<p>A large section of the industrial organization literature is devoted to the interpretation and empirical testing of the hypotheses advanced by Joseph Schumpeter concerning market structure and innovation. One set of hypotheses deals with the monopoly power of firms and its association with innovation, while the other set focuses on the relationship between firm size and innovation. Empirically these two sets of hypotheses may not be independent of each other, although extant empirical studies have concentrated on one in isolation of the other. In this dissertation we build a general framework where these two sets of hypotheses can be considered together in order that we can properly identify either effect -- that is, the effects of monopoly power and of firm size on innovation.</p> <p>A major objective of our study is to combine two recent developments in the literature. First, it has been empirically demonstrated that proxies for appropriability and technological opportunity, when included in the regression, significantly diminish the explanatory power of concentration (a measure of monopoly power) on innovation and lnnovation-related activities, such as Research and Development (R&D) expenditures. In this dissertation, we construct sever,d proxies for appropriability and technological opportunity, using new data on innovative activities of firms in Canada collected by the Economic Council of Canada.</p> <p>Second, it has been recently argued that, except in the short run, both market structure and innovative activities ought to be treated as endogeneous, as opposed to the existing practice of assuming that the market structure is given. Our theoretical framework allows both innovative activity and firm size (a measure of market structure) to be determined by appropriability, technological opportunity and various non-innovative factors such as demand conditions, foreign versus domestic ownership of firms, etc.</p> <p>It is commonly observed that firms sometimes choose not to hire any R&D personnel, namely, scientists and engineers, and instead entrust the responsibilities of R&D either with a consulting firm or even with its own operating personnel. These decisions result in observations with 'zero' values for R&D personnel in the sample. In this dissertation, we provide an economic underpinning for such decisions by firms and recognize this 'limited-dependent variable' problem in our estimation through use of the Tobit estimation method.</p> <p>Finally, as a by-product of our theoretical framework we examine some of the common empirical measures which have been used to test the Schumpeterian hypotheses. One of our major findings in this regard is that many of the existing empirical tests of the hypothesis that there is a positive externality from firm size to innovative activities of firms are misspecified in the sense that they are neither necessary nor sufficient for the existence of the above externality.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The adequacy of existing transport infrastructure to four distinct clusters in Austria's key regions is tested by examining the willingness of logistics managers to pay for additional service improvements. Findings show an overall willingness to pay for multiple service improvements; this reveals a general dissatisfaction with current shipping options, regardless of transport mode, where rail mode services ("Bahn") provoke the greatest dissatisfaction. Willingness to pay for improvements generally increases by degrees of regional EU remoteness and relative youth of cluster industries, as hypothesized from Schumpterian assumptions concerning infrastructure innovation. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the target to convert the Swedish military aviation industry towards working within the civilian sector was planned and implemented parallel to the target of building a world-class military aircraft. A number of Government bills have been studied, bills directly connected to the JAS-project as well as bills dealing with civilian project ́s for the military aviation industry. The first group includes bills dealing with the JAS-project ́s role in the overarcing defence policy, as well as the Government ́s bill specifying the guidelines for the JAS-project. The other group includes five bills regarding Government funding for civilian projects supporting the military aviation industry ́s transition from the military to the civilian market. The paper shows that the double targets of the JAS-project were separated early on into two simultaneous processes. While the target of developing and producing a new military aircraft was placed within the JAS-project, the target of converting the military aviation industry for the civilian market was directed toward a number of government-supported civilian projects. These civilian projects were based and dependent on cooperation deals between the Swedish aviation industry (Saab aviation and Volvo flygmotor) and two of their American counterparts (Fairchild Industries and General Electric Company). This paper points to the Government having an ambition for the civilian projects to create the base for a stable Swedish civilian aviation industry to which the personnel from the military side of the aviation industry could be transferred once their work on the JAS-project was done. Unfortunately, with the cancellation and changes of the deals with the American aviation industy during the 1980 ́s and the decison by Saab aviation to stop production of commercial aircrafts in 1999, the Government ́s vision of a civilian aviation industry could not be realised. As no Swedish civilian aviation industry had been established the personnel from the development side of the JAS-project would have nowhere to be transferred to (after their part in the project was done). While the Governments target with converting of the aviation industy to save the industries knowledge and expertise was fulfilled in the short term, the ambition to spread this knowledge and expertise to other parts of the Swedish industry and thus make the aviation industry a driving force for the development of Swedish technology industry were not realised.

