Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T21:50:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANO FRANCISCO DOS SANTOS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2016.pdf: 5760014 bytes, checksum: eefa035c56062441b71e303ab5162fda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-15T21:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANO FRANCISCO DOS SANTOS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2016.pdf: 5760014 bytes, checksum: eefa035c56062441b71e303ab5162fda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02 / Neste trabalho abordamos a aplicação da q-álgebra nos cenários de localização de gravidade e da correspondência AdS=QCD. A motivação para introduzir esta álgebra nestes cenários consiste na ausência de uma plena compreensão da origem física em torno da q-deformação, e tentamos obtê-la com a sua aplicação via um fator de desordem, ou seja, o parâmetro q. No presente caso queremos encontrar a forma do espectro modi cada por esse tipo de álgebra q-deformada para uma equação tipo Schrodinger advinda do estudo de flutuações em torno da métrica, encontramos também as formas dos limites newtonianos para o caso Karch e Randall e para o modelo Randall e Sundrum original. Nestes dois últimos casos foi observado que essa correção para o potencial newtoniano equivale ao caso da correção da constante cosmológica do bulk de 5-dimensões em Randall e Sundrum e de Karch e Randall que é uma correção na constante cosmológica da brana. Para a AdS=QCD realizamos um estudo de uma equação tipo oscilador harmônico quântico. Nesta perspectiva introduzimos um warp factor gaussiano na equação tipo Schrodinger advinda do estudo de flutuações resultando em um espectro modi cado para o oscilador e ainda neste cenário realizamos o estudo da dualidade holográ ca para observar como a q-deformação módi ca o confi namento entre quarks. / In this paper we discuss the aplication of the q-algebra in localized gravity scenarios and correspondence AdS=QCD. For the introduction of this algebra in these scenarios is the lack of a full understanding about the physical origin around the q-deformation, and we try gets it with your application by way of a warp factor, i.e, the parameter q. In this case we nd the shape of the spectrum modi ed by this kind of q-deformed algebra for a Schr odinger-like equation which came from the uctuations around the metric. We also nd forms of Newtonian limits to Karch and Randall case and in the original Randall and Sundrum model. In these two cases it was observed that this correction to the Newtonian potential is equivalent to a of correction for the cosmological constant of the bulk in the ve-dimensional Randall and Sundrum model. And for the Karch and Randall case the Newtonian potential is a correction for the cosmological constant of the brane, morover the AdS=QCD case involvid a study of a quantum harmonic oscillator-like equation. With this in mind we have introduced a gaussian warp factor in the Schr odinger-like equation, which came from the study of uctuations such an approch resulting in a modi ed spectrum for the oscillator, furthermore we conducted a study of holographic duality in this scenario, in order to observe how the q-deformation modi es the con nement between quarks.

abstract: Chapter 1 introduces some key elements of important topics such as; quantum mechanics, representation theory of the Lorentz and Poincare groups, and a review of some basic rela- ´ tivistic wave equations that will play an important role in the work to follow. In Chapter 2, a complex covariant form of the classical Maxwell’s equations in a moving medium or at rest is introduced. In addition, a compact, Lorentz invariant, form of the energy-momentum tensor is derived. In chapter 3, the concept of photon helicity is critically analyzed and its connection with the Pauli-Lubanski vector from the viewpoint of the complex electromag- ´ netic field, E+ iH. To this end, a complex covariant form of Maxwell’s equations is used. Chapter 4 analyzes basic relativistic wave equations for the classical fields, such as Dirac’s equation, Weyl’s two-component equation for massless neutrinos and the Proca, Maxwell and Fierz-Pauli equations, from the viewpoint of the Pauli-Lubanski vector and the Casimir ´ operators of the Poincare group. A connection between the spin of a particle/field and ´ consistency of the corresponding overdetermined system is emphasized in the massless case. Chapter 5 focuses on the so-called generalized quantum harmonic oscillator, which is a Schrodinger equation with a time-varying quadratic Hamiltonian operator. The time ¨ evolution of exact wave functions of the generalized harmonic oscillators is determined in terms of the solutions of certain Ermakov and Riccati-type systems. In addition, it is shown that the classical Arnold transform is naturally connected with Ehrenfest’s theorem for generalized harmonic oscillators. In Chapter 6, as an example of the usefulness of the methods introduced in Chapter 5 a model for the quantization of an electromagnetic field in a variable media is analyzed. The concept of quantization of an electromagnetic field in factorizable media is discussed via the Caldirola-Kanai Hamiltonian. A single mode of radiation for this model is used to find time-dependent photon amplitudes in relation to Fock states. A multi-parameter family of the squeezed states, photon statistics, and the uncertainty relation, are explicitly given in terms of the Ermakov-type system. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics 2016

