Esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as políticas de ciência e tecnologia, na última década do século XX, no Brasil. Buscou-se, especificamente, verificar potencialidades e limites dessas políticas para a construção de condições de sustentabilidade e para melhorar a posição relativa do país no cenário internacional, caracterizado por economia mundializada, e baseada, nos países centrais, em conhecimento intensivo. Visando identificar impactos das formas de gestão e de fomento de ciência e tecnologia sobre o desenvolvimento e a consolidação da base científica e tecnológica brasileira, na década de 1990, investigou-se a relação entre Estado, sociedade e coletividades científicas, expressa em políticas públicas, pelas quais o Estado, com o apoio parcial da coletividade científica, institui a “excelência” como o centro da re-organização do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico brasileiro, tomando-a como condição essencial para a obtenção dos níveis de competitividade exigidos para a inserção do País na nova ordem econômica mundial. A investigação foi efetuada a partir da análise, por um lado, das macroestruturas sociais representadas pelo Estado (políticas públicas, agências do Estado) e o Mercado, estruturas essas que afetam e conectam as microssituações; e, por outro lado, sua relação com os microprocessos que envolvem a ação dos atores presentes no setor de ciência e tecnologia e seu papel na manutenção ou transformação das estruturas sociais. O conceito inclusivo de coletividades científicas, no qual as relações macro e microssociais são contempladas demonstrou-se profícuo para a investigação das políticas de ciência e tecnologia no Brasil, notadamente no que se refere à sua peculiaridade, expressa na inclusão dos cientistas como atores privilegiados na formulação e gestão das mesmas. O estudo conclui que as novas formas de gestão de ciência e tecnologia, no Brasil, que deixam de investir na ampliação horizontal da base de pesquisa e no apoio à emergência de grupos, com capacidade de encontrar soluções para problemas econômicos e sociais, nas diferentes regiões do país (que apresenta dimensões continentais), podem levar a um agravamento das dificuldades para o rompimento do círculo que mantém o país como periférico, com relação aos centros dinamizadores de conhecimento e, também, reduzir suas chances de um desenvolvimento sustentável, apesar do discurso e, mesmo, de políticas explícitas em ciência e tecnologia, direcionadas para esse tipo de desenvolvimento. / This paper aims at an analysis of the last decade of the twentieth century’s Brazilian policies on science and technology. Specifically, the author tried to verify potentials and limitations of these policies in the construction of conditions for sustainability and improvement of the country’s relative position in an international scene which is characterized by a global economy and, in the central countries, on intensive knowledge. Aiming at identifying the impact of management structures and promotion of science and technology on the development and the consolidation of the Brazilian technological and scientific foundations in the decade of 1990, the paper scrutinizes the relationship between State, society and scientific communities, as expressed in public policies, for which the State, with the partial support of the scientific collective, institutes "excellence" as the center of the reorganization of the Brazilian scientific and technological development, taking it as an essential condition for the attainment of the demanded levels of competitiveness for the insertion of the country in the new world-wide economic order. The investigation was carried out from the analysis, on one hand, of the social macrostructures represented by the State (public policies, State agencies) and the Market, with structures that affect and connect the micro-situations; and on the other hand, their relationship with the micro-processes that involve the action of the actors present in the science and technology sector and their role in maintaining or transforming social structures. The inclusive concept of scientific collectives, which contemplates macro and micro-social relationships, has asserted itself as a fertile terrain for the inquiry into science and technology policies in Brazil, specifically in relation to its peculiarity, which is expressed by the inclusion of the scientists as privileged actors in the creation and management of policies of science and technology. The study concludes that the new forms of management in science and technology in Brazil fail to invest in the horizontal expansion of the bases for research as well as failing to support emergent groups, which are capable of finding solutions for economic and social problems in the different regions of a country as large as Brazil. This failure can make it very difficult to disrupt the circle that keeps the country peripheral with relation to the driving centres of knowledge. Moreover, it reduces the possibilities of a sustainable development, in spite of the official discourse and even the implementation, by the State, of explicit policies in science and technology, intended for this type of development.