Background School meals have been seen to promote healthy dietary habits and social equality, in children, if parents are involved. The positive effects in the design of a sustainable school food service system come from a two-way communication between Food Service Professionals (FSP), and parents.  Objective The purpose of the study was to compare what aspects of the school meal FSP, and parents find important, and to see if there are differences, or similarities, that could have implications for how service quality is perceived (by the parents). Method Web-based questionnaire completed by 227 FSP, and 153 parents for children 6-16 years old. Individuals’ expectations were explored using a Food Service Quality Index. Groups were compared with Mann‐Whitney U‐test, and Chi2-test with a set significance level of p-value <0.05. Results High expectations were reported on the Servicescape (physical meal setting), and the Service meeting, by both the FSP, and the parents. The school canteen atmosphere, and a welcoming attitude was rated as extremely important, by both the FSP, and the parents. Expectations on school food service quality were high among parents with high education. Comments from the respondents were primary related to normative values about food quality, and culinary aspects.  Conclusion The expectations were related to hospitality and service, in the Servicescape, with an “inviting school canteen”, “to feel welcome”, and “to answer children’s questions” in the school canteen, for the majority of the FSP and the parents. The findings of this study suggest future research in how cooperation with parents could be implemented through parental representations in school food councils, and digital platforms. / Bakgrund Skolmåltider har visat sig främja hälsosamma kostvanor, och social jämlikhet hos barn, om de utformas i samverkan med föräldrar. Positiva effekter kan ses vid en tvåvägskommunikation mellan personal och föräldrar.  Syfte Syftet med studien var att jämföra vilka aspekter av skolmåltiden som föräldrar, och måltidspersonal anser som viktiga, och att se om det finns skillnader, eller likheter som kan påverka hur servicekvaliteten uppfattas (av föräldrarna). Metod Webbaserat frågeformulär ifyllt av 227 måltidspersonal, och 153 föräldrar till barn,6 – 16 år, inom måltidsservice. Deltagarnas förväntningar undersöktes med hjälp av ett Food Service Quality Index (FSQI). Grupper jämfördes med Mann-Whitney U-test, och Chi2-test med en signifikansnivå p <0.05. Resultat Höga förväntningar rapporterades gällande den fysiska måltidsmiljön (the Servicescape), och servicemötet (The Service meeting), både av måltidspersonalen och föräldrarna. Skolmatsalens atmosfär och en välkomnande attityd beskrevs som extremt viktigt, både för måltidspersonalen och föräldrarna. Förväntningarna på skolmåltidskvaliteten var hög bland föräldrar med hög utbildning. Kommentarerna från respondenterna var primärt relaterade till normativa värden om livsmedelskvalitet, och kulinariska aspekter. Slutsats Förväntningarna var relaterade till gästfrihet och service, i servicelandskapet (Servicescape), med "en inbjudande skolmatsal", "att känna sig välkommen" och "att svara på barns frågor" i skolmatsalen, för majoriteten av FSP och föräldrarna. Resultaten av denna studie kan ligga till grund för ytterligare forskning kring hur samarbete med föräldrar kan implementeras genom föräldrarepresentanter i skolmatråd och digitala plattformar.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), mais conhecido como Merenda Escolar, é um dos programas mais antigos e duradouros, implementado no Brasil e tem por objetivo atender as necessidades nutricionais dos alunos da educação básica durante sua permanência na escola com o intuito de garantir desenvolvimento e aprendizagem adequados bem como promover a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o perfil dos beneficiários, a qualidade e a atuação de gestores e da comunidade no âmbito do PNAE no Município de Guariba - SP, no ano de 2013. Para a avaliação nutricional dos alunos foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos (escore Z do Índice de Massa Corporal). Para os pais ou responsáveis foi utilizado um instrumento socioeconômico para captar informações sobre renda, (In)Segurança Alimentar entre outros indicadores referentes aos alunos. Para as merendeiras foi utilizado um questionário para averiguar, além de outros aspectos, a regularidade de distribuição de alimentação nas escolas. Com o Conselho de Alimentação Escolar verificou-se a atuação quanto ao cumprimento da legislação que norteia o Programa. Merece destaque a prevalência de excesso de peso dos alunos (46,35%) principalmente no que tange a proporção de obesos (24%). As condições socioeconômicas das famílias dos alunos também devem ser salientadas, uma vez que 90,88% das famílias possuem rendimento per capita que não alcançava R$ 600,00. As análises envolvendo o tema Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional mostraram que a proporção de famílias em situação de insegurança é superior às médias nacionais e, especificamente, para a região Sudeste do país. Considera-se expressiva a adesão dos alunos ao PNAE bem como o reconhecimento da importância que estes atribuem ao Programa; porém a proporção de adesão efetiva (consumo nos cinco dias da semana) mostrou-se baixa. Quanto às análises de atividade