: Fernando Leite Hoffmann / Banca: Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida / Banca: Maria Luiza Silva Fazio / Resumo: Os alimentos são passiveis de contaminação por diferentes agentes etiológicos que podem levar ao desenvolvimento de doenças afetando a saúde humana desencadeada por microrganismos patogênicos ou suas toxinas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a merenda servida ás crianças, e as condições de preparo desta, através da análise microbiológica dos principais micro-organismos envolvidos em doenças transmitidas por alimentos.Este trabalho analisou 78 amostras de diferentes tipos de alimento servido para as crianças em 3 escolas do ensino infantil da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, 21 amostras de água utilizada no preparo da merenda e 29 amostras de Swab das mãos dos manipuladores. Avaliou-se a merenda foram quanto a presença de Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, determinação do número mais provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, contagem de Bacillus cereus, Clostridios sulfito redutores, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e bolores e leveduras. As amostras de água foram avaliadas quanto a contagem total de bactérias heterotróficas, coliformes totais, termotolerantes e pesquisa de E.coli. Investigou-se coliformes totais, termotolerantes, pesquisa de E.coli, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e bolores e leveduras nas amostras de swab. Quando presentes cepas de E. coli e S. aureus foi realizado teste de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. Para avaliação das condições de preparo da merenda realizou-se um check list nas cozinhas das escolas. 100% das amostras estavam de acordo com a legislação na contagem de Bacillus cereus, Clostridios sulfito redutores e pesquisa de Salmonella spp. 7,7% das amostras apresentaram contagens iguais ou superiores a 1100 NMP para coliformes totais, 1,3% não atendiam aos padrões estabelecidos para coliformes termotolerantes, em 6,4% das amostras foi detectado a presença de E.coli 1.3% apresentou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Foods are susceptible to contamination from different etiologic agents which can lead to the development of illnesses affecting human health triggered by pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins. The objective of the study is to evaluate the conditions in which the school meals are served to the children through a microbiological analysis of the principal food-related pathogens. This work analyzed 78 samples of different types of food served to children from 3 infant schools in the city of São José do Rio Preto, 21 water samples used in the preparation of school meals and 29 swab samples from the hands of the food handlers. The food samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, the most probable number (MPN) of total and thermotolerant coliforms, the amount of Bacillus cereus, sulphite-reducing Clostridium, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, mould and yeast. The water samples were tested for the total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, thermotolerants, and traces of E. coli. The swab samples were analysed for total coliforms, thermotolerants, traces of E. coli, the amount of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, mould and yeast. The strains of E. coli and S. aureus found were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. To evaluation of conditions of preparation of the meal took place a check list in school kitchens. 100% of the samples were in accordance with the legislation for the amount of Bacillus cereus, sulphite-reducing Clostridium and traces of Salmonella spp. 7.7% of the samples presented results equal to or above 1100 MPN for total coliforms while 1.3% did not comply with the standards established for thermotolerant coliforms. In 6.4% of the samples the presence of E. coli was detected; 1.3% presented results higher than 10 3 colony-forming units (CFU) for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and 6.4% of the samples presented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

The graduation thesis compares school meals at selected schools in the South Moravian Region and in the Vysocina Region. The South Moravian region represents schools in the district of Znojmo, especially The Primary School Jevisovice, The Primary School Kravsko and The Primary School Prague in Znojmo. The Vysocina Region is represented by schools from the district of Trebic, especially The Primary School Budkov and The Primary School Jemnice. The theoretical part is devoted to the individual nutrition, nutritional recommendations, children's eating habits and proper nutrition at schools. Moreover, the thesis deals with general knowledge of HACCP and the consumer basket. In the practical part I evaluate five selected canteens and compare them with each other. In the chapter Results I describe the individual parts of the kitchen