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-04T13:30:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Stphanie Versão Final_01-04.pdf: 1941579 bytes, checksum: 0a475ddd1abe368305be1b2d031e98ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T13:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Stphanie Versão Final_01-04.pdf: 1941579 bytes, checksum: 0a475ddd1abe368305be1b2d031e98ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPEs / Estuda as práticas de preservação da memória nas Unidades de Pesquisa ligadas ao Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI). Tem como objetivo maior analisar as iniciativas de preservação do patrimônio cultural das informações científicas e tecnológicas propostas pela quinta ação do Relatório da Política Nacional de Memória da Ciência e da Tecnologia nas unidades de pesquisa do MCTI localizadas na região Nordeste. Estabelece, como hipótese, que as Unidades não possuem uma cultura de preservação da memória de C&T, não atribuindo a essas informações o caráter de patrimônio, portanto, impossibilitam efetivas ações estratégicas de preservação ao patrimônio de C&T propostas na política mencionada. Como objetivos específicos: apresentar a relação teórico-conceitual de Cultura com a Ciência, Tecnologia, Memória e Patrimônio; demonstrar que as produções de C&T são partes do Patrimônio Cultural Nacional e constituem a memória social do Brasil; identificar a natureza das informações Científicas e Tecnológicas produzidas nas unidades de pesquisa do MCTI localizadas na região Nordeste; identificar as ações de preservação do patrimônio cultural de C&T nas unidades de pesquisa da amostra; descrever as estratégias de resgate, preservação e difusão da memória da C&T no país que vem sendo utilizadas nos institutos de pesquisa da amostra. Fundamentada no conceito de cultura de forma semiótica (GEERTZ, 1978), apresenta a relação entre a significação atribuída às informações científicas e tecnológicas tomadas como patrimoniais, responsáveis pela preservação de sua memória e as ações desenvolvidas nas Unidades de Pesquisa da amostra. Utiliza-se para isso do método dos quatro polos – epistemológico, teórico, técnico e morfológico - para dar segmento à investigação por meio de uma estrutura sistêmica e completa. Dentro do polo técnico, por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental para fundamentação dos conceitos correlacionados ao tema, e investigação das Instituições presentes na amostra. Utilizou-se do instrumento do questionário para coletar informações nas Unidades, apoiadas no referencial teórico desta pesquisa. Como resultado, foi identificada a natureza das informações produzidas nas Unidades da amostra, seu espaço, acondicionamento, pessoal especializado e práticas de preservação. Além disso, foram mapeadas dentro das Unidades de Pesquisa ligadas ao MCTI as que possuem práticas de preservação significativas quanto às informações de C&T e suas possíveis relações com as práticas existentes nas Unidades de pesquisa da amostra. / Studies the practices of preservation in the memory of Research Unities related to the Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry (MCTI). Has as main objective to analyze the scientific and technological information cultural patrimony preservation initiatives proposed by the fifth action of the National Politics of Science and Technology Memory Report in the MCTI research facilities located in the Northeast Region. Establishes, as hypotheses, that the Unities do not possess a culture of preservation of the S&T memory, not giving these information the patrimony character, therefore, precludes effective strategic actions of preservation to the S&T proposed in the fore mentioned politics. As specific objectives: to present the theoretical-conceptual relation of Culture With Science, Technology, Memory and Patrimony; demonstrate that the S&T productions are part of the National Cultural Patrimony and constitute the social memory of Brazil; identify the nature of Scientific and Technological information produced in the MCTI research facilities located in the Northeast Region; identify the S&T cultural patrimony preservation actions in the sample´s research facilities; describe the strategies of recuperation, preservation, and diffusion of the S&T memory in the country that are being used in the sample´s research institutes. Grounded in the concept of culture of semiotic form (GEERTZ, 1978), presents the relation between the meaning attributed to the scientific and technological information taken as patrimonial, responsible by the preservation of its memory and actions developed in the Research Facilities of the sample. Uses for that the method of the four poles – epistemological, theoretical, technical, and morphological – to give segment to the investigation through a systemic and complete structure. Inside the technical pole, through an exploratory research, bibliographic research and documental analysis have been used as fundament of the concepts correlated to the theme, and investigation of the Institutions present in the sample. The quiz instrument has been used to collect information in the Facilities, supported in the theoretical referential of this research. As a result, the nature of the information produced in the Facilities of the sample has been identified, as well as its space, stowage, specialized staff, and preservation practices. Besides that, it has been mapped inside the Research Facilities connected to the STIM the ones that hold expressive preservation practices about the S&T information and its possible relations with the existing practices in the Research Facilities of the sample.