física, constatou-se uma tendência do sexo feminino ao sedentarismo e o tempo dedicado a atividades sedentárias foi maior àqueles destinados para a prática de atividade física. A oferta da merenda escolar ocorre de modo regular nas escolas integrantes da pesquisa. No tocante ao Conselho de Alimentação Escolar, os membros mostraram pouco conhecimento sobre a legislação vigente que regulamenta o PNAE e o cumprimento da exigência relativa à aquisição de gêneros alimentícios diretamente da Agricultura Familiar e do Empreendedor Familiar Rural. / The Brazilian National School Meals Program, also known as School Lunch, is one of the most ancient and enduring programs implemented in Brazil and aims to meet the nutritional needs of basic education students during their stay in the school in order to ensure appropriate development and learning as well as promoting the formation of wholesome eating habits. The principal focus of this essay was seeing the beneficiarys profile, the quality and the performance of managers and the community within The School Meals Program in Guariba\'s city, in 2013. For nutritional assessment of the students there were analyzed anthropometric indicators (Body Mass Index and Z score). For parents or guardians a socioeconomic instrument was used to capture information on income, food security (Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity and Hunger) among other indicators of students. For cooks a questionnaire was used to ascertain, among other aspects, the regularity of power distribution in schools. Moreover, was analyzed the performance and enforcement of legislation that it guides the Program. Noteworthy is the prevalence of overweight students (46.35%) mainly as regards the proportion of obese (24%). The socioeconomic status of student\'s families should also be emphasized, since 90.88% households income per capita does not reach R$ 600,00. Analyses involving the theme Food Security and Nutrition showed that the proportion of households insecure is higher than the national averages and the Southeast. Can be considered significant adherence of students to school meals as well as recognition of the importance of the program by the students, but the proportion of effective adhesion (consumption in the five days of the week) was low. As for the analysis of physical activity, there was a tendency of girls to a sedentary lifestyle and the time devoted to sedentary activities was higher for those with physical activity practice. It was observed that the provision of school meals happens so regularly in schools participating in the study. Regarding the School Food Council, the members showed little knowledge of the current legislation under the Brazilian National School Meals Program and the fulfillment of purchase of food directly from the Family Farm and Rural Family Entrepreneur.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) passou, na última década, por reformulações que ampliaram sua abrangência e trouxeram inovações, principalmente no que tange às compras para a alimentação escolar. Na atualidade, além de buscar atender aos preceitos de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, o programa visa fomentar o desenvolvimento local, através de articulações com a agricultura familiar. É nesse contexto que a presente pesquisa está inserida, debruçando-se sobre as inter-relações do PNAE com a cultura alimentar local, a produção de alimentos pela agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local. Para tal, a comida – entendida como alimento transformado pela cultura – foi o fio condutor do estudo, realizado junto à Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Martinho Lutero e localidades de seu entorno, pertencentes ao 2º Distrito de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os/as interlocutores/as foram agrupados/as a partir de três distintos caminhos de geração de dados: junto a alunos/as da escola, foram aplicadas uma série de dinâmicas, como desenhos, colagens e produção textual; entre agricultoras e agricultores, em suas propriedades rurais, foi utilizada a etnografia, com observação participante, entrevistas abertas semiestruturadas e registro fotográfico; junto à nutricionista do programa, às merendeiras e cooperativas que fornecem ao programa, foram empregadas entrevistas e análise documental. O estudo discute como se dá a inter-relação entre o programa de alimentação escolar, os hábitos alimentares locais e as compras diretas da agricultura familiar, tomando em conta o lugar da nutricionista nessa articulação e procurando analisar em que medida a valorização da cultura alimentar local é capaz de promover desenvolvimento rural local. Para tanto e como resultados da pesquisa, são apresentados os hábitos alimentares locais e a produção de alimentos, bem como as transformações pelas quais vêm passando os modos de comer e os modos de viver destes camponeses. / In the last decade, the School Food National Program (ProgramaNacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE) underwentreformulations that broadened its coverage and brought a lot of innovation, mostly regarding the purchasing of the school food.Currently, besides meeting the Nutrition and Food Safetyprecept, the program seeksto foster the local developmentin association with familiar agriculture.This research is carried out in this context, by focusing on the