Orientador: Hugo Luis Fragnito / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T07:01:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rieznik_AndresAnibal_D.pdf: 2453403 bytes, checksum: 66544ed487a1cb0efeea1180adac25c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Apresentamos métodos para a otimização das simulações da propagação não linear da luz em fibras ópticas a través do Método de Split-Step Fourier (SSFM). Os dois efeitos considerados na modelagem da propagação são a dispersão e o efeito Kerr instantâneo. Estudamos tanto as equações acopladas considerando os dois modos principais de polarização quanto as equações escalares, estas últimas aplicáveis em situações em que o campo pode ser considerado um escalar, como em fibras isotrópicas com todos os campos linearmente polarizados e paralelos. Mostramos que o método que propomos para resolver as equações escalares é ordens de grandeza mais rápido do que outros métodos apresentados recentemente na literatura científica na modelagem de sistemas de transmissão de dados. No caso das equações acopladas, mostramos que o método proposto fornece resultados acurados na modelagem de amplificadores paramétricos e o utilizamos para validar um modelo analítico de seis ondas que nós mesmos desenvolvemos. Também utilizamos o método proposto para as equações acopladas para estudar o impacto das variações aleatórias da birrefringência sobre o ganho de amplificadores paramétricos, mostrando a importância da modelagem realista destas flutuações. Todos os códigos desenvolvidos são disponibilizados e distribuídos sob uma licença do tipo de software livre através de um portal criado na internet especialmente para esse fim. / Abstract: We introduce optimized models and algorithms for the simulation of non linear propagation in optical fibers using the split-step Fourier Method (SSFM). Dispersion and the Kerr effect are the two main effects considered in the simulations. We study the coupled equations, considering both polarization modes, as well as the scalar equation, which can be applied when the scalar approximation holds, as in isotropic fibers with all fields linearly polarized and parallels. We show that the method that we propose to solve the scalar equation is orders of magnitude faster than other methods recently introduced in the scientific literature for modeling transmission systems. In the coupled-equations case, we show that the proposed method gives accurate results for the modeling of parametric amplifiers, and use it to validate an analytical six-wave model that we developed. We also use the method for the coupled-equations to study the effects of randomly varying birefringence on parametric amplifiers gain, showing the importance of the accurate modeling of these fluctuations. All the codes developed in this thesis are available for download and distributed under a creative commons license in an internet site created specifically for this purpose. / Doutorado / Ótica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Jaime Angulo Pava / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_AdemirPastor_D.pdf: 1039193 bytes, checksum: b5af71af1666ffb5c2e05c4612b6973c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Nesta tese, estudamos o seguinte sistema não-linear de equações do tipo Schrodinger ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo na tese digital / Abstract: In this thesis we study the following nonlinear Schrodinger type system ... Note: The complete abstract in available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Doutorado / Doutor em Matemática

Orientador: Stefano de Leo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_KeniaCristinaPereira_M.pdf: 5917573 bytes, checksum: 689b0e6d7c10b6ea1e4524486138cc7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar a equação de Schrödinger para um potencial quaterniônico tipo barreira. A solução analítica encontrada permite comparar qualitativamente as diferenças entre a mecânica quântica complexa e a mecânica quântica quaterniônica. Antes de apresentar a solução analítica da barreira, para um melhor entendimento da motivação que leva ao estudo de uma mecânica quântica quaterniônica, será analisado em detalhes (ondas planas e pacotes de onda) o potencial tipo degrau / Abstract: The main objective of this research is to study the Schrödinger equation for a quaternionic potential barrier. The analytical solution found allow us to compare qualitatively the differences between the complex quantum mechanics and the quaternionic quantum mechanics. Before presenting the barrier analytical solution, to a better understanding of the motivation that leads us to the study of quaternionic quantum mechanics, the potencial step will be discussed in detail (plane waves and wave packets) / Mestrado / Fisica-Matematica / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada

Orientador: Francisco Odair Vieira de Paiva, Aloisio Freiria Neves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T02:49:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malavazi_MazilioCoronel_M.pdf: 786706 bytes, checksum: 9e4d9aae3bd0fdd46d7adf64ce8958ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação obtemos resultados de multiplicidade de soluções fracas não triviais para o problema -Du + V (x)u = f (x; u); x 2 RN; onde V é contínua, f é C1, com f (x; 0) = 0 e f é assintoticamente linear. Utilizamos métodos variacionais e a teoria de grupos críticos, para obtermos e distinguirmos as soluções. Apresentamos também resultados de existência de solução não trivial para o problema -Du + V (x)u = f (u); x 2 RN; onde V e f são funções contínuas. Utilizamos as técnicas de concentração de compacidade e de aproximação do domínio por subconjuntos limitados, para obtermos a solução / Abstract: In this dissertation we get resulted of multiplicity of not trivial weak solutions for the problem -Du + V (x)u = f (x; u); x 2 RN; where V is continuous, f is C1, with f (x; 0) = 0 and f is asymptotically linear. We use variationals methods and the theory of critical groups, to get and to distinguish the solutions. We also present results of existence of not trivial solution for the problem -Du + V (x)u = f (u); x 2 RN; where V and f are continuous functions. We use the techniques of concentration of compactness and approximation of the domain for bounded subsets, to get the solution / Mestrado / Mestre em Matemática

A two-dimensional integrodi erential equation resulting from the use of potential harmonics expansion in the many-body Schr odinger equation is used to study ground-state properties of selected few-body nuclear systems. The equation takes into account twobody correlations in the system and is applicable to few- and many-body systems. The formulation of the equation involves the use of the Jacobi coordinates to de ne relevant global coordinates as well as the elimination of center-of-mass dependence. The form of the equation does not depend on the size of the system. Therefore, only the interaction potential is required as input. Di erent nucleon-nucleon potentials and hyperon-nucleon potentials are employed to construct the Hamiltonian of the systems. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained using other methods. / Physics

What is in common between the Kepler problem, a Hydrogen atom and a rotating black- hole? These systems are described by different physical theories, but much information about them can be obtained by separating an appropriate Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The separation of variables of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is an old but still powerful tool for obtaining exact solutions. The goal of this thesis is to present the theory and application of a certain type of conformal Killing tensor (hereafter called concircular tensor) to the separation of variables problem. The application is to spaces of constant curvature, with special attention to spaces with Euclidean and Lorentzian signatures. The theory includes the general applicability of concircular tensors to the separation of variables problem and the application of warped products to studying Killing tensors in general and separable coordinates in particular. Our first main result shows how to use these tensors to construct a special class of separable coordinates (hereafter called Kalnins-Eisenhart-Miller (KEM) coordinates) on a given space. Conversely, the second result generalizes the Kalnins-Miller classification to show that any orthogonal separable coordinates in a space of constant curvature are KEM coordinates. A closely related recursive algorithm is defined which allows one to intrinsically (coordinate independently) search for KEM coordinates which separate a given (natural) Hamilton-Jacobi equation. This algorithm is exhaustive in spaces of constant curvature. Finally, sufficient details are worked out, so that one can apply these procedures in spaces of constant curvature using only (linear) algebraic operations. As an example, we apply the theory to study the separability of the Calogero-Moser system.