Orientador: Sérgio Luiz Monteiro Salles Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T16:52:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bin_Adriana_D.pdf: 1493222 bytes, checksum: d0625bda059d3fcaf1f193734c85426e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A discussão sobre o planejamento e a gestão de organizações públicas de pesquisa constitui o tema central da tese. Motivado pela percepção sobre a importância crescente dos múltiplos objetivos e funções que estas organizações vêm desempenhando no âmbito dos sistemas de pesquisa e de inovação dos quais elas fazem parte, assim como da emergência de padrões cada vez mais colaborativos de execução de atividades de produção do conhecimento, o trabalho visa identificar as especificidades e premissas que devem ser consideradas na execução de seus processos de planejamento e gestão, assim como alguns métodos e instrumentos mais adequados para tal. A Parte I da tese trata do tema de forma mais abrangente, analisando, do ponto de vista conceitual e metodológico, as especificidades e premissas para o planejamento e gestão de atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação. Tal análise baseia-se nas particularidades que estas atividades apresentam, assim como na compreensão da evolução histórica relacionada com sua organização e institucionalização. Resulta, por sua vez, na identificação do caráter indeterminado e multi-institucional destas atividades, assim como do perfil profissional diferenciado que as distingue. A Parte II, focada nas organizações públicas de pesquisa, identifica as especificidades da gestão pública e suas implicações, que em conjunto com as especificidades associadas às atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, são importantes para o planejamento e a gestão destas organizações. Os direcionamentos gerais que devem ser buscados pelas organizações de pesquisa na condução de processos abrangentes de planejamento e na constituição de seus modelos de gestão, assim como o potencial de utilização de um conjunto de métodos e instrumentos como suporte para tais direcionamentos são também discutidos nesta parte do trabalho. Uma conclusão fundamental que resulta de toda a discussão é a da interpretação dos esforços de planejamento e gestão a partir da mesma lógica que guia o entendimento sobre as atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, lógica esta baseada em uma perspectiva evolucionária e institucional. Por conseguinte, deriva-se a importância do aprendizado organizacional que abarca a atribuição de significado e valor a estas práticas, de forma a torná-las mais legítimas e resilientes ao longo do tempo / Abstract: The main theme of the thesis is the discussion about planning and managing public research organizations. Based on the increasing perception of the multiple objectives and roles that these organizations are performing in research and innovation systems and on the emergence of more collaborative patterns of knowledge production, this work aims to identify the specificities and premises that have to be considered on the execution of planning and managing processes and also adequate methods and tools to do so. Part I deals with this theme on a more comprehensive way, analyzing, from a conceptual and a methodological point of view, the specificities and premises to plan and manage science, technology and innovation activities. This analysis is based on the particularities of these activities and on the interpretation of the historical evolution of its organization and institutionalization. It results in the identification of the indeterminacy and multiinstitutionality of these activities and also of the professional profile that distinguish them. Parte II, focused on public research organizations, identifies the specificities of public management and their implications, which in addition to the specificities of science, technology and innovation activities, are important to plan and manage these organizations. General directions to guide their comprehensive planning processes and the constitution of their management models and the potential application of some methods and tools that support these directions are also discussed in the work. A fundamental conclusion that results from all the discussion is the interpretation of planning and managing efforts with the same evolutionary and institutional logic that guides the understanding of science, technology and innovation activities. In consequence, it can be derived the importance of organizational learning that encompasses the attribution of significance and value to these practices, turning them into more legitimated and resilient efforts over time / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

With the advent of the internet age, the way in which global society interacts with technology has changed dramatically. The instantaneous availability of information and connectivity, signal the rise of a knowledge economy. This is a system in which the most valuable resource, to nations and private enterprise, is knowledge. This thesis argues that value is created through knowledge flows, which result in innovation and technological advancement. This technological advancement is the primary determinant of a nation’s global competitive advantage in a globalized knowledge economy. This thesis then posits that these innovations are fostered by institutional, social, cultural, economic, and governmental factors within a nation. These factors make up a nations’ National Innovation System (NIS). Using case studies of the US, China, India, and the EU, this paper then attempts to deconstruct, compare, and contrast the innovation strategies of each country and what implications they might have for the future. Lastly, an analysis of potential trends attempts to forecast the global innovative landscape in the near future.