interrelationship between the PNAE with local food cultivation by familiar agriculture and local progress.For such purpose, food - understood as comestibles transformed by culture - was the guidance of this research. The setting was the Municipal Elementary School Martin Luther and its surroundings, located in the 2nd District of São Lourenço do Sul - RS. For this research, the study population was divided in three groups for distinct data generation: for school age children, a series of dynamics, such as drawings, collage and textual production were applied; at the farms, among male and female farmers, the ethnographic records were used, along with their observation, semi structured open interview and pictures; the third group was composed of the program nutritionist, the cooks, and the cooperatives that supply provisions for the program, for which interviews and documental analyses were used. The study discusseshow the relationship between school food program, local meal habits and the direct purchasing food from the local farmers works, taking into account the nutritionist’s rolein this process and aiming to analyze how valuing the local meal culture is capable of elevating the local farms progress.To this end and as research results, the local dietary habits and the local farmers production are presented, as well as the transformations in those peasants’ life style and in their eating habits.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) passou, na última década, por reformulações que ampliaram sua abrangência e trouxeram inovações, principalmente no que tange às compras para a alimentação escolar. Na atualidade, além de buscar atender aos preceitos de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, o programa visa fomentar o desenvolvimento local, através de articulações com a agricultura familiar. É nesse contexto que a presente pesquisa está inserida, debruçando-se sobre as inter-relações do PNAE com a cultura alimentar local, a produção de alimentos pela agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local. Para tal, a comida – entendida como alimento transformado pela cultura – foi o fio condutor do estudo, realizado junto à Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Martinho Lutero e localidades de seu entorno, pertencentes ao 2º Distrito de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os/as interlocutores/as foram agrupados/as a partir de três distintos caminhos de geração de dados: junto a alunos/as da escola, foram aplicadas uma série de dinâmicas, como desenhos, colagens e produção textual; entre agricultoras e agricultores, em suas propriedades rurais, foi utilizada a etnografia, com observação participante, entrevistas abertas semiestruturadas e registro fotográfico; junto à nutricionista do programa, às merendeiras e cooperativas que fornecem ao programa, foram empregadas entrevistas e análise documental. O estudo discute como se dá a inter-relação entre o programa de alimentação escolar, os hábitos alimentares locais e as compras diretas da agricultura familiar, tomando em conta o lugar da nutricionista nessa articulação e procurando analisar em que medida a valorização da cultura alimentar local é capaz de promover desenvolvimento rural local. Para tanto e como resultados da pesquisa, são apresentados os hábitos alimentares locais e a produção de alimentos, bem como as transformações pelas quais vêm passando os modos de comer e os modos de viver destes camponeses. / In the last decade, the School Food National Program (ProgramaNacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE) underwentreformulations that broadened its coverage and brought a lot of innovation, mostly regarding the purchasing of the school food.Currently, besides meeting the Nutrition and Food Safetyprecept, the program seeksto foster the local developmentin association with familiar agriculture.This research is carried out in this context, by focusing on the interrelationship between the PNAE with local food cultivation by familiar agriculture and local progress.For such purpose, food - understood as comestibles transformed by culture - was the guidance of this research. The setting was the Municipal Elementary School Martin Luther and its surroundings, located in the 2nd District of São Lourenço do Sul - RS. For this research, the study population was divided in three groups for distinct data generation: for school age children, a series of dynamics, such as drawings, collage and textual production were applied; at the farms, among male and female farmers, the ethnographic records were used, along with their observation, semi structured open interview and pictures; the third group was composed of the program nutritionist, the cooks, and the cooperatives that supply provisions for the program, for which interviews and documental analyses were used. The study discusseshow the relationship between school food program, local meal habits and the direct purchasing food from the local farmers works, taking into account the nutritionist’s rolein this process and aiming to analyze how valuing the local meal culture is capable of elevating the local farms progress.To this end and as research results, the local dietary habits and the local farmers production are presented, as well as the transformations in those peasants’ life style and in their eating habits.