Submitted by Mery Piedad Zamudio Igami (mery@ipen.br) on 2017-03-10T15:11:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 22059.pdf: 9657330 bytes, checksum: ed07f8d493b8c9079bd2d57c8807b411 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T15:11:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 22059.pdf: 9657330 bytes, checksum: ed07f8d493b8c9079bd2d57c8807b411 (MD5) / O planejamento estratégico é uma das ferramentas da administração de grande importância para a tomada de decisão. A área nuclear representa um segmento de grande importância na sociedade moderna, não só na produção de energia, bem como em muitos outros setores da economia. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho de doutorado propor a implantação de um planejamento norteado pela ferramenta estratégica, o BSC-Balanced Scorecard por meio dos indicadores de desempenho relacionais, de modo a facilitar a visualização da forma mais simples possível pelos gestores, com base nos atuais planos estratégicos institucionais do Laboratório de Produção de Fontes Seladas. A metodologia utilizada nesse estudo acadêmico de doutorado foi o estudo de caso, o qual considerou o período de pesquisa de 2008 a 2015. Entre os principais resultados esperados com esse estudo podem ser citados: uma melhor visualização dos planos estratégicos, uma ferramenta adicional de apoio a gestão, a possibilidade de mudança de periodicidade de análises de resultados e metas a serem atingidas entre outros. Diante dos resultados esperados foi possível concluir que este estudo poderá ser de grande valia para o Laboratório de Produção de Fontes Seladas, caso seu gestores optem por adotar essa ferramenta de gestão. Por fim, esta proposição possibilitaria a este laboratório, uma maior facilidade no processo de identificação e mapeamento de futuras direções da organização a partir dos recursos que possui e que, de certa forma, trarão como benefícios, maior visibilidade e ações mais eficazes. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear ) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T11:58:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 adriananascimentodesouza.pdf: 1757133 bytes, checksum: 69514ee02274bd2e690a0252c528c6f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-26T20:25:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 adriananascimentodesouza.pdf: 1757133 bytes, checksum: 69514ee02274bd2e690a0252c528c6f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T20:25:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adriananascimentodesouza.pdf: 1757133 bytes, checksum: 69514ee02274bd2e690a0252c528c6f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho teve como objetivo a produção de uma cápsula selada de ²²Na, funcionando como fonte emissora de pósitrons, para a nova linha de pesquisa do Laboratório de Espectroscopia Atômica e Molecular (LEAM) da UFJF, que visa a aplicação de feixes de pósitrons lentos, ao invés de elétrons nos aparelhos disponíveis no LEAM, no estudo de átomos ou moléculas. O trabalho englobou várias etapas, tais como a escolha da fonte emissora de pósitrons, o armazenamento do radionuclídeo, o projeto da cápsula selada, sua construção, o desenvolvimento de um sistema de carregamento da cápsula, sua selagem, considerando todos os aspectos inerentes à proteção radiológica. A fonte emissora de pósitron escolhida foi o elemento radioativo 22Na, radioisótopo de meia vida longa (2,6 anos) e meia vida biológica (11 dias) razoavelmente baixa. Sua aplicação não é imediata e requer seu acondicionamento adequado e seguro em uma cápsula perfeitamente selada, sendo posteriormente, necessário moderar a energia dos pósitrons rápidos emitidos espontaneamente pela fonte. Esta é a primeira cápsula de 22Na selada produzida no Brasil, colocando-nos no seleto grupo de pesquisadores que dominam esta tecnologia. / This work aimed to produce a sealed capsule of ²²Na, consisting of a source of positrons for the new line of research of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory (LEAM) - UFJF, to use optionally slow positron beams, rather than electrons, in the apparatus available in this laboratory to study atoms and molecules. The work encompassed several steps, such as the choice of the emission source of positrons, radionuclide storage, the sealed capsule design, its construction, the development of a charging system of the capsule, sealing, considering all aspects of inherent in radiological protection. The positron source chosen was the radioactive element ²²Na, long half-life radioisotope (2.6 years) and reasonably low biological half-life (11 days). Its application is not immediate and requires its proper and safe packaging in a perfectly sealed capsule, being subsequently necessary to moderate the energy of fast positrons spontaneously emitted by the source. This is the first ²²Na sealed capsule produced in Brazil, placing us in the select group of researchers who have mastered this technology.