The graduation thesis focuses on science and technology parks as the form of tendencies for the integration of the science and technology development in Europe. The objective of the thesis is to describe the development of science and technology parks in selected European countries and to verify the existence of dependencies between the integration of the science and technology development and the competitiveness of countries. The author defines the fundamental parameters and strategic goals of parks and compares parks in selected European countries on that basis. The author confirms positive dependences between the integration of the science and technology development and the competitiveness of countries and deduces prerequisites for the effective function of science and technology parks in the economy. The author suggests prospective good practices for the identified prerequisites.

Avaliar o rendimento da atividade científica e seu impacto na sociedade, com a finalidade primordial de adequar a distribuição dos recursos destinados à atividade de investigação e desenvolvimento, é um ponto indispensável na gestão e planejamento científico de qualquer instituição, instância de governo ou país para conseguir uma rentabilidade máxima nos investimentos neste campo. Este trabalho analisou o \"Estado da Arte\" no campo da Economia da Saúde no Brasil, através da pesquisa de publicações brasileiras e de publicações sobre temas brasileiros neste campo, no período de 1989 a 1998. Para tal utilizou-se a bibliometria como instrumento de análise para medir a atividade científica no campo da economia da saúde. O conhecimento organizado da literatura disponível em economia da saúde é muito importante, pois evidenciou além dos temas mais estudados pelos pesquisadores desta área, quais instituições e autores estão envolvidos com esta atividade. Para os países em desenvolvimento, onde a escassez de recursos é mais aguda, a utilização das técnicas de análise desenvolvidas pela ciência econômica, serve para subsidiar as decisões no campo da política de saúde. Embora tenham ocorrido oscilações durante o período de dez anos estudados, a aparente tendência de crescimento desse campo entre os anos de 1989 e 1995, que talvez se explique pela dificuldade do financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde, posto que este é um dos temas que mais se destaca dentre as matérias de interesse dos pesquisadores desta área, parece ter decrescido e no ano de 1998 volta para níveis de produção quase idênticos aos de 1989. / The necessity of the evaluation of Science and Technology activities and its impact have been looked as objective strategies which aim to allocate resources conveniently on research and development. This is the essential point to manage and plan scientific activities at organisations. This work has studied the \"state of art\" in health economics in Brazil, during the past ten years. In order to carry out this proposition we have used bibliometric assessments to measure scientific activities in the field of health economics. The organised knowledge of available literature is useful because health economics aims to equip policy-makers, planners and managers with a set of analytical tools based on economic principles. Health economics is becoming increasingly influential in decisions about financing health services, and how limited budgets should be allocated to improve health. It was found that there is an apparent trend in the overall growth in literature about health economics. Perhaps, the difficulties on financing the Unified Health System can explain this trend, because this is the favourite issue of the researcher. The scientific outcome in this field grows up from 1992 to 1995, thence decreasing until 1998.