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) passou, na última década, por reformulações que ampliaram sua abrangência e trouxeram inovações, principalmente no que tange às compras para a alimentação escolar. Na atualidade, além de buscar atender aos preceitos de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, o programa visa fomentar o desenvolvimento local, através de articulações com a agricultura familiar. É nesse contexto que a presente pesquisa está inserida, debruçando-se sobre as inter-relações do PNAE com a cultura alimentar local, a produção de alimentos pela agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local. Para tal, a comida – entendida como alimento transformado pela cultura – foi o fio condutor do estudo, realizado junto à Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Martinho Lutero e localidades de seu entorno, pertencentes ao 2º Distrito de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os/as interlocutores/as foram agrupados/as a partir de três distintos caminhos de geração de dados: junto a alunos/as da escola, foram aplicadas uma série de dinâmicas, como desenhos, colagens e produção textual; entre agricultoras e agricultores, em suas propriedades rurais, foi utilizada a etnografia, com observação participante, entrevistas abertas semiestruturadas e registro fotográfico; junto à nutricionista do programa, às merendeiras e cooperativas que fornecem ao programa, foram empregadas entrevistas e análise documental. O estudo discute como se dá a inter-relação entre o programa de alimentação escolar, os hábitos alimentares locais e as compras diretas da agricultura familiar, tomando em conta o lugar da nutricionista nessa articulação e procurando analisar em que medida a valorização da cultura alimentar local é capaz de promover desenvolvimento rural local. Para tanto e como resultados da pesquisa, são apresentados os hábitos alimentares locais e a produção de alimentos, bem como as transformações pelas quais vêm passando os modos de comer e os modos de viver destes camponeses. / In the last decade, the School Food National Program (ProgramaNacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE) underwentreformulations that broadened its coverage and brought a lot of innovation, mostly regarding the purchasing of the school food.Currently, besides meeting the Nutrition and Food Safetyprecept, the program seeksto foster the local developmentin association with familiar agriculture.This research is carried out in this context, by focusing on the interrelationship between the PNAE with local food cultivation by familiar agriculture and local progress.For such purpose, food - understood as comestibles transformed by culture - was the guidance of this research. The setting was the Municipal Elementary School Martin Luther and its surroundings, located in the 2nd District of São Lourenço do Sul - RS. For this research, the study population was divided in three groups for distinct data generation: for school age children, a series of dynamics, such as drawings, collage and textual production were applied; at the farms, among male and female farmers, the ethnographic records were used, along with their observation, semi structured open interview and pictures; the third group was composed of the program nutritionist, the cooks, and the cooperatives that supply provisions for the program, for which interviews and documental analyses were used. The study discusseshow the relationship between school food program, local meal habits and the direct purchasing food from the local farmers works, taking into account the nutritionist’s rolein this process and aiming to analyze how valuing the local meal culture is capable of elevating the local farms progress.To this end and as research results, the local dietary habits and the local farmers production are presented, as well as the transformations in those peasants’ life style and in their eating habits.

Problématique: L’obésité infantile est en augmentation partout en occident. La qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation des jeunes Canadiens et Québécois est à améliorer. D’après les modèles écologiques, l’environnement alimentaire scolaire figure parmi les déterminants environnementaux de l’alimentation, celui-ci considéré comme étant un milieu prometteur pour des interventions visant à augmenter la consommation de fruits et légumes. La politique- cadre pour une saine alimentation et un mode de vie physiquement active, créée en 2008, est intégrée en 2011 aux services alimentaires scolaires de la Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM). Cependant, ses effets ont été peu mesurés. Objectif: L’objectif général est d’analyser les attentes et les motivations alimentaires des élèves du primaire et du secondaire à l’égard des services alimentaires de la CSDM. Méthodologie: En 2014, un sondage électronique rempli par des élèves du primaire et du secondaire de la CSDM intégrait une question ouverte portant sur les aliments attendus au secondaire. S’adressant uniquement aux élèves du secondaire, une question abordait leur(s) motivation(s) à utiliser leur service alimentaire. Suivant une approche inductive, deux grilles de codification furent développées pour l’analyse des données. Résultats : Au total, 1253 jeunes du primaire issus de 65 écoles et 2613 jeunes du secondaire issus de 27 écoles ont complété la question sur leurs