This thesis deals with construction proposal of variable sectional conveyer for lump loads transportation. With regard to request for floor prices, purchased parts and components were used as much as possible. Chain - belt and other atypical conveyer parts had to be designed. Design was executed on the basis of calculations followed with solidity and deformation verification.

En av de viktigaste delarna i bostadsaffärer är budgivningen, både för mäklare, säljare och köpare. Budgivningen är dock inte reglerad i lag och bud är inte bindande. Säljaren bestämmer över budgivningen och spekulanterna bestämmer över sina bud. Mäklarens hantering av budgivningen är reglerad genom lag och praxis, bland annat skyldigheten att tillvarata båda parters intressen. Med dessa utgångspunkter kan budgivningen i vissa fall bli problematisk, något som har uppmärksammats i samband med dolda bud. Ett dolt bud innebär att det endast gäller under förutsättning att det inte kommuniceras till övriga spekulanter. Det har blivit allt vanligare på bostadsmarknaden men det saknas information och fördjupning inom ämnet. Därav är syftet med denna uppsats att studera dolda bud och vilka effekter det har på förmedlingsprocessen utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med induktiv ansats. Studien utgörs i huvudsak av intervjuer med olika erfarna personer inom bostadsmarknaden i Stockholm, men utreder även vad dolda bud innebär och hur det förhåller sig till regler, lagar och praxis.  Det finns en stor problematik kring dolda bud och det innebär en risk för alla inblandade parter. Budgivningen brister i transparens och det är inte ovanligt att det leder till besvikelse och frustration. Det förekommer i samband med att marknaden är het och leder till en snabb affär där alla inte får chans att delta i budgivningen som många har att förlora på. Marknaden sätter inte priset vilket leder till slutpriser som mer eller mindre skiljer sig från marknadsvärdet. Ekonomiskt sett är det i princip alltid någon av parterna som förlorar på affären, antingen betalar köparen för mycket eller så får säljaren mindre än vad man hade kunnat få i en öppen budgivning. Framför allt är det övriga spekulanter som blir upprörda för att de inte har fått möjlighet att delta i budgivningen och det är oftast mäklaren som får kritiken. Okunskap och orättvisa är orsaken till missnöjet och problematiken som uppstår på bostadsmarknaden. Mäklare samt branschexperter ser detta som ett allt vanligare problem och det leder till ett dåligt rykte för bostadsmarknaden, särskilt för mäklarna. Branschens ambition är att bostadsaffärer ska vara tydliga och informativa för alla parter med en öppen och transparent budgivning. / One of the most vital parts in real estate business is the bidding process, for both the broker, seller and the buyer. Although, the bidding process is not regulated by the law and the bids are not binding. The seller is deciding over the bidding process and the potential buyers are in charge of their offerings. How the realtor is handling the bidding process is regulated by law and by praxis, for example the obligation to include the interest of both parties (seller and potential buyer). Based on these premises, the bidding process can in some cases become problematic, which have been highlighted in association of sealed bids. A sealed bid involves a condition that it will last only if it is not communicated to other speculators. This phenomenon become more common on the real estate market, although it lacks information and knowledge within this topic. Therefore, the purpose of this bachelor thesis is to study sealed bids and identify what effects it has on the brokerage process, based on a qualitative study method with an inductive approach. The study is mainly based on interviews with different people with different experiences within the sector of real estate in Stockholm. In addition, it also investigates what sealed bids means and how it is related to rules, laws and praxis.  There is a huge issue with sealed bids and it involves a risk for all parties involved. The bidding process is lacking in transparency and it is likely that it generates disappointment and frustration. It occurs in association when the market is blooming, which generates quick deals where not everyone get the chance to participate in the process of bidding. The market does not set the price, which leads to selling prices that differs from the market value. From a financial point of view, one of the parties usually losing out in the deal, with either the buyer paying too much, or the seller receiving less than what they could have received in an open bidding process. Overall, the other speculators get upset due to that they have not been getting the opportunity to participate in the bidding and it is often the realtor who receives the criticism. Lack of knowledge and injustice are the reasons of the dissatisfaction and the problem that arises on the real estate market. Brokers and other experts within the sector see this as a more common issue and it gives the real estate market a bad reputation, especially for the brokers. The ambition of the sector is that the real estate deals should be more direct and informative for all parties involved with an open and transparent bidding process.