El presente proyecto sobre útiles escolares o artículos de oficina nos muestra la viabilidad de su ejecución, este proyecto está dirigido a padres de familia y personas que laboran en oficinas que viven, trabajan o radican en la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana, nos estamos refiriendo a los distritos de San Borja, San Isidro, Miraflores, Surco y La Molina. Nos hemos enfocado en ese target, debido a que según nuestras investigaciones se les hace muy complicado la compra de útiles escolares a inicios de cada año escolar a los padres de familia, y por otro lado a las personas que laboran en oficina se les hace complicado comprar distintos artículos por su falta de tiempo, ambos coinciden en que es tedioso hacer estas comprar por el tiempo, la comodidad, los precios, entre otros. Es por eso que Utilibro ofrece útiles escolares o artículos de oficina a unos precios menores a los del mercado, adicionando un servicio de delivery para simplificar la vida de los consumidores. / This project about office and school supplies shows the viability of its execution. It is focused on both parents with children aged 6 to 17 and office men that live in the districts of San Borja, San Isidro, Miraflores, Santiago de Surco and La Molina from Metropolitan Lima. We targeted those segments because our investigation concluded that it is difficult for parents to acquire all the school supplies required at the beginning of the academic year and office men usually don’t have the time to invest in buying supplies for their workplace. Both segments coincide in the fact that it is tedious to get those supplies for a matter of time, confort, pricing, etc. That’s why Utilibro offers the solution by selling both school and office supplies at a lower cost and delivers the orders to the place designed by our customers. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad la reducción de mermas en una empresa comercializadora de útiles escolares. En el primer capítulo, se dará a conocer el marco teórico necesario para el desarrollo de la propuesta de solución donde se exponen temas de procesos, herramientas lean, cadena de suministros, gestión de almacenes, mermas y distribución de planta. En el segundo capítulo, se analizan los procesos para realizar un diagnóstico y poder identificar los problemas, así como las causas que lo originan. Luego, en el tercer capítulo se realiza la propuesta de solución utilizando diferentes herramientas. Así mismo, se realiza un plan piloto en una tienda modelo. En el cuarto capítulo, se miden los resultados del plan piloto, el impacto económico a través de la determinación de los costos y beneficios que se brindará a la empresa. Finalmente, se expondrán las conclusiones de la propuesta de implementación para el caso de estudio. / The purpose of this research is to reduce waste in a company that sells school supplies. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework necessary for the development of the solution proposal will be announced where issues of processes, lean tools, supply chain, warehouse management, waste and plant distribution are exposed In the second chapter, we analyze the processes to make a diagnosis and identify problems, as well as the causes that originate it. Then, in the third chapter the solution proposal is made using different tools. Likewise, a pilot plan is carried out in a model store In the fourth chapter, the results of the pilot plan are measured, the economic impact through the determination of the costs and benefits that will be provided to the company Finally, the conclusions of the implementation proposal for the case study will be presented. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente proyecto muestra la viabilidad de la ejecución del negocio de línea de útiles ecoamigables Muru, en base a la investigación realizada en Lima Metropolitana a ciudadanos de los niveles socioeconómicos A y B. Esta investigación permitió detectar que existe un segmento de consumidores que buscan poder adquirir útiles ecoamigables, hechos de materiales reciclados o que tengan un impacto negativo reducido en el medio ambiente, los cuales no encuentran con facilidad pues suelen ser vendidos al por mayor a clientes corporativos. Con el fin de que este proyecto se ponga en marcha el siguiente año (2020), se procuró analizar la industria a detalle, considerando las tendencias clave, las fuerzas de mercado, las fuerzas macroeconómicas, entre otras. Además, para lograr tener una mejor y más estructurada planificación, se desarrolló la estructura de la empresa, dividida de la siguiente forma: Plan