Accelerated sea-level rise and increased intensity of tropical storm events have challenged the conventional approaches to conservation and restoration of coastal ecosystems. In coastal communities, where survival will depend largely on the ability of species to adapt to rapidly shifting conditions or become established farther inland, historic assemblages may be lost. Seed banks may be an important component of resilience and recovery in response to altered inundation regimes, should they contain species able to adapt or migrate inland. This study assess the ability of seed banks to act as ecological buffers to storm surge disturbances and to instill ecological resilience in degraded and vulnerable coastal ecosystems. Above-ground, seed bank and propagule assemblages were surveyed from historic communities at the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Artificial storm surge experiments revealed that that seed banks were not well distributed throughout the coastal transition communities and that seed bank responses following storm surges are likely to vary among the different plant communities. While some relict species are expected to respond following disturbances, ruderal species are especially dominant in the upland seed bank communities and may, at least in the short term, cause shifts away from the historical assemblages. The apparent absence of seaward species in the upland seed banks may make assisted migration an important tool for the survival of communities unable to keep pace. Community response following translocation of propagule bank application onto highly degraded buyout properties suggested that this technique may be an effective tool in introducing resilience into ecosystems already experiencing the effects of climate change. They resulted in the establishment of diverse and variable communities, containing indicator species from a number of historic communities with varying environmental tolerances. Long-term monitoring of community change and reproductive output of target species may indicate the utility of community translocation in creating resilient and future-adapted communities.

abstract: The Zingiberales, including the gingers (Zingiber), bananas (Musa) and ornamental flowers (Strelitzia, Canna, and Heliconia) are a diverse group of monocots that occupy the tropics and subtropics worldwide. The monophyly of the order is well supported, although relationships between families are not well resolved. A rapid divergence of the Zingiberales has been proposed to explain the poor resolution of paraphyletic families in the order, and direct fossil evidence shows members of both of these lineages of Zingiberaceae and Musaceae were present by the Late Cretaceous. Comparisons of the fossils with extant relatives and their systematic placement have been limited because variation within modern taxa is not completely known. The current study focuses on describing zingiberalean fossil material from North Dakota that includes seeds, leaves, buds, adventitious roots and rhizomes. A survey of extant zingiberalean seeds was conducted, including descriptions of those for which data were previously unknown, in order to resolve the taxonomic placement of the fossil material. Upon careful examination, anatomical characters of the seed coat in fossil and extant seeds provide the basis for a more accurate taxonomic placement of the fossils and a better understanding of character evolution within the order. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Plant Biology 2012

Spray application of 5­azacytidine on established plant seedlings was tested for its demethylating efficiency, as it represents a novel method for plant experimental demethylation with a potentially lower negative impact on plant development compared to the traditional application of the demethytaling agent through germination of seeds in its solution. Further, the 5­azacytidine spray application was used in practice to erase the epigenetic memory in offspring of Taraxacum brevicorniculatum plants from different competitive conditions. The impact of parental competition on the juvenile phenotype was estimated by measuring growth related traits, while the experimental demethylation allowed for evaluating the significance of DNA methylation marks in bioticaly induced transgenerational effects in T. brevirorniculatum.