attentes. Si une majorité des jeunes a nommé des aliments spécifiques, plusieurs ont aussi précisé leurs réponses avec des éléments suggérant des motivations alimentaires sous-jacentes tels les marques commerciales, la santé, la fraicheur, la variété, le goût, la composition des aliments et le prix. Au total, 2518 jeunes du secondaire ont répondu à la question sur leur motivation à l’utilisation des services. L’offre de certains aliments les motiverait (53%) mais aussi des conditions liées à l’environnement physique (15%) ou social (12%). Discussion : Les jeunes du primaire se démarquent par leurs attentes pour des aliments compatibles avec la politique alimentaire scolaire. Par ailleurs, les jeunes du secondaire recherchent davantage des aliments riches en gras, sucre et sel. Les jeunes du primaire et du secondaire indiquent rechercher des fruits et légumes dans les services alimentaires. Les données probantes sur l’impact d’interventions scolaires misant sur la disponibilité des fruits et légumes rapportent des effets favorables sur les apports alimentaires, ainsi ce type d’intervention aurait de bonnes chances d’avoir un impact positif au Québec. Les dimensions liées à la variété de l’offre alimentaire et aux environnements de services méritent aussi plus d’attention. Conclusion: Les résultats obtenus permettent de mieux identifier les attentes et les motivations alimentaires des jeunes du primaire et du secondaire. Cela pourra permettre à la CSDM d’orienter ses prochaines actions dans la gestion de l’offre dans leurs services alimentaires. / Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing throughout the Western world. The diets of young Canadians and Quebeckers are lacking in nutritional quality. According to the ecological concept of Story et al. (2002), school food services are an environmental factor affecting food intake. The school lunchroom is a promising place to work on increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. In 2011, the Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM), a school board in Montreal, integrated into its school meal services a policy framework created in 2008 for a healthy diet and a physically active lifestyle, the effects of which have yet to be measured. Objective: To analyze the expectations and motivations of elementary and high school students regarding the food offering from CSDM’s school meal services. Method: In 2014, CSDM elementary and high school students completed an online survey with an open-ended question on their expectations of the food offering in high schools. In another question, high school students only were asked to share their motivation(s) for using their school’s meal service. The researchers developed two coding grids. Frequencies were obtained with SPSS statistical software (version 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: 1,253 elementary school students from 65 schools and 2,613 high school students from 27 schools answered questions on their expectations of meal services. While most answers were about specific foods, some contained underlying food motivations, such as trademarks, health, freshness, variety, taste, ingredients and price. In total, 2,518 high school students answered the question about their motivation for using their school’s meal service. The food offering was a motivation for some (53%), but students also cited the conditions related to physical (15%) or social environment (12%). Discussion: Elementary school students are different in that their expectations of the food offering are compatible with the current school food policy. High school students are more drawn to foods that are high in fat, sugar and salt. Both elementary school and high school students expect fruits and vegetables in high school meal services. Literature shows that interventions focusing on fruit and vegetable availability have been successful. An intervention targeting fruit and vegetable availability could have a positive effect on children and youth’s fruit and vegetable intake. Further analysis of dimensions related to variety and meal service environments is also warranted. Conclusion: The results make it possible to more clearly identify the expectations and motivations of elementary and high school students. The CSDM can use this information to guide its future actions in managing the food offering in schools.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hotel, Restaurant, Institution Management and Dietetics / Carol W. Shanklin / Protection motivation theory (PMT) was used in this study to investigate food service directors' food bioterrorism risk perception and their intentions to implement a food defense management plan in their operations. A cross sectional study using the self administered survey was conducted to test hypotheses. All measurement items for the construct of interests were assessed using a 7-point Likert type scales. Questionnaires were mailed in March 2007 to a national sample of 2,200 randomly selected on-site food service directors employed in school districts and healthcare operations. A total 449 usable completed questionnaires were received. Descriptive statistics were performed to investigate directors' perceptions, motivations and intentions independently. Before testing the actual hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess reliability and construct validity of the