Avaliar o rendimento da atividade científica e seu impacto na sociedade, com a finalidade primordial de adequar a distribuição dos recursos destinados à atividade de investigação e desenvolvimento, é um ponto indispensável na gestão e planejamento científico de qualquer instituição, instância de governo ou país para conseguir uma rentabilidade máxima nos investimentos neste campo. Este trabalho analisou o \"Estado da Arte\" no campo da Economia da Saúde no Brasil, através da pesquisa de publicações brasileiras e de publicações sobre temas brasileiros neste campo, no período de 1989 a 1998. Para tal utilizou-se a bibliometria como instrumento de análise para medir a atividade científica no campo da economia da saúde. O conhecimento organizado da literatura disponível em economia da saúde é muito importante, pois evidenciou além dos temas mais estudados pelos pesquisadores desta área, quais instituições e autores estão envolvidos com esta atividade. Para os países em desenvolvimento, onde a escassez de recursos é mais aguda, a utilização das técnicas de análise desenvolvidas pela ciência econômica, serve para subsidiar as decisões no campo da política de saúde. Embora tenham ocorrido oscilações durante o período de dez anos estudados, a aparente tendência de crescimento desse campo entre os anos de 1989 e 1995, que talvez se explique pela dificuldade do financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde, posto que este é um dos temas que mais se destaca dentre as matérias de interesse dos pesquisadores desta área, parece ter decrescido e no ano de 1998 volta para níveis de produção quase idênticos aos de 1989. / The necessity of the evaluation of Science and Technology activities and its impact have been looked as objective strategies which aim to allocate resources conveniently on research and development. This is the essential point to manage and plan scientific activities at organisations. This work has studied the \"state of art\" in health economics in Brazil, during the past ten years. In order to carry out this proposition we have used bibliometric assessments to measure scientific activities in the field of health economics. The organised knowledge of available literature is useful because health economics aims to equip policy-makers, planners and managers with a set of analytical tools based on economic principles. Health economics is becoming increasingly influential in decisions about financing health services, and how limited budgets should be allocated to improve health. It was found that there is an apparent trend in the overall growth in literature about health economics. Perhaps, the difficulties on financing the Unified Health System can explain this trend, because this is the favourite issue of the researcher. The scientific outcome in this field grows up from 1992 to 1995, thence decreasing until 1998.

This study analyses the history of a large hydroelectric scheme – the Great Ruaha power project in Tanzania. The objective is to establish why and how this specific scheme came about, and as part of this to identify the key actors involved in the decision-making process, including the ideological contexts within which they acted. Although the Tanzanian actors and the World Bank (IBRD) are discussed, main focus is on the Swedish actors on project level.Kidatu, the first phase of the Great Ruaha power project (constructed between1970-1975), became the first large-scale hydropower station in Tanzania. As such, it paved the way for Tanzanian entrance into the Big Dam Era and significant changes within the Tanzanian landscape. As well as the dry river bed at Kidatu, and the small reservoir that precedes it, the Great Ruaha power project also involved the creation of a huge artificial lake, the Mtera reservoir. The Kidatu hydropower station was the first large undertaking within Swedish bilateral aid, and implied the takeover of control of hydropower construction in Tanzania by Swedish enterprises, replacing the enterprises of the former colonial power. A hydropower plant is a complex technoscientific artefact. The construction of a hydropower plant is preceded by a large number of technological choices, scientific prestudies and estimations of costs and revenues. A hydropower plant is also a complex social creation, and is as such filled with social actors engaged in conflicts, compromises and power structures. The decision to construct Kidatu hydropower station was a result of negotiations and activities within what is called “development assistance”. This brings in yet another dimension, the political one, involving export and import of technology, foreign capital, and foreign influence in decision-making processes, as well as ideas about how to bring development and progress to a people supposed to be living in “poverty and misery”. The study is divided into three main parts. The first part analyses the context of Swedish development assistance in the support to the construction of hydropower plants. This part discusses Swedish state-supported hydropower exploitation of indigenous people’s territory within Sweden’s borders in the 20th century and the background of Swedish development assistance, from the 1950s to the early 1960s. The second part analyses the event of Swedish development assistance entering Tanzania and the Great Ruaha power project, with the main focus being on the period 1965 – 1970. The third part is an analysis of the technoscientific basis for the decisions