NUNES, Renato Leandro Costa. Germinação e produção de girassol em condições de estresse. 2015. 69 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia / Fitotecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2015 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T14:32:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rlcnunes.pdf: 1787306 bytes, checksum: 3cf317343f937cea8d0c74d20d624b1c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T14:32:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rlcnunes.pdf: 1787306 bytes, checksum: 3cf317343f937cea8d0c74d20d624b1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rlcnunes.pdf: 1787306 bytes, checksum: 3cf317343f937cea8d0c74d20d624b1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Currently one of the largest interests in the case of physiological seed quality, is to determine a more normal seedlings germinated in less time possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination behavior, physiological and production of sunflower cultivars under conditions of abiotic and biotic stress, and to determine the periods of weed interference in this culture. First, the effects of abiotic factor (temperature) in a completely randomized design in a factorial 5 x 20, five temperature regimes 25.0; 27.5; 30.0; 32.5 and 35,0º C and 20 cultivars. With the result obtained in the first experiment was carried out experiments with salt and water stress. Both were held in DIC in a factorial 4 x 5, four cultivars that had germination behavior highlighted submitted to five water potentials (0.0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa ). Both experiments were conducted in a growth chamber at 30 ° C, the best temperature for germination, and that this temperature is similar to Ceará coastal micro having low altitude and latitude. The experiments were conducted with four replications and evaluated the germination percentage, germination rate index, mean germination time, average fresh and dry weight of seedlings. Besides these, was determined to productivity and periods of weed interference in sunflower cultivation in the field, and for that used a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial 2 x 5 being, that is, two types of competition (presence or absence) combined with periods of coexistence and weed control being 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after emergence of sunflower. The temperature of 30 ° C was the most suitable for conducting the cultivars germination test. The cv. Olissun showed the highest physiological quality under different conditions of temperature, while maintaining acceptable values for the thermal stresses, water and salt. Coexistence intervals in Olissun Sunflower cultivation affected periods of weed interference in culture. For achenes productivity, the period before interference was 27 days after emergence (DAE) of culture, the total period of interference prevention was 37 DAE and the critical period of interference covered 10 days of crop cycle / Atualmente um dos maiores interesses, tratando-se de qualidade fisiológica de sementes, é determinar um maior número de plântulas normais germinadas em um menor espaço de tempo possível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento germinativo, fisiológico e produtivo de cultivares de girassol sob condições de estresse abiótica e biótica, bem como determinar os períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas nesta cultura. Primeiramente foi avaliado o efeito do fator abiótico (temperatura) no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 20, cinco regimes de temperatura 25,0; 27,5; 30,0; 32,5 e 35,0º C e 20 cultivares. Com o resultado obtido no primeiro experimento, realizou-se os experimentos com estresse salino e hídrico. Ambos foram realizados em DIC, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, quatro cultivares que tiveram comportamento germinativo destacado submetidos a cinco potenciais hídricos (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 e -1,2 MPa). Ambos experimentos foram conduzidos em câmara de germinação regulada a 30° C, sendo a melhor temperatura para germinação, além de que esta temperatura é semelhante a microrregião litorânea cearense possuindo baixa altitude e latitude. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com quatro repetições, sendo avaliadas a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, média da matéria fresca e seca das plântulas. Além destes, foi determinada à produtividade e períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do girassol em campo, sendo para isso utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 sendo, ou seja, duas modalidades de competição (presença ou ausência) combinados com períodos de convivência e de controle das plantas daninhas sendo 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 dias após a emergência do girassol. A temperatura de 30° C foi a mais adequada para a condução do teste de germinação das cultivares. O cv. Olissun foi o que apresentou maior qualidade fisiológica sob as diferentes condições de temperatura, além de apresentar valores aceitáveis quanto aos estresses térmicos, hídrico e salino. Os intervalos de convivência no cultivo do girassol Olissun afetaram os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura. Para a produtividade de aquênios, o período anterior à interferência foi de 27 dias após a emergência (DAE) da cultura, o período total de prevenção à interferência foi de 37 DAE e o período crítico de prevenção à interferência abrangeu 10 dias de ciclo da cultura.