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o mercado de concessões de prestação do serviço de transmissão de energia elétrica do Brasil. Essa concessão dura trinta anos e, se for considerado que houve muitos interessados em ganhar as concessões, para a maioria dos leilões realizados até 2005 o resultado dos leilões podem ser considerados um grande sucesso. Esses leilões são recentes, se iniciaram em 1999. Antes disso o setor passava por dificuldades de investimento. Após reformulação de algumas leis, o setor elétrico deixou de ser dependente de financiamentos governamentais. O setor privado começou a investir de forma controlada nesses projetos de grande porte e a obrigação do governo passou a ser o de fiscalizar e formular as leis do setor. Como houve muitos interessados em prestar o serviço público, os leilões foram a forma escolhida para decidir qual era a empresa mais eficiente. Os leilões são descendentes de primeiro preço em dois estágios em que o primeiro estágio é secreto em envelope fechado. Caso a diferença entre o menor valor e os outros lances seja menor do que 5%, o leilão passa para o segundo estágio que ocorre em viva-voz. Como o objeto leiloado é uma concessão, o valor que os participantes tem de decidir não é o preço a pagar, mas sim o valor da receita máxima que a concessionária aceitará receber para prestar o serviço. Uma das características da transmissão que determinou o tipo de regulação a ser utilizado foi o fato da transmissão de energia elétrica ser um monopólio natural, por isso o valor cobrado dos usuários deve ser controlado. O valor desse único lance contém as expectativas dos agentes sobre o valor dos custos estimados para prestar o serviço, contém também as expectativas de lucro possível, da probabilidade de vitória do leilão dada a concorrência etc. A análise deste trabalho se concentra nos leilões realizados no período de 1999 até 2005 em que ocorreram dez leilões com várias linhas sendo leiloadas em cada leilão. Para determinar o que tornou esse mercado tão interessante para as empresas privadas, foram consideradas as características de cada empresa. A característica mais importante é a interdependência. Essa interdependência permite custos menores quanto mais projetos de transmissão a empresa possui, por isso os resultados do leilão podem ser determinados por essa característica especial. Além dessa variável, foram consideradas a concorrência, a competitividade entre os participantes, o tipo de empresa, ou seja, em que setor a empresa possui especialidade na realização de projetos e o fato dos leilões serem seqüenciais. / This work analised the concession market of electricity transmission lines in Brazil. This market was recently created by a major restructuring in the regulation laws. The reason for this change was the investment crisis that the sector was going through before 1999. Those concessions are decided by an auction and lasts for thirty years. It has been considered a major success, due to the interest of many companies in acquiring this permits. The government no longer invested on it but instead decided de the laws to control the sector. One of the key changes in the diferent aspect of the regulation the participation of the private sector. Investments were no longer dependent on government for financial suport. This alteration made the market more competitive, eficient and lucrative. The auctions are classified as a descending first-price with two stages. The first stage is made with a sealed bid and in case the diference of the lowest bid and the other bids are less than 5%, the auction goes to the second stage with a oral auction. The object auctioned is a permit to provide a public service for a period o time, so this is the reason the auction is descending one. The bids made by the participants is the value of a maximum annual income permited by the regulator. The reason for this maximum is a result of the fact that this public service is a natural monopoly. It prevents the concessionare to take advantage over it´s clients by charging a high fee when they don´t have a choice of another provider of this service. When the participants of the auctions choose the value of the bid, this only bid contains all of their expectations of costs, profits, the probability of winning the auction when considering the competition etc. This work uses the data of all the auctions of transmission lines that happened between 1999 and 2005. in this period ocorred ten auctions, with many lines auctioned in each one. In order to determine what made this market so interesting for private companies some caracteristics of those companies were considered. The results of this study finds that the most important caracteristic is interdependencies. It allows lower costs the many concessions the company owns. This result is so powerful that sometimes it may determine the winner of the auction. Other variables analised were the competitiveness of this sequential auctions, the competitiveness of the participants, the kind of work the company is specialized in, as a real option when deciding what kind of company to participate, for exemple, in a joint venture, and the benefits of this decision.