Orientador: Enéas Gonçalves de Carvalho / Banca: Marcelo Silva Pinho / Banca: Ana Paula Macedo de Avellar / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar e analisar as principais evoluções simultâneas nos elementos - demanda, regime tecnológico, atores e instituições - que compõem o Sistema Setorial de Inovação do Setor Automotivo, através de uma metodologia baseada no trabalho de Malerba (2002). Desta forma, utiliza-se uma abordagem que trata a inovação como um processo sistêmico, contínuo e evolucionário. O trabalho conclui que, nos últimos dez anos, o Sistema Setorial de Inovação do setor automotivo passou - e ainda passa - por profundas transformações - fruto da co-evolução dos seus elementos - que alteram continuamente sua estrutura e o tornam mais dinâmico e complexo / Abstract: This research work aims to identify and analyze the main simultaneous evolutions in the elements - demand, technological regime, actors and institutions - that compose the Sectoral Innovation System of Automotive Sector, through a methodology based on Malerba's (2002) work. Thereby, we use an approach that treats innovation as a systemic, continuous and evolutionary process. The work concludes that, in the past ten years, the Sectoral Innovation System of automotive sector has undergone deep transformations - result of co-evolution of its elements - that continually change its structure and make it more dynamic and complex / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alice Julio Alves de Almeida.pdf: 841661 bytes, checksum: 6607ee37e96229f34b7ee3a1f2e38cbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / The dissertation analyzes the proposed National Industrial Policy, formulated at the beginning of sec. XXI: the Industrial Policy, Technological and External Trade (PITCE) - 2003- 2008 - and the Productive Development Policy (PDP) 2008-2010. The central objective is to verify if the industrial policies elaborated during this period were able to internalize the key variables to incentive innovation Theory of Neo-Schumpeterian, from the incorporation of the concept of innovation and its dynamics for the economy. To this end, the study is organized in order to: identify the fundamentals related to incentive of innovation present in Neo- Schumpeterian (Evolutionary) Theory and its implications for the formulation of function of industrial policy, list the most significant changes in relation to the grounding of brazilian industrial policy, and finally analyze the instruments, actions and mechanisms developed by PITCE and PDP, and the ability of each to internalize such fundamentals for the development and technological innovation / A Dissertação analisa as propostas de Política Industrial Nacional, formuladas no início do sec. XXI: a Política Industrial, Tecnológica e de Comércio Exterior (PITCE) vigorada entre 2003 e 2008 e, a Política de Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP) vigorada entre 2008 e 2010. O objetivo central é verificar se as políticas industriais elaboradas durante este período, foram capazes de internalizar as variáveis chaves de incentivo à inovação da Teoria Neo- Schumpeteriana, a partir da incorporação do conceito de inovação e sua dinâmica para a economia. Para tal, o estudo será organizado de forma a: identificar os principais fundamentos relacionados ao estímulo da inovação presentes na Teoria Neo-Schumpeteriana (Evolucionista) e suas implicações para formulação e função da Política Industrial, enumerar as alterações mais significativas em relação à fundamentação da PI brasileira, e, finalmente analisar os instrumentos, ações e mecanismos elaborados pela PITCE e PDP e a capacidade de cada uma em internalizar tais fundamentos para o desenvolvimento e inovação tecnológica