Submitted by Arianne Vellasco Gomes (ariannevellasco@gmail.com) on 2018-06-15T18:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arianne_Vellasco_Gomes_TESE_POSMAT_2018.pdf: 4211125 bytes, checksum: 16221f3149817fbc6e4db2f2026f2f14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-06-18T17:39:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_av_dr_bauru.pdf: 3510911 bytes, checksum: 2abe98b4f93107bb6dc267a184ebef70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T17:39:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_av_dr_bauru.pdf: 3510911 bytes, checksum: 2abe98b4f93107bb6dc267a184ebef70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Tópicos fundamentais da estrutura eletrônica de materiais cristalinos, são investigados de forma generalizada mediante o Cálculo Fracionário. São calculadas as bandas de energia, as funções de Bloch e as funções de Wannier, para a equação de Schrödinger fracionária com derivada de Riesz. É apresentado um estudo detalhado do caráter não local desse tipo de derivada fracionária. Resolve-se a equação de Schrödinger fracionária para o modelo de Kronig-Penney e estuda-se os efeitos da ordem da derivada e da intensidade do potencial. Verificou-se que, ao passar da derivada de segunda ordem para derivadas fracionárias, o comportamento assintótico das funções de Wannier muda apreciavelmente. Elas perdem o decaimento exponencial, e exibem um decaimento acentuado em forma de potência. Fórmulas simples foram dadas para as caudas das funções de Wannier. A banda de energia mais baixa mostrou-se estar relacionada ao estado ligado de um único poço quântico. Sua função de onda também apresentou decaimento em lei de potência. As bandas de energia superiores mudam de comportamento em função da intensidade do potencial. No caso inteiro, a largura de cada uma dessas bandas diminui. No caso fracionário, diminui inicialmente e depois volta a aumentar, aproximando-se de um valor infinito à medida que a intensidade do potencial tende ao infinito. O grau de localização das funções de Wannier, expresso pelo desvio padrão da posição, mostra um comportamento similar ao da largura das bandas de energia. Além dos cristais perfeitos a Ciência de Materiais estuda cristais com defeito. Os defeitos são responsáveis por muitas propriedades de interesse tecnológico e podem induzir estados localizados. Neste trabalho, calculado o estado localizado de menor energia no modelo de Kronig-Penney fracionário com defeito, mediante método das transformadas de Fourier e das funções de Wannier. Verificou-se que este estado também decai em forma de lei de potência. / Basics topics on the electronic structure of crystalline materials are investigated in a generalized fashion through Fractional Calculus. The energy bands, the Bloch and Wannier functions for the fractional Schr odinger equation with Riesz derivative are calculated. The non-locality of the Riesz fractional derivative is analyzed. The fractional Schr odinger equation is solved for the Kronig-Penney model and the e ects of the derivative order and the potential intensity are studied. It was shown that moving from the integer to the fractional order strongly a ects the asymptotic behavior of the Wannier functions. They lose the exponential decay, gaining a strong power-law decay. Simple formulas have been given for the tails of the Wannier functions. A close relatim between the lowest energy band and the bound state of a single quantum well was found. The wavefunction of the latter decays as a power law. Higher energy bands change their behavior as the periodic potential gets stronger. In the integer case, the width of each one of those bands decreases. In the fractional case, it initially decreases and then increases. The width approaching a nite value as the strength tends to in nity. The degree of localization of the Wannier functions, as expressed by the position standard deviation, behaves similarly to the width of the energy bands. In addition to perfect crystals, Materials Science studies defective crystals. Defects are responsible for many properties of technological interest and can induce localized states. In this work, the localized state of lowest energy in the fractional Kronig-Penney model with defect is calculated through of the Fourier transform method and the Wannier functions. It was shown that is decays as a power law.

L'interaction entre un rayonnement laser et un système atomique, peut conduire à différents processus physiques comme la photoionisation, l'ionisation multiphotonique, l'ionisation tunnel, génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés... L'importance de chacun de ces processus est en fait dépend de l'intensité et de la fréquence du champ laser considéré. Ce travail de thèse a porté sur la description de l'interaction d'un champ laser (Infrarouge et/ou Haute fréquence) avec un atome d'hydrogène (archétype d'un système à un électron actif). Nous avons tout d'abord développé les méthodes numériques pour la résolution de l'équation de Schrödinger dépendante du temps décrivant le système laser-atome d'hydrogène. Ces méthodes nous ont permis d'écrire un code numérique pour la simulation des solutions de cette équation. Nous les avons ensuite utilisées, après la vérification de la convergence de notre programme numérique pour présenter les résultats sur la photoionisation à un seul photon, sur l'ionisation multiphotonique et aussi sur un autre phénomène résultant du processus d'ionisation, il s'agit de l'absorption de photons au dessus du seuil d'ionisation, nommé processus ATI (Above Threshold Ionization). Ensuite, nous appliquerons ce code numérique à la photoionisation de l'atome d'hydrogène combinant deux photons, infrarouge (basse fréquence) et l'une de ses harmoniques (haute fréquence). Finalement, un calcul de la distribution angulaire des électrons émis a été effectué numériquement. / The interaction between laser radiation and atomic system, can lead to various physical processes such as photoionization, multiphoton ionization, tunneling ionization, High Order Harmonic Generation ... The importance of each of these processes is in fact dependent on the intensity and frequency of the laser field. In this thesis, we describe the interaction of a laser field (Infrared and / or high frequencie) with hydrogen (arche-type of a system with one active electron). We first developed numerical methods for solving the time-dependant Schrödinger equation of time describing the hydrogen atom laser system. These methods allowed us to write a numerical code for the simulation of solutions of this equation. We then used, after the verification of the numerical convergence of our program to present the results on the single-photon photoionization on multiphoton ionization. We also concentrate on another phenomenon resulting from the ionization process, it is absorption of photons above the ionization threshold, named process ATI (above threshold ionization). Then, we will apply this numerical code to the photoionization hydrogen combining two photons, infrared (low frequency) and one of its harmonics (high frequency). Finally, a calculation of the angular distribution of the emitted electron was carried out numerically.