Les sols constituent le premier réservoirterrestre de carbone organique et jouent ainsi un rôleclé pour limiter le réchauffement climatique. Les solsurbains représentent 3% du territoire mondial etl’urbanisation est la première cause de changementd’affectation des sols. L’augmentation rapide dessurfaces artificialisées a entraîné un intérêt croissantquant à la capacité des sols urbains à stocker ducarbone. Les travaux de thèse ont visé à comprendrela contribution des sols urbains au stock global decarbone organique et à proposer une méthodestandardisée pour son suivi. Les recherches ont aussiporté sur l’étude de la stabilité du carbone organiquedes sols urbains et la modélisation de la dynamique dece carbone. Une base de données a été construite àpartir de données disponibles au niveau national, puisde mesures supplémentaires acquises dans trois villes françaises.Le stock de carbone des sols ouverts est similaireentre les villes, et équivalent voire supérieur enprofondeur, à celui des sols forestiers environnants.Ce stock dépend plus particulièrement du mode degestion des espaces verts urbains, et de l’histoire dusite. Ainsi, les sols urbains ouverts sont caractériséspar une forte proportion de matières organiqueslabiles sur 0-44 cm de profondeur. Au contraire, lessols scellés présentent des stocks de carbone trèsfaibles. Ils sont caractérisés par une forte proportionde matières organiques stables dont l’évolution(stockage ou minéralisation) dépend de l’état dedormance microbienne. Un modèle conceptuel de ladynamiq / Soils are the largest terrestrial pool oforganic carbon and thus play a key role in mitigatingclimate change. The urban soils account for 3% of theworld’s territory and urbanization is currently theprimary cause of land use change. The increase ofartificial areas have led to a growing interest in theurban soil ability to store organic carbon. This workaimed to understand the contribution of urban soils tothe global organic carbon stock and to propose astandardized method for its monitoring. The researchalso focused on studying the stability of organic carbonin urban soils and modeling its dynamics. A databasewas built using data available at the French territorylevel as well as using additional measurements acquired in three French cities.The organic carbon stock in urban open soils aresimilar between cities, and equivalent, or even higherin depth, than that of surrounding forest soils. Thestock in open soils is particularly dependent upon themanagement methods of the urban green spaces,and on the specific site history. Thus, open urban soilsare characterized by a high proportion of labileorganic matter at 0-44 cm depth. Conversely, sealedsoils have very low carbon stocks. They arecharacterized by a high proportion of stable organicmatter whose evolution (storage or mineralization)depends on the dormant state of the microbialcommunities. A conceptual model of carbon dynamicsfor these two soil types has been developed. Finally,recommendations for optimizing carbon monitoringand urban soil management have been proposed

I have developed a multiagent system platform that provides a valuable complement to the alternative research methods. The platform facilitates the development of heterogeneous agents in complex environments. The first application of the multiagent system is to the study of sealed-bid auctions with two-dimensional value signals from pure private to pure common value. I find that several auction outcomes are significantly nonlinear across the two-dimensional value signals. As the common value percent increases, profit, revenue, and efficiency all decrease monotonically, but they decrease in different ways. Finally, I find that forcing revelation by the auction winner of the true common value may have beneficial revenue effects when the common-value percent is high and there is a high degree of uncertainty about the common value. The second application of the multiagent system is to the study of English auctions with two-dimensional value signals using agents that learn a signal-averaging factor. I find that signal averaging increases nonlinearly as the common value percent increases, decreases with the number of bidders, and decreases at high common value percents when the common value signal is more uncertain. Using signal averaging, agents increase their profit when the value is more uncertain. The most obvious effect of signal averaging is on reducing the percentage of auctions won by bidders with the highest common value signal. The third application of the multiagent system is to the study of the optimal payment rule in Treasury auctions using Canadian rules. The model encompasses the when-issued, auction, and secondary markets, as well as constraints for primary dealers. I find that the Spanish payment rule is revenue inferior to the Discriminatory payment rule across all market price spreads, but the Average rule is revenue superior. For most market-price spreads, Uniform payment results in less revenue than Discriminatory, but there are many cases in which Vickrey payment produces more revenue.