de Marketing, Plan Financiero, Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, Plan de Recursos Humanos y Plan de Operaciones. Dentro de cada uno de ellos se contemplan las estrategias, actividades y recursos necesarios para que este proyecto sea viable cuando inicie sus operaciones. Se tuvo especial énfasis en el desarrollo del Plan Financiero para que las proyecciones contempladas en este sean lo más acertadas posible. Como resultado de lo mencionado, se obtuvo que para que el proyecto inicie su etapa operativa se necesita una inversión de 31,000 soles. Asimismo, luego de la inversión, las utilidades netas proyectadas son de 35,696.77; 93,400.48 y 136,959.96 soles para el primer, segundo y tercer año respectivamente. / The present project shows the viability of the execution of the Muru eco-friendly tool line business, based on the research carried out in Metropolitan Lima to the NSE "A" and "B" citizens. This investigation made it possible to detect that there is a segment of consumers who are looking to purchase eco-friendly tools, whether they are made from recycled materials or have a reduced impact on the environment, which consumers do not find easily because those are usually sold to corporate customers. In order to launch this project the next year (2020), it was attempted to analyze the industry in detail considering the key trends, market forces, macroeconomic forces, among others. In addition, in order to achieve a better and more structured planning, the company structure was developed, divided as follows: Marketing Plan, Financial Plan, Corporate Social Responsibility Plan, Human Resources Plan and the Operations Plan. Within each of the plans, the strategies, activities and resources that are needed for this project to be viable when in runs into operation are contemplated. Special emphasis was placed on the development of the Financial Plan so that its projections are as accurate as possible. As a result of the aforementioned, it was obtained that for the project to begin its operational phase an investment of 31,000 soles is needed. Also, after the investment, the projected net profits are 35,696.77; 93,400.48 and 136,959.96 soles for the first, second and third year respectively. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of this investigation is to make a study of practices in the purchasing of school supplies in small school systems of Texas. The specific purposes are to measure the efficiency of supply purchasing in these school systems, and, secondarily, to develop purchasing procedures that can be used as a handbook in the purchase of school supplies.

El presente trabajo de investigación está basado en la necesidad que tienen las personas por adquirir materiales y útiles escolares para sus diversos trabajos. Se vio que las personas invertían mucho tiempo en ubicar tiendas que ofrecieran variedad de productos, que atiendan en un horario conveniente y que no esté muy lejos de sus hogares o lugares de estudios. Así mismo, debido a los recientes eventos en el país se ha restringido la libertad de movimiento y de comercialización. Es por ello que Milista.com plantea introducir al mercado un servicio de delivery a través de un aplicativo móvil (para Android y iOS) en el cual te permite cotizar los materiales universitarios y útiles escolares que requieren los estudiantes de la carrera de Arquitectura, Ingeniería, Diseño y Arte, además puedes obtenerlos en un plazo máximo de 3 horas. Por otro lado, la creciente demanda del servicio de delivery ha tenido un crecimiento en el mercado limeño debido al ingreso de las app Glovo y Rappi y es una oportunidad que se tiene a favor para garantizar nuestro posicionamiento en el mercado limeño. Tendremos presencia tanto en redes sociales, página web y en el aplicativo móvil para que el usuario se sienta cómodo y tenga toda la información necesaria en el momento que lo requiera. Además, nuestra propuesta de negocio buscara brindar la mejor experiencia en el servicio de delivery con una excelente atención personalizada y cumpliendo con todas las medidas de bioseguridad. / This research work is based on the need that people have to acquire materials and school supplies for their various jobs. People were found to spend a lot of time locating stores that offer a variety of products, serve at convenient hours, and are not too far from their homes or places of study. Likewise, due to recent events in the country, freedom of movement and commercialization has been restricted. That is why Milista.com plans to introduce a delivery service to the market through a mobile application (for Android and iOS) in which it allows you to quote the university materials and school supplies required by the students of the Architecture, Engineering, Design and Art courses, you can also get them within a maximum period of 3 hours. On the other hand, the growing demand for the delivery service has had growth in the Lima market due to the entry of the Glovo and Rappi apps and it is an opportunity in favor of guaranteeing our position in the Lima market. We will have a presence both on social networks, website and in the mobile application so that the user feels comfortable and has all the necessary information at the time they require it. In addition, our business proposal will seek to provide the best delivery service experience with excellent personalized attention and complying with all biosecurity measures. / Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:35:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_fcom_me_assis.pdf: 1357885 bytes, checksum: 2d2b80ce8aa913c9616e91fb3a053992 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa, fundamentada na perspectiva histórico-cultural, tem como objetivo identificar as características do brincar das crianças nas idades de 6 e 7 anos, período de passagem da Educação Infantil para o Ensino Fundamental. Pretende, ainda, saber como os educadores oportunizam espaços para o brincar e como o fazem, investigando se é possível verificar os fatores delimitadores dessa prática. A escolha dessa faixa etária se justifica, considerando que as instituições escolares reduzem, cada vez mais, os espaços do brincar das crianças sob sua responsabilidade, haja vista, por exemplo, o recente parecer do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE/CEB n° 18/2005, Lei n 11.274 de 6/02/06, ainda não em vigor, em todo o território nacional), que acaba por priorizar a alfabetização, desconsiderando as especificidades próprias da criança. Nesse sentido, tanto a Educação Infantil como o Ensino Fundamental participam de um processo de preparação da criança para a alfabetização, priorizando o uso do material apostilado de ensino, destacado neste trabalho como um dos principais fatores delimitadores do brincar, principalmente na educação infantil. Para a realização da pesquisa, utilizou-se a abordagem etnográfica, concebida como um importante instrumento, pois possibilita maior interação com as complexidades e singularidades das relações sociais, viabilizando um estudo mais profundo e a construção de conhecimentos consistentes e científicos. Os procedimentos envolveram a observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os professores, diários de campo e a elaboração de outras técnicas de coleta de dados. A partir da análise do material obtido foi possível verificar que o brincar... / Based on historical and cultural perspective the present research has as a purpose to identify characteristics of playing among children between 6 and 7 years old, a period of transition from Early Childhood Education to Elementary School. Nevertheless it intends to know how the educators suit rooms for playing and how they do it, investigating whether it is possible to verify the factors that line off that action. The choice of this age group is justified, considering that schools reduce the rooms for the children´s plays under their responsibility. For instance, the recent opinion of the National Education Council (CNE / CEB No. 18/2005, Law No 11,274 of 6/02/06, not yet in force throughout the national territory), has just prioritize the literacy, ignoring the child's own characteristics. Accordingly, both Early Childhood Education and Elementary School take part in a process of preparing the child for literacy, prioritizing the usage of school supplies of teaching, highlighted in this work as one of the main delimiting factors of playing, especially in early childhood education. It was used to carry out the research an ethnographic approach, conceived as an important instrument, which allows a greater interaction with the complexities and singularities of social relationships, enabling a deeper study and a construction of a consistent and scientific knowledge. The procedures involved participant observation, semi-structured interviews with the teachers, daily records and the development of other techniques for collecting data. It was possible to verify from the analysis of the material obtained that playing, as an essential activity to the child development, is still seen as a moment of energy drain or as a pedagogical tool of literacy which according to historical-cultural theory misreads its functions.