facilities, such as storage rooms, dining rooms and the kitchen itself. From each of the school canteen I was given internal documents with photographic documentation. Due to these facts and dialogue with the leadership of both equipments and canteens, I received information about the internal rules of the kitchen. Principally, I focused on observance of critical points with HACCP and control of production diagram in all establishments. I requested the protocols of critical control points for the month of September or October 2014 from each of the school canteen. The school canteen managers have given me the fulfillment of the consumer basket in two months, particularly in September and October 2014. The performance of the consumer basket is closely related to monthly menus. I had the opportunity to read out from the menu which ingredients cooks use and also whether the meals are changed regularly or are still the same. There are two questionnaires in this chapter. The first questionnaire was distributed to the head of school canteens. The manager of each school canteens fill in the questionnaire according to real information. The questionnaire concerns an operation of the school canteen. The second questionnaire was distributed to pupils and teachers. They evaluate served meals and surroundings of the school canteen. The results point out to the quality of school meals in the school canteens. In conclusion of this work I can say that it can not clearly identify which the school canteen cooks healthily and is the best one. Each school canteen is unique in something, but all school canteens cook meals which are suitable for children. The school canteen of Primary School Budkov takes care of their diners great. They create different catering programs for pupils during the year. They organize the days of foreign cuisine. The pupils can make up their own menu and cooks prepare the meals on request. The Primary School Jemnice has appropriately designed storage areas and modern kitchen facilities. The school canteen of Primary School Jevisovice indulges the food supplement for their pupils every day (fruit, vegetable, candy bar, pudding, salad and others). The school canteen of Primary School Kravsko offers a variety of salads and fresh fruit for their pupils. The drink is provided as herbal tea or fruit tea with lemon or juice. The school canteen of Primary School Prague in Znojmo has a modern kitchen equipment and a dining room. The dining room is painted beautifully above the dispensing window. They prepare tasty snacks for their pupils in the morning. The selected school canteens regularly change meals or they modify meals completely. The food supplements are served with main meals at least three times per week in all school canteens. All school canteens cook varied and nutritionally balanced meals with the different food supplements. They often add a cereal product and a healthy side dish. If it continues, these school canteens will be healthy canteens. Nevertheless, the parents of these pupils should know that their school canteen is really the best one.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with anemia in school children from Maceió, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study using probability sampling of 1518 children (9.8 ± 0.5 years of age) attending public (n=931) and private (n=587) primary schools in the municipality. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain socioeconomic, demographic, anthropomorphic, hemoglobin and dietary data. The measure of association used was prevalence ratio (PR) and respective CI95%, calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment, for the crude and adjusted analyses. Results: The prevalence of anemia was found to be higher amongst the public school children than the private school children (10.8% vs. 7.0%; PR=1.54; CI95%: 1.1; 2.2). At the public schools, the variables that remained significantly associated with anemia after the multivariate analysis were “consumption of fruits and fruit juices < 2 portions/day” (PR=2.19; CI95%: 1.18; 4.06) and “male” (PR=1.51; CI95%: 1.001; 2.30). At the private schools, these variables were “working mother” (PR=2.83; CI95%: 1.23; 6.52) and “monthly school fees < R$ 188.00” (PR=3.20; CI95%: 1.46; 7.03). Conclusion: Anemia amongst school-age children is a public health problem in the Brazilian city of Maceió. Even when it is classified as slight, it requires the attention of public policy managers, in view of the associated damage to health, cognitive development, school performance, and the quality of life of the individuals affected. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à anemia em escolares de Maceió. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1518 alunos (9,8 ± 0,5 anos), pertencentes às redes pública (n=931) ou privada (n=587) de ensino fundamental do município. Foram utilizados questionários semiestruturados para a obtenção de informações socioeconômicas, demográficas, antropométricas, hemoglobina e de consumo alimentar. Utilizou-se como medida de associação a razão de prevalência (RP) e respectivo IC95%, calculados por regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância, tanto na análise bruta como na ajustada. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia em crianças da rede pública foi superior à observada naquelas da rede privada (10,8% vs. 7,0%; RP=1,54; IC95%: 1,1; 2,2). As variáveis que entre alunos da rede pública se manteve significantemente associada à anemia após análise multivariável foram “consumo de frutas e sucos < 2 porções/dia” (RP=2,19; IC95%: 1,18; 4,06) e ser do “sexo masculino” (RP=1,51; IC95%: 1,001 a 2,03). Nas escolas privadas, foram “mãe trabalhar fora de casa” (RP=2,83; IC95%: 1,23; 6,52) e “mensalidade escolar < R$ 188,00” (RP=3,20; IC95%: 1,46; 7,02). Conclusão: A anemia em escolares de Maceió é um problema de saúde pública que, embora classificado como do tipo leve, requer atenção por parte dos gestores das políticas públicas, haja vista os danos causados à saúde, desenvolvimento cognitivo, aprendizagem e à qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the eating habits of students at a grammar school. We directly monitored students of the first, third, fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school in Trebon during the academic year 2010/2011. The research can be divided into several parts. The first part of this work consists of evaluating the nutritional quality of lunches of selected micronutrients and macronutrients and comparison with the standard requirements for the age brackets. The second part is focused on the diversity of diets in terms of representation of individual foods and meals. These data were compared with the recommended consumption basket. In the third part I monitored eating habits of students by using a questionnaire survey. In the fourth part there is a comparison of BMI values of individual pupils at the beginning and at the end of the school year, including the assignment of percentile. The hypothesis test was evaluated in the fifth part of this thesis. Regarding to the analysis of the various menus was found that annual energy intake from lunch of the students in the first and third year of a grammar school was less than the recommended values. By the contrast this is met by students in the fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school. Annual protein intake from lunch in all classes reached the high value. Fat intake by the students in the first and the third year was in a range of the recommended standards. A slight increase of the macronutrients was found out in meal of students in the fifth and seventh year. The daily recommended intake of carbohydrate was in the average year-round directly lower; about 3,3% the first class, 3,6% the third class and 2,05% the seventh class. Lunch in the fifth year of an eight-year grammar school achieved the desired quantity. The analysis also shows that the intake of dietary fibre was at all four classes of students in sufficient quantities. The intake of calcium in all classes was lower than the recommended standard. The intake of magnesium was higher in all classes than is recommended. Lunch of students in all classes contains a sufficient representation of other minerals. The daily recommended intake of vitamin A in all classes was higher than the given recommended valueThe daily recommended dose of vitamin C was received in the amount of 108% in the first class, 117% in the third, 128,4% in the fifth, 125,6% in the seventh. According to the research vitamin B6 and B12 was received in excess. By comparing the diversity of menus was found that the consumption of yeast soup fails. Pulses soups were represented by the standard. This research also discovered the lack of meat-less/vegetarian meals, chicken and pulses meals. On the other hand fried, sweet meals and pork meat was chosen very often. It should be noted that diversity is influenced by the students themselves, by their choice at all. The survey shows that there is the same amount of students who have breakfast and the same amount of those who don´t. The eating of morning and afternoon snacks is likely rare. Student who took part in this survey also pointed out that they have lunch regularly in the school canteen. Nobody mention his/her distaste to daily consumption of fruit or vegetables. The fluid intake was inadequate in most cases. BMI for most students is in the norm. There is only a minimum of respondents with low weight, overweight or obese. Hypothesis testing has not shown that the missing breakfast causes higher BMI. The level of eating at the eight-year grammar school measured in the studied canteen corresponds to the most evaluated parameters to the nutritional requirements of children's ages. Consumer basket is filled, but the variety of the menu is influenced by the consumers themselves.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-08T13:17:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 helenacardosoribeiro.pdf: 2184384 bytes, checksum: e8c63805dd549daff051508c6ce88f75 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Favor corrigir maiúscula no título: ... Da escola à política Favor corrigir departamento on 2018-01-22T18:39:12Z (GMT) / Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-22T18:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 helenacardosoribeiro.pdf: 2184384 bytes, checksum: e8c63805dd549daff051508c6ce88f75 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-24T12:19:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 helenacardosoribeiro.pdf: 2184384 bytes, checksum: e8c63805dd549daff051508c6ce88f75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T12:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 helenacardosoribeiro.pdf: 2184384 bytes, checksum: e8c63805dd549daff051508c6ce88f75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-09 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a política de alimentação escolar no Brasil e em Portugal a partir da reflexão a respeito do texto político adotado em cada país, bem como da apreensão de como essas políticas de alimentação acontecem nas escolas. O objetivo se desdobra em três questões principais: (i) qual (is) perspectiva(s) emerge(m) a partir de contextos escolares específicos; (ii) o que é comer institucionalmente; e (iii) quais interpretações podem emergir a partir da análise das políticas de alimentação escolar. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico exploratório acerca da produção científica brasileira quanto ao tema da alimentação/merenda escolar, juntamente com a revisão de literatura no campo das ciências sociais que pudesse contribuir para pensar (a) na escola como uma instituição onde se realiza a alimentação e (b) na política pública como mecanismo de intervenção a esse respeito. Ademais, foi realizada pesquisa de campo em duas escolas do município de Juiz de Fora-Brasil, complementada por dados de duas escolas de Lisboa-Portugal. Tais dados foram levantados pela pesquisa “Entre a Escola e a Família: conhecimentos e práticas alimentares das crianças em idade escolar” que foi financiada pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (PTDC/CS-SOC/111214/2009) e realizada no Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, sob a responsabilidade da Professora Mónica Truninger. Com o desenvolvimento desse estudo, fundamentado na perspectiva da escola como instituição, identificou-se que a padronização alimentar nesses estabelecimentos se concretiza por dois caminhos. Um, delineado pelas exigências colocadas nas políticas de alimentação escolar que têm como base a noção de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional a partir de uma lógica do risco. O outro, traçado nas práticas alimentares cotidianas por meio das escolhas realizadas pelas merendeiras de acordo com os alimentos disponíveis e as preferências dos alunos. Assim, temos, na complementariedade do poder-saber legitimado na política e do poder-saber da merendeira, uma cultura alimentar institucional da escola que dá origem às realidades vividas em cada estabelecimento. / This study aims to analyze the school food policy in Brazil and in Portugal from the reflection about political text adopted in each country as well as the apprehension of how food policies happen in schools. The point unfolds on three main issues: what is eat institutionally; which interpretations can emerge from the analysis of school food policies; which perspective emerge from specific school contexts. For the development of the study was exploratory bibliographical on the Brazilian scientific production on the subject of food/snacks, as well as the review of the literature in the field of social sciences could contribute to thinking (a) the school as an institution where food and (b) the public policy intervention mechanism in this regard. In addition, field research was conducted in two schools in the municipality of Juiz de Fora-Brazil, supplemented by data from two schools of Lisbon-Portugal raised by research "Between the school and the family: children´s food knowledge and eating practices" funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/CSSOC/ 111214/2009), held at the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon under the responsibility of the Professor Monica Truninger. With the development of this study, based on the perspective of the school as an institution, has identified that the food in these establishments come true standardization by two paths. A, outlined by the demands placed on the school food policies that are based on the notion of Food and Nutritional Security from a logic of risk. The other, tracking food everyday practices by means of the choices made by the school in accordance with the food available and the students ' preferences. So, we have in the complementarity of power-know politics and power legitimated-know the lunch box an "institutional food culture school" which gives rise to the realities lived in each establishment.

Orientador: Walter Belik / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T20:37:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fornazier_Armando_D.pdf: 3338973 bytes, checksum: 8c0046f787dff9268c2b06afb1d8eb74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Na última década foi criada no Brasil uma política pública de compras governamentais junto à agricultura familiar com o objetivo de inserção desses atores sociais nos mercados, bem como para a melhoria da alimentação servida nas escolas públicas. As compras governamentais visam o provimento de gêneros alimentícios para as escolas e a criação de oportunidades para os agricultores de regiões de baixa dinâmica econômica. Através desse programa exclusivo, os agricultores familiares têm a oportunidade de se inserir nos mercados locais, assim como buscarem novos mercados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de verificar como está ocorrendo a conexão entre a produção e o consumo na política pública de compras governamentais para a alimentação escolar em regiões de baixa dinâmica econômica. Para atender o objetivo, além da pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a importância das políticas públicas e a evolução dos programas voltados para a agricultura familiar e para o desenvolvimento rural, também se buscou descrever experiências de mercados locais nos quais se inserem as compras para as escolas e outros equipamentos públicos. Com isso, na etapa seguinte da pesquisa foi realizado um levantamento de campo tendo como base um grupo de municípios participante do Programa Federal Territórios da Cidadania nos Estados de São Paulo e Espírito Santo. Os resultados mostraram que as prefeituras dos territórios estudados estão comprando dos agricultores familiares locais para atender a alimentação escolar. Por outro lado, algumas organizações de agricultores familiares que começaram a atuar nos mercados locais também estão conseguindo comercializar para outras regiões, principalmente no Estado de São Paulo. A comercialização para outras regiões é uma grande oportunidade, pois a demanda pública de alimentos das regiões produtoras é pequena, porém, as grandes cidades também necessitam realizar as compras de agricultores familiares, abrindo oportunidades e constituindo um mercado maior. As maiores dificuldades encontradas pelos agricultores familiares na inserção no mercado para a alimentação escolar estão relacionadas ao pouco acompanhamento da produção pelos serviços de assistência técnica e extensão rural, falta de sincronia entre o pedido e a época de entrega, dificuldade de avançar em etapas de processamento e obtenção de selos de inspeção e embalagens adequadas. Muitos também não conseguem atender aos padrões de qualidade solicitados, logística, entre outros problemas. Por parte dos equipamentos públicos como as prefeituras que recebem esses produtos também há dificuldades como a burocracia interna para operacionalizar as compras, a pouca infraestrutura de recepção dos alimentos, o pouco diálogo com os agricultores, etc. Apesar dos municípios estudados fazerem parte de uma abrangência de políticas territoriais, há pouca articulação e parcerias com os municípios vizinhos e com outros entes federativos / Abstract: In the last decade, the Brazilian government implemented a new government acquisition policy with impacts on family farming. This new policy aimed to increase market shares of these social actors as well as to provide better meals in public schools. Government acquisition processes intend to provide schools with food as well as create opportunities for farmers in areas facing slow economic growth. Through this unique program, family farmers have opportunities to enter local and regional markets. The aim of this thesis is to assess the balance between production and consumption under the public police for school food acquisitions in areas facing slower economic growth. To this end, a literature review on the importance of public policies and the improvement of programs for family farming and rural development was carried out. Moreover, cases of local markets with schools and other public facilities facing these acquisitions norms are presented. The cases are based on field study carried out in a group of municipalities participating in the Territories of Citizenship Program in the states of São Paulo and Espírito Santo. Results show that indeed municipalities from considered territories are purchasing food from local family farmers to provide school meals. In addition, some family farmers associations that entered local markets are also succeeding in other regional marketplaces, especially in the State of São Paulo. Given that the government food demand in producing regions is reduced, marketing with other regions is a great opportunity. It is worthy to note that largest cities also need to acquire food from family farmers creating new opportunities for market expansion. The inability of technical support and training services to follow up production, temporal asynchrony of supplier and customers, difficult to advance in processing stages and to obtain inspection certificates and appropriate packing are among the major challenges faced by family farmers to enter markets. Moreover, many farmers cannot fulfill required quality standards, to cope with high logistic costs, among other challenges. From the perspective of public facilities receiving these products - city halls, for instance - there are also challenges such as internal red tape to purchase food, poor infrastructure to receive food, lack of communication with farmers, etc. Despite many municipalities participate in territorial policies, interaction and partnerships with nearby municipalities and other federal institutions are reduced / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

Resumo: O Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) tem como objetivos principais melhorar as condições nutricionais do aluno e sua capacidade de aprendizagem, procurando formar hábitos alimentares saudáveis com dinamização da economia local. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor inovações no cardápio do Programa de Alimentação do Escolar do Município de Piracicaba-SP, a partir da avaliação do abastecimento alimentar e das condições de produção das refeições. A pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas: na primeira foi realizado um diagnóstico geral do abastecimento alimentar do município, da Divisão de Alimentação e Nutrição da Prefeitura Municipal e dos hábitos alimentares das crianças da rede de ensino; a segunda etapa consistiu de um diagnóstico específico onde foram avaliadas a adesão e aceitabilidade de uma amostra dos cardápios atuais, utilizando-se de três metodologias tradicionais: Percentagem de Adesão, Estimativa Visual dos Restos em cada Prato e Escala Hedônica Estruturada Facial; na terceira etapa foi formulada uma proposta de inovação do cardápio para a alimentação escolar, a partir do desenvolvimento, padronização e avaliação das preparações. O levantamento de dados referentes à disponibilidade de produtos alimentícios indicou uma autosuficiência de produção apenas de verduras, milho, mandioca e banana, sendo que o abastecimento alimentar do PMAE é parcialmente regionalizado e não conta com fornecedor local. A avaliação da adesão da alimentação apontou para uma baixa adesão ao Programa, 39,32% na média geral. Nas escolas municipais (região norte e oeste) a adesão foi maior (55,88%) que nas estaduais (22,77%). Na escola da região norte onde as crianças pertencem a famílias com menores rendimentos a adesão foi mais expressiva (63,39%). A menor adesão (19,77) foi na escola estadual região sul... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Brazilian National School Meals Program has as main goals to improve student’s nutritional conditions and his/her learning capacity, through developing healthy eating habits and stimulating local economy.. The aims of this study was to propose changes in the Municipal School Meal Program’s menu, from an elementary study in four Piracicaba’s public schools and valuation of food supplay and the conditions of production the meals. The research was developed in three stages: in the first one three general diagnosis were carried out: (a) in the Municipal Food Supply, (b) within the Piracicaba Municipal of Food and Nutrition Division, and (c) the children eating habits from municipal public schools. The second stage constituted of a specific diagnosis evaluating the adhesion and acceptability of a food sample of the actual school menu. For this were used three traditional methodologies – Adhesion Percentages, Estimated Visual Leftovers and Facial Hedonic Scale. In the third stage it was developed, standardized and evaluated new preparations and formulated a new menu for the school meals. The data collected from the available food products indicated a self-sufficiency production only for vegetables, corn, cassava and bananas. The evaluation on eating adhesion showed a low adhesion to the program on average of 39.32%. The adhesion of the Municipal’s Schools located in the north and northeast of Piracicaba was higher (55.88%) than the State’s Schools (22.77%). The schools located in the north where the kids belonged to the lowest income families, the adhesion was higher (63.39%). Lower adhesion (19.77%) was found in State’s School located in the south where the children belonged to higher income families. When analyzing the acceptance using Visual Estimative of Leftovers (consumption) methodology it was observed a better acceptance (88.43%)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Orientador: João Bosco Faria / Coorientador: Maria Rita M. de Oliveira / Banca: Marina Vieira da Silva / Banca: Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda Costa / Banca: Gilma Lucazechi Sturion / Banca: Maria Alice Rosa Ribeiro / Mestre