I have developed a multiagent system platform that provides a valuable complement to the alternative research methods. The platform facilitates the development of heterogeneous agents in complex environments. The first application of the multiagent system is to the study of sealed-bid auctions with two-dimensional value signals from pure private to pure common value. I find that several auction outcomes are significantly nonlinear across the two-dimensional value signals. As the common value percent increases, profit, revenue, and efficiency all decrease monotonically, but they decrease in different ways. Finally, I find that forcing revelation by the auction winner of the true common value may have beneficial revenue effects when the common-value percent is high and there is a high degree of uncertainty about the common value. The second application of the multiagent system is to the study of English auctions with two-dimensional value signals using agents that learn a signal-averaging factor. I find that signal averaging increases nonlinearly as the common value percent increases, decreases with the number of bidders, and decreases at high common value percents when the common value signal is more uncertain. Using signal averaging, agents increase their profit when the value is more uncertain. The most obvious effect of signal averaging is on reducing the percentage of auctions won by bidders with the highest common value signal. The third application of the multiagent system is to the study of the optimal payment rule in Treasury auctions using Canadian rules. The model encompasses the when-issued, auction, and secondary markets, as well as constraints for primary dealers. I find that the Spanish payment rule is revenue inferior to the Discriminatory payment rule across all market price spreads, but the Average rule is revenue superior. For most market-price spreads, Uniform payment results in less revenue than Discriminatory, but there are many cases in which Vickrey payment produces more revenue.

I have developed a multiagent system platform that provides a valuable complement to the alternative research methods. The platform facilitates the development of heterogeneous agents in complex environments. The first application of the multiagent system is to the study of sealed-bid auctions with two-dimensional value signals from pure private to pure common value. I find that several auction outcomes are significantly nonlinear across the two-dimensional value signals. As the common value percent increases, profit, revenue, and efficiency all decrease monotonically, but they decrease in different ways. Finally, I find that forcing revelation by the auction winner of the true common value may have beneficial revenue effects when the common-value percent is high and there is a high degree of uncertainty about the common value. The second application of the multiagent system is to the study of English auctions with two-dimensional value signals using agents that learn a signal-averaging factor. I find that signal averaging increases nonlinearly as the common value percent increases, decreases with the number of bidders, and decreases at high common value percents when the common value signal is more uncertain. Using signal averaging, agents increase their profit when the value is more uncertain. The most obvious effect of signal averaging is on reducing the percentage of auctions won by bidders with the highest common value signal. The third application of the multiagent system is to the study of the optimal payment rule in Treasury auctions using Canadian rules. The model encompasses the when-issued, auction, and secondary markets, as well as constraints for primary dealers. I find that the Spanish payment rule is revenue inferior to the Discriminatory payment rule across all market price spreads, but the Average rule is revenue superior. For most market-price spreads, Uniform payment results in less revenue than Discriminatory, but there are many cases in which Vickrey payment produces more revenue.