Orientador: Maria Izabel Maretti Silveira Bueno / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T02:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Col_JoseAugustoda_D.pdf: 9318257 bytes, checksum: 54d0d6d3a0ad6811b828d2ca100ea0cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A técnica de Fluorescência de Raios X (XRF) considera medidas de intensidades e energias características dos raios X emitidos por amostras submetidas à radiação X. É rápida, de baixo custo, não destrutiva e multielementar. Essas características são muito atraentes para amostras da vida cotidiana. Um exemplo apresentado no Capítulo 2 é a análise exploratória da composição elementar de materiais escolares (giz de cera, massa de modelar e tinta guache), que possuem grande apelo junto ao público infantil. Por meio do método de Parâmetros Fundamentais (PF), que corrige teoricamente o efeito interelementar, constatou-se que a maioria dos materiais não apresentava contaminação por elementos tóxicos. Porém, três marcas de guache apresentaram o elemento Br (0,0024 ± 0,0001 a 0,0137 ± 0,0002 g/100g) e uma amostra de giz de cera, Ba (0,138 ± 0,005 g/100g). No terceiro capítulo, a comparação do uso de dois equipamentos de EDXRF (portátil e bancada) ajudou na caracterização de joias e bijuterias (colares, brincos, pulseiras, anéis e piercings), por meio da determinação dos teores dos constituintes metálicos que podem oferecer risco à saúde, como Ni e Pb. Várias amostras apresentaram concentração de Ni suficiente para provocar processos alérgicos, sinalizando a necessidade de cuidados pelas agências da área de saúde. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo, a quantificação de Na e Kem sal de cozinha (refinado, marinho e light) revelou dificuldades do método de PF na quantificação de elementos leves (Z < 22). O uso de um método univariado, baseado na calibração com as áreas dos picos, é uma alternativa possível, ainda que a manipulação de arquivos consuma certo tempo. A quantificação foi realizada com boas correlações tanto para Na (r = 0,974), como para K (r = 0,992). O método multivariado usando Partial Least Square Regression (PLS), com 5 LV, mostrou-se mais rápido. As quantificações de Na forneceram erros de calibração inferiores a 16% e uma correlação de 0,995. A tendência mais preocupante encontrada nas análises foi a possível não redução indicada pela legislação para o teor de Na no sal de cozinha light, que deve ser de 50%. As aplicações apresentadas podem ser realizadas de forma rápida, multielementar e atendendo às especificações da Química Verde / Abstract: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) employs measurements of intensities and characteristic energies of x-rays emitted by samples submitted to X-radiation. It is fast, low-cost, non-destructive and a truly multielement analytical technique. These properties are very attractive to be applied to daily life samples. An example is the exploratory analysis of the composition of school supplies (crayons, modeling clays, and gouaches), materials largely employed by children. Through the Fundamental Parameters method (FP), that performs theoretical corrections for the interelement effect, it was observed that most of the samples did not contain toxic elements. However, three gouache brands presented Br (0.0024 ± 0.0001 to 0.0137 ± 0.0002 g/100g), and a crayon sample contained Ba (0.138 ± 0.005 g/100g). In chapter 3, the comparison of two EDXRF devices (portable and benchtop) aimed at monitoring jewelry and bijou (necklaces, earrings, rings, bracelets and piercings) through the determination of metals that may be harmful, such as Ni and Pb. Many samples presented Ni concentrations that could trigger allergic processes, clearly indicating the need for a closer monitoring by health agencies. Finally, in chapter 4, the determination of Na and K in table salts (refined, marine and light types) revealed the difficulties of the PF method when working with light elements (Z < 22). An univariate method based on peak areas calibration is an attractive alternative, even though steps of data manipulations might consume some time. Quantifications were performed with good correlations for both Na (r = 0.974), and K (r = 0.992). A Partial Least Square Regression (PLS) method with 5 LV was very fast. Na quantifications provided calibration errors lower than 16% and a correlation of 0.995. Of great concern was the observation of high Na+ levels in light cooking salts, a type consumed mostly by hypertensive patients. The presented applications may be done in a fast and multielement fashion, in accordance with the Green Chemistry specifications / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Elizabeth Piemonte Constantino / Banca: Sueli Guadalupe de Lima Mendonça / Banca: Mário Sérgio Vasconcelos / Resumo: A presente pesquisa, fundamentada na perspectiva histórico-cultural, tem como objetivo identificar as características do brincar das crianças nas idades de 6 e 7 anos, período de passagem da Educação Infantil para o Ensino Fundamental. Pretende, ainda, saber como os educadores oportunizam espaços para o brincar e