measurement model. Food service directors perceived that the result of a food terrorist attack would be severe but the chances it would occur in their operations is limited. They agreed that implementation of a food defense management plan would be effective to address food terrorism issue in their operations. They were highly motivated to protect the operation from an attack and to avoid the risk of terrorism and intended to implement a food defense plan in their operation. Based on the hypotheses testing, results revealed that motivation to protect the operation against food bioterrorism is higher when directors perceived a higher level of risk (severity and vulnerability), rated the effectiveness of a food defense management plan in protecting the operation high, and perceived that their operations were able to implement it. In turn, high level of motivation to protect the operation led to higher level of implementation intention. Results of the study can be used to design communication resources developed to enhance food service directors' intention to implement a food defense management plan. Educational and informational resources related to intentional food contamination and its defense should emphasize response efficacy and possibility perception.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), mais conhecido como Merenda Escolar, é um dos programas mais antigos e duradouros, implementado no Brasil e tem por objetivo atender as necessidades nutricionais dos alunos da educação básica durante sua permanência na escola com o intuito de garantir desenvolvimento e aprendizagem adequados bem como promover a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o perfil dos beneficiários, a qualidade e a atuação de gestores e da comunidade no âmbito do PNAE no Município de Guariba - SP, no ano de 2013. Para a avaliação nutricional dos alunos foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos (escore Z do Índice de Massa Corporal). Para os pais ou responsáveis foi utilizado um instrumento socioeconômico para captar informações sobre renda, (In)Segurança Alimentar entre outros indicadores referentes aos alunos. Para as merendeiras foi utilizado um questionário para averiguar, além de outros aspectos, a regularidade de distribuição de alimentação nas escolas. Com o Conselho de Alimentação Escolar verificou-se a atuação quanto ao cumprimento da legislação que norteia o Programa. Merece destaque a prevalência de excesso de peso dos alunos (46,35%) principalmente no que tange a proporção de obesos (24%). As condições socioeconômicas das famílias dos alunos também devem ser salientadas, uma vez que 90,88% das famílias possuem rendimento per capita que não alcançava R$ 600,00. As análises envolvendo o tema Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional mostraram que a proporção de famílias em situação de insegurança é superior às médias nacionais e, especificamente, para a região Sudeste do país. Considera-se expressiva a adesão dos alunos ao PNAE bem como o reconhecimento da importância que estes atribuem ao Programa; porém a proporção de adesão efetiva (consumo nos cinco dias da semana) mostrou-se baixa. Quanto às análises de atividade física, constatou-se uma tendência do sexo feminino ao sedentarismo e o tempo dedicado a atividades sedentárias foi maior àqueles destinados para a prática de atividade física. A oferta da merenda escolar ocorre de modo regular nas escolas integrantes da pesquisa. No tocante ao Conselho de Alimentação Escolar, os membros mostraram pouco conhecimento sobre a legislação vigente que regulamenta o PNAE e o cumprimento da exigência relativa à aquisição de gêneros alimentícios diretamente da Agricultura Familiar e do Empreendedor Familiar Rural. / The Brazilian National School Meals Program, also known as School Lunch, is one of the most ancient and enduring programs implemented in Brazil and aims to meet the nutritional needs of basic education students during their stay in the school in order to ensure appropriate development and learning as well as promoting the formation of wholesome eating habits. The principal focus of this essay was seeing the beneficiarys profile, the quality and the performance of managers and the community within The School Meals Program in Guariba\'s city, in 2013. For nutritional assessment of the students there were analyzed anthropometric indicators (Body Mass Index and Z score). For parents or guardians a socioeconomic instrument was used to capture information on income, food security (Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity and Hunger) among other indicators of students. For cooks a questionnaire was used to ascertain, among other aspects, the regularity of power distribution in schools. Moreover, was analyzed the performance and enforcement of legislation that it guides the Program. Noteworthy is the prevalence of overweight students (46.35%) mainly as regards the proportion of obese (24%). The socioeconomic status of student\'s families should also be emphasized, since 90.88% households income per capita does not reach R$ 600,00. Analyses involving the theme Food Security and Nutrition showed that the proportion of households insecure is higher than the national averages and the Southeast. Can be considered significant adherence of students to school meals as well as recognition of the importance of the program by the students, but the proportion of effective adhesion (consumption in the five days of the week) was low. As for the analysis of physical activity, there was a tendency of girls to a sedentary lifestyle and the time devoted to sedentary activities was higher for those with physical activity practice. It was observed that the provision of school meals happens so regularly in schools participating in the study. Regarding the School Food Council, the members showed little knowledge of the current legislation under the Brazilian National School Meals Program and the fulfillment of purchase of food directly from the Family Farm and Rural Family Entrepreneur.