No description available.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) have proposed standards that could alter the judgments of users of financial statements. This study examines how certain regulations including revenue measurement choices made by management combined with risk disclosure as proposed by the PCAOB could interact with the propensity of the user to rely on financial information to affect how a class of private company financial statement users - seed equity investors - value a private company. Through experimental methods manipulating revenue measurement choice and risk disclosure, I find that seed equity investor value judgments of early stage companies are significantly influenced by accounting disclosures. Specifically, accounting disclosures regarding level of risk and revenue measurement that accompany financial models in the valuation process significantly alter a seed equity investor's value judgment of early stage companies. This segment of financial statement users tends to place the majority of their reliance on non-financial, subjective factors as predictors of future success of early stage companies. Further, their judgments are swayed by wholly different financial disclosures than their "Wall Street" investor counterparts in that conservative and low risk information creates large revisions in value judgment. The implication of this study is to suggest that "Main Street" investors consume financial information and their related disclosures differently than "Wall Street" investors - an inference important for standards setters to understand as they craft regulations that govern private companies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santacruzoviedo_vr_me_botfca.pdf: 253923 bytes, checksum: d788e43f5154fa351b3082b8b6f18339 (MD5) / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na FCA/UNESP, objetivando avaliar a depressão causada por endogamia com sucessivas gerações de autofecundação em uma população de pepino do tipo japonês. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas características de produção de frutos imaturos no período de 21/08/2002 à 29/11/2002 em ambiente protegido. No segundo experimento foram avaliadas características de produção e qualidade de sementes no período de 12/03/2003 à 13/06/2003 em condições de campo. A partir do intercruzamento entre plantas do híbrido Natsu suzumi foi obtida a geração F2, considerada como população S0. Obtiveram-se progênies S1, S2, S3, S4 e S5, através de autofecundações sucessivas pelo método do SSD ('Single Seed Descent'). Ao partir da mistura ao acaso de sementes de progênies com igual número de autofecundações sucessivas foram obtidas cinco populações denominadas de população S1 a população S5. Foram sete tratamentos (híbrido Natsu suzumi, populações S0 a S5) e o delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis e quatro repetições no primeiro e segundo experimento, respectivamente e cinco plantas por parcela nos dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento (frutos imaturos) foram avaliados, número de folhas, comprimento da haste principal, número e massa de frutos, total e comercial, número de nós e porcentagem de brotações. No segundo experimento (frutos maduros) avaliaram-se características relacionadas com produção (número e massa de sementes por planta e por fruto) e qualidade de sementes (teste padrão de germinação, primeira contagem de sementes, índice de velocidade de germinação, massa de 100 sementes). Foram realizadas as análises de variância para cada característica, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (%). Também foram realizados análises de variância apenas com as seis... / Two experiments were set up at FCA/UNESP. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inbreeding depression with successive generations of self pollination in a cucumber Japanese population. It was studied one population F2 obtained from a commercial hybrid (Natsu suzumi) considered as S0 population. In the first experiment were appraised characteristics of production of immature fruits in the period of 21/08/2002 to 29/11/2002 in protected cultivation. In the second experiment were appraised seed production and quality in the period of 12/03/2003 to 13/06/2003 in open field conditions. It was obtained progenies S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 through the 'Single Seed Descent' methodology. It was used randomized blocks with seven treatments (different generations of self pollination - S0 to S5 and the hybrid Natsu suzumi) six and four replicates in the first and second experiment and five plants per plot in both. In the first experiment (immature fruits) were evaluated number of leaves, length of the main stem, number and weight of fruits, total and commercial, number of nodes and vines percentage. In the second experiment (mature fruit) characteristic related with production were evaluated (number and weight of seeds per plant and per fruit) and quality of seeds (germination test, first counted of seeds, index of germination speed and weight of 100 seeds). The variance analyses were accomplished each characteristic and the averages of the treatments were compared by the test of Tukey (%). Also accomplished just with the six inbreed generations to evaluate the possible inbreeding depression (without including the commercial hybrid). In the comparison among the population differences were not observed for the characteristics appraised showing there were not production loss for inbreeding in this population. However, for the characteristics length of the main stem, number of total fruit, weight of seeds per fruit and seed number per fruit the commercial.