Submitted by Marcos Paulo de Jesus (mpj@gvmail.br) on 2018-07-11T20:46:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus - Um estudo de caso entre 3 tipos de leilão reverso sob a perspectiva de uma organização de compras.pdf: 883117 bytes, checksum: 78501c0ba874ec5e74051216e041b45a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-07-13T22:22:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus - Um estudo de caso entre 3 tipos de leilão reverso sob a perspectiva de uma organização de compras.pdf: 883117 bytes, checksum: 78501c0ba874ec5e74051216e041b45a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-07-16T13:29:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus - Um estudo de caso entre 3 tipos de leilão reverso sob a perspectiva de uma organização de compras.pdf: 883117 bytes, checksum: 78501c0ba874ec5e74051216e041b45a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T13:29:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus - Um estudo de caso entre 3 tipos de leilão reverso sob a perspectiva de uma organização de compras.pdf: 883117 bytes, checksum: 78501c0ba874ec5e74051216e041b45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-11 / Essa dissertação é um estudo de caso experimental em laboratório com três tipos de leilão reverso, visando aplicar as lições aprendidas no experimento a um caso real. Como há diversos tipos de leilão disponíveis, selecionar a modalidade mais indicada para um processo de compras torna-se um problema relevante para que uma empresa compradora consiga o melhor resultado do ponto de vista de redução de custo e continuidade do negócio. Fundamentado nisso, o objetivo dessa dissertação é identificar qual a modalidade de leilão pode trazer o melhor resultado do ponto de vista da empresa que está realizando a compra. Dessa forma, foi selecionado um item específico a ser comprado pela empresa, nesse caso um serviço de transporte de carga excedentes, e solicitado a fornecedores selecionados que enviassem propostas de fornecimento com o objetivo de atender à solicitação de cotação (RFQ, ou request for quotation) e, baseado nessas propostas, foi elaborada uma série de simulações em laboratório de três tipos de leilão: leilão reverso inglês, leilão reverso japonês e leilão de primeiro preço em envelope fechado. Após a execução desse experimento, foi selecionada a modalidade de leilão que gerou os melhores resultados esperados pela companhia, nesse caso o menor lance entre os participantes, e aplicada em um caso real, cujo resultado foi reportado nesse trabalho para enriquecer a aplicabilidade dessa dissertação. Com base nesses resultados foi possível comparar o efeito de redução de custos entre esses três tipos de leilão para então aplicá-los em situações futuras. / This dissertation is an experimental case study with three different types of reverse auction in a laboratory aiming to apply the lessons learned in the simulations to a real case. As there are several auctions types available in the software used by companies, selecting the most suitable type for a specific procurement process becomes a relevant problem for a company aiming to get the best result regarding cost reduction and business continuity. Based on that, the goal of this dissertation is to identify which type of auction may lead to the best result from the perspective of the buyer. Thus, it was selected one specific item to be purchased by the company, in this case heavy lift transportation services and it was asked to some suppliers to submit proposals to meet the request for quotation (RFQ). Based on these proposals, it was designed a series of auctions simulations in a laboratory of three types of auctions (reverse English auction, reverse Japanese auction and first price sealed envelope auction). After the performance of these simulations in a laboratory, the type of auction that generated the best results expected by the company, in this case the one with the lowest winning bid from bidders, was selected, applied in a real case situation and the result was reported to enrich the application of this dissertation. Based on these results it is possible to infer the cost reduction effect of these three types of auction and apply it further in the procurement processes.