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Dietetics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Background: Most school food environments in low socioeconomic countries offer cheaper unhealthy snacks of low nutritional value. Generally, these defeat the aims and goals of the National School Nutrition Programmes that offers nutritionally balanced meals to enhance concentration and learning. These unhealthy snacks that are available in school food environments have the ability to promote food choices that may lead to early onset of obesity and diseases of the lifestyle. The creation of healthy school food environments should be observed as a fundamental priority and a responsibility to all stakeholders with the necessary powers. Objectives: The study explored the perspective of school vendors, learners and school governing bodies on snack sale in selected primary schools of Dimamo circuit, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory descriptive study was conducted on the perspectives of vendors, learners and school governing bodies on the sale of snacks in selected primary schools of Dimamo circuit, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data were collected with 69 participants using a semi-structured questionnaire in one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions at three public schools in the Dimamo circuit. Criteria for trustworthiness were adhered to throughout the study. Ethical principles were adhered to in order to ensure the ethical standards of the study. Findings: A negative perception regarding the sale of snacks was found by both the learners and school governing bodies. However, the vendors were reluctant to raise their views with regard to the snacks sold in schools despite them being aware of the diseases experienced, such as ringworms, rash and vomiting. Improved hygiene practices and sale of healthy snacks was suggested by learners while drawing of a school food policy was seen as a last resort to improve the school food environment. Conclusion: A negative perception towards unhealthy snacks exists among the learners and teachers as they have been disruption in teaching and learning; due to random absenteeism associated with ailments allegedly caused by consumption of unhealthy snacks. However, the vendors reported learners’ preference for the sale of unhealthy snacks viii over the healthy ones due to cost. Furthermore,the vendors reported that the provision of free fruits by the NSNP in school was a challenge. Lack of cooperation, accountability and responsibility amongst the School Governing Bodies (SGB) and vendors were a barrier to facilitating a healthy food environment.

This qualitative case study focuses on identifying factors that could either enable or constrain sustainable food waste management as a form of environmental education (EE) in the participating schools. The study was motivated by the observation that the National School Nutrition Program (NSNP) that was introduced by the Department of Basic Education to support learners from disadvantaged backgrounds with nutritious food was causing pollution in some schools due to inadequate discarding of food leftovers. The purpose of the study was to develop recommendations towards a sustainable means of managing this food waste in the schools. As an Agricultural Science educator, I wanted to explore the possibilities of enhancing environmental education in schools through sustainable food waste management. While research has been conducted about food waste management and how this is an environmental concern, little has been written about it as it relates to environmental education and sustainability in schools. Hence, this study sought to contribute knowledge to this gap. To achieve this aim, this study followed a descriptive case study design, framed by the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory. Three schools in Vhembe district, Limpopo, were conveniently selected, and the NSNP food coordinator of each selected school, one food handler, two learners, two educators and two SGB members from each sampled school were purposively sampled to get rich information from them about sustainable school food waste management. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and observations. The findings indicate the various ways in which food waste could be managed in these schools, such as recycling through composting, reusing by community farmers, and reducing the amount of possible food waste. The study also found environmental education to be a key element in which the schools could invest to sustainably and effectively manage food waste. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Environmental Education)