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pimenta_rs_dr_jabo.pdf: 1216495 bytes, checksum: 15b7183b860c530862c6b5d59b1b5a33 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A palmeira Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. é muito valorizada como ornamental. A propagação é por sementes, no entanto, há poucas informações sobre este processo. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar aspectos morfológicos e o efeito da temperatura, do substrato e do armazenamento na germinação de sementes de Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. O experimento foi realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista – FCAV/UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal - SP. Foram realizados 4 estudos: 1) aspectos morfológicos; 2) efeito da temperatura; sendo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado; com 6 tratamentos (temperatura do ambiente de laboratório, 25ºC, 30ºC, 35ºC, 20-30ºC e 25-35ºC); utilizou-se fibra de coco como substrato; 3) efeito do substrato; com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado; foram 4 tratamentos (fibra de coco, areia, vermiculita média e plantimax®); utilizou-se a temperatura de 30ºC; 4) efeito do armazenamento: o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado; foram 5 tratamentos (4 meses de armazenamento e semeadura em seguida à colheita); utilizou-se vermiculita média como substrato e temperatura do ambiente de laboratório. Para os estudos 2, 3 e 4 foram utilizados 4 repetições de 25 diásporos (semente com o endocarpo aderido). Foi determinado o teor de água em todas as condições. Para todos os estudos, exceto morfologia, a reposição de água nos substratos foi feita mantendo 100% da capacidade de retenção; foi feita a contagem de sementes germinadas a cada 2 dias adotando-se como critério de germinação o aparecimento do botão germinativo para determinação da porcentagem de germinação (%) e Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG). Para o estudo do efeito da temperatura e do substrato, foram anotados, ainda, ao final... / Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf is a palm highly valued as ornamental. The propagation is by seed. However, there is little information on this process. The objective of this work was to study the morphology, the effect of temperature, substrate and storage on germination of D. leptocheilos seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP/Jaboticabal. The 4 studies conducted were: 1) morphology; 2) temperature effect: the experimental design was randomized with 6 treatments (laboratory condition temperature, 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 35 ºC, 20-30 ºC and 25-35 ºC) and using coconut fiber as substrate; 3) substrate effect, the experimental design was randomized with 4 treatments (coconut fiber, sand, vermiculite and Plantmax ®) and using a temperature of 30 ºC; 4) storage effect: the experimental design was randomized with 5 treatments (4 months of storage and then sowing after harvest) and using vermiculite as substrate in laboratory condition temperature and 4 replications of 25 disseminules to study 2, 3 and 4. For all studies, except for morphology, water replacement in the substrate was made by keeping 100% of the capacity of retention and was made a count of germinated seeds every 2 days being adopted as a criterion of germination the germinative button. To study the effect of temperature and substrate were determined percentage of germination (%G), speed of germination index (SGI), leaf area (cm2), root length and shoot (cm), leaf dry mass (g) and root dry mass (g). The statistical analysis was performed (except for morphology) to study the effect of temperature and substrate, the means were compared using the Tukey test and for storage, polynomial regression was performed. It was concluded that germination of D. leptocheilos is adjacent ligular type, and the condition that provided the greatest percentage and speed of seed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mad_dr_jabo.pdf: 2551421 bytes, checksum: 14b3150be12584541a174906915746be (MD5) / Durante o envelhecimento das sementes, a redução do potencial fisiológico é conseqüência do processo de deterioração que pode levar a alterações na anatomia da testa, as quais tendem a interferir no processo de embebição, e conseqüentemente, no potencial fisiológico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar anatomicamente a testa de sementes de dois cultivares de soja, por intermédio do uso da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, após o envelhecimento acelerado e o armazenamento, assim como o seu potencial fisiológico. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, no primeiro os tratamentos consistiram de cinco períodos de envelhecimento acelerado (0, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas) a 42°C e, aproximadamente, 100% de umidade relativa do ar. Findo os períodos de envelhecimento foram avaliados o teor de água das sementes e a germinação; e, posteriormente, após secagem em estufa com circulação de ar, seções transversais da testa de 10 sementes de cada tratamento foram eletromicrografadas. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