This paper examines the correlation between credit intermediated by financial systems and economic growth in developing countries. More specifically we have studied whether well-functioning financial markets result in economic growth. We base our study on data from 53 low- and lower-middle income countries in the period 2004-2011. By comparing the two different economic theories, Schumpeter’s growth theory and Austrian business cycle theory, we have analysed our results from two different perspectives. The results from this study show an insignificant relationship between financial systems and economic growth, contradicting much of the theory and results from previous studies that have been reviewed. Other variables outside of the financial system in this study, such as economic freedom and corruption, could be a reason for the non-existent correlation between financial development and economic growth in this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 faria_lgd_me_arafcl.pdf: 1018667 bytes, checksum: 6b395a6b747d3a624422d5af21bcb98d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar e analisar as principais evoluções simultâneas nos elementos – demanda, regime tecnológico, atores e instituições - que compõem o Sistema Setorial de Inovação do Setor Automotivo, através de uma metodologia baseada no trabalho de Malerba (2002). Desta forma, utiliza-se uma abordagem que trata a inovação como um processo sistêmico, contínuo e evolucionário. O trabalho conclui que, nos últimos dez anos, o Sistema Setorial de Inovação do setor automotivo passou – e ainda passa - por profundas transformações - fruto da co-evolução dos seus elementos - que alteram continuamente sua estrutura e o tornam mais dinâmico e complexo / This research work aims to identify and analyze the main simultaneous evolutions in the elements – demand, technological regime, actors and institutions – that compose the Sectoral Innovation System of Automotive Sector, through a methodology based on Malerba’s (2002) work. Thereby, we use an approach that treats innovation as a systemic, continuous and evolutionary process. The work concludes that, in the past ten years, the Sectoral Innovation System of automotive sector has undergone deep transformations - result of co-evolution of its elements - that continually change its structure and make it more dynamic and complex

There is now increasing evidence that for the U.S. economy, the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor, “sigma”, is rising over time. To account for this, we propose a microfounded model, where the evolution of “sigma”, and, hence, the shape of the aggregate production function occur endogenously. We develop a Schumpeterian growth model in which firms can undertake R&D activities that stochastically lead to the discovery of production technologies characterized by a higher elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Improved possibilities for factor substitution mitigate the diminishment of the marginal product of capital and spur capital accumulation. Due to successful innovations, the steady state of the economy entails higher levels of the capital stock and the output good. Moreover, our numerical simulations show that the timing of innovations is important: two economies with the same steady-state elasticity of substitution between capital and labor can differ in terms of their steady-state levels of the capital stock and the output good.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Henrique Lapolla Aguiar Andrade.pdf: 500014 bytes, checksum: bb8f1a156110545b471f00ccb3868c14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-17 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / The current academic research aims to explore the main aspects of the Schumpeterian economic model, so as to identify its equivalency with Brazilian Antitrust Law and its actual application by the antitrust authority, the Administrative Counsel of Economic Defense CADE, according to the terms of Federal Law 12,529, of May 29th, 2011. As such, theory and empiric aspects of Joseph Schumpeter s rational are examined, specific traits of the role of the national antitrust authority and the common aspects that arise from both. / A presente pesquisa acadêmica tem por objetivo explorar os principais aspectos do modelo econômico schumpeteriano, a fim de identificar sua aderência ao Direito da Concorrência brasileiro e a efetiva aplicação pela autoridade da concorrência, o Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica CADE, no âmbito da Lei Federal nº 12.529, de 29 de maio de 2011. Para tanto, são abordados aspectos teóricos e empíricos do racional de Joseph Schumpeter, traços específicos da atuação a autoridade da concorrência nacional e os aspectos comuns percebidos em ambos.

This thesis shows that consumers' behaviour has a decisive impact on the innovative behaviour of firms and on the development of industry. As a framework, an evolutionary simulation model is chosen, and market interactions are modelled according to a search theoretic approach.