taken to implement the Great Ruaha hydropower scheme. Main focus is on the period 1969-1974, discussed against the backdrop of precolonial and colonial studies. While focus is on the 1960s and 1970s, in both part two and three events in the 1980s and 1990s are discussed. The study shows that although Sweden was not a colonial power in Tanzania, colonial imagery, and relations to the colonial era, as well as Sweden’s background of internal colonialisation, exerted an influence on the decision-making process and the actors involved in the Great Ruaha power project.The study is mainly based on archival sources, complemented with oral sources from Tanzania and Sweden. Recognizing the complexity of large-scale hydropower and the attempts to control watercourses that large scale hydropower necessitates, in the specific context of decolonisation and development assistance that the decision-making process behind the Great Ruaha hydropower scheme reveals, the analysis of the actors involved is based on feminist and postcolonial perspectives. / QC 20100825

This dissertation project explored the privileging of knowledge production in science and technology as a Canadian national economic, political and social strategy. The project incorporated the relationship between nation-state knowledge production and how that knowledge is then systematically evaluated, prioritized and validated by systems of health technology assessment (HTA). The entry point into the analysis and this dissertation project was the Scientific Research and Experimental Design (SR&ED) federal tax incentive program as the cornerstone of science and technology knowledge production in Canada. The method of inquiry and analysis examined the submission documents submitted by key stakeholders across the country, representing public, private and academic standpoints, during the public consultation process conducted from 2007 to 2008 and how each of these standpoints is hooked into the public policy interests and institutional structures that produce knowledge in science and technology. Key public meetings, including the public information sessions facilitated by the Canada Revenue Agency and private industry conferences, provided context and guidance regarding the current pervasive public and policy interests that direct and drive the policy debates. Finally, the “Innovation Canada: A Call to Action Review of Federal Support to Research and Development: Expert Panel Report,” commonly referred to as “The Jenkins Report” (Jenkins et al., 2011), was critically evaluated as the expected predictor of future public policy changes associated with the SR&ED program and the future implications for the production of knowledge in science and technology. The method of inquiry and analytical lens was a materialist approach that drew on the inspiring frameworks of such scholars as Dorothy Smith, Michel Foucault, Kaushik Sunder Rajan, Melinda Cooper, and, Gilles Deleuze. Ultimately, I strove to illuminate the normalizing force and power of knowledge production in science and technology, and the disciplines and structures that encompass it and are hooked into it where the privileging of such knowledge becomes hegemonic within and by the regimes of knowledge production that created them.

This dissertation project explored the privileging of knowledge production in science and technology as a Canadian national economic, political and social strategy. The project incorporated the relationship between nation-state knowledge production and how that knowledge is then systematically evaluated, prioritized and validated by systems of health technology assessment (HTA). The entry point into the analysis and this dissertation project was the Scientific Research and Experimental Design (SR&ED) federal tax incentive program as the cornerstone of science and technology knowledge production in Canada. The method of inquiry and analysis examined the submission documents submitted by key stakeholders across the country, representing public, private and academic standpoints, during the public consultation process conducted from 2007 to 2008 and how each of these standpoints is hooked into the public policy interests and institutional structures that produce knowledge in science and technology. Key public meetings, including the public information sessions facilitated by the Canada Revenue Agency and private industry conferences, provided context and guidance regarding the current pervasive public and policy interests that direct and drive the policy debates. Finally, the “Innovation Canada: A Call to Action Review of Federal Support to Research and Development: Expert Panel Report,” commonly referred to as “The Jenkins Report” (Jenkins et al., 2011), was critically evaluated as the expected predictor of future public policy changes associated with the SR&ED program and the future implications for the production of knowledge in science and technology. The method of inquiry and analytical lens was a materialist approach that drew on the inspiring frameworks of such scholars as Dorothy Smith, Michel Foucault, Kaushik Sunder Rajan, Melinda Cooper, and, Gilles Deleuze. Ultimately, I strove to illuminate the normalizing force and power of knowledge production in science and technology, and the disciplines and structures that encompass it and are hooked into it where the privileging of such knowledge becomes hegemonic within and by the regimes of knowledge production that created them.