como o fazem, investigando se é possível verificar os fatores delimitadores dessa prática. A escolha dessa faixa etária se justifica, considerando que as instituições escolares reduzem, cada vez mais, os espaços do brincar das crianças sob sua responsabilidade, haja vista, por exemplo, o recente parecer do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE/CEB n° 18/2005, Lei n 11.274 de 6/02/06, ainda não em vigor, em todo o território nacional), que acaba por priorizar a alfabetização, desconsiderando as especificidades próprias da criança. Nesse sentido, tanto a Educação Infantil como o Ensino Fundamental participam de um processo de preparação da criança para a alfabetização, priorizando o uso do material apostilado de ensino, destacado neste trabalho como um dos principais fatores delimitadores do brincar, principalmente na educação infantil. Para a realização da pesquisa, utilizou-se a abordagem etnográfica, concebida como um importante instrumento, pois possibilita maior interação com as complexidades e singularidades das relações sociais, viabilizando um estudo mais profundo e a construção de conhecimentos consistentes e científicos. Os procedimentos envolveram a observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os professores, diários de campo e a elaboração de outras técnicas de coleta de dados. A partir da análise do material obtido foi possível verificar que o brincar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Based on historical and cultural perspective the present research has as a purpose to identify characteristics of playing among children between 6 and 7 years old, a period of transition from Early Childhood Education to Elementary School. Nevertheless it intends to know how the educators suit rooms for playing and how they do it, investigating whether it is possible to verify the factors that line off that action. The choice of this age group is justified, considering that schools reduce the rooms for the children's plays under their responsibility. For instance, the recent opinion of the National Education Council (CNE / CEB No. 18/2005, Law No 11,274 of 6/02/06, not yet in force throughout the national territory), has just prioritize the literacy, ignoring the child's own characteristics. Accordingly, both Early Childhood Education and Elementary School take part in a process of preparing the child for literacy, prioritizing the usage of school supplies of teaching, highlighted in this work as one of the main delimiting factors of playing, especially in early childhood education. It was used to carry out the research an ethnographic approach, conceived as an important instrument, which allows a greater interaction with the complexities and singularities of social relationships, enabling a deeper study and a construction of a consistent and scientific knowledge. The procedures involved participant observation, semi-structured interviews with the teachers, daily records and the development of other techniques for collecting data. It was possible to verify from the analysis of the material obtained that playing, as an essential activity to the child development, is still seen as a moment of "energy drain" or as a "pedagogical tool" of literacy which according to historical-cultural theory misreads its functions. / Mestre

El presente planteamiento de negocio consiste en el desarrollo de un canal de ventas online con una propuesta de valor distinta a los servicios tradicionales que actualmente existe en el mercado. El proyecto muestra información relevante, obtenido tanto de fuentes primarias como fuentes secundarias. De esta manera, se brinda todas las facilidades para que padres de familia o jóvenes puedan realizar compras en internet, y tengan la oportunidad de comprar sus útiles escolares de acuerdo con el precio, marca, color que prefieran y lo reciban en su casa en el horario que ellos decidan. Se plantea al público objetivo una propuesta innovadora, de fácil acceso a la plataforma y con precios acorde al mercado. En su etapa inicial estará al servicio de toda la zona 7 de lima (Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco, La Molina) y se tiene como proyección a mediano plazo estar a disposición de todo Lima. / The present business approach consists of the development of an online sales channel with a value proposition different from the traditional services that currently exist in the market. The project displays relevant information, obtained from both primary and secondary sources. In this way, all the facilities are provided so that parents or young people can make purchases on the internet, and have the opportunity to buy their school supplies according to the price, brand, color they prefer and receive it at home at the time let them decide. An innovative proposal is presented to our target audience, with easy access to the platform and with prices according to the market.In its initial stage it will be at the service of the entire zone 7 of Lima (Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco, La Molina) and the medium-term projection is to be available to all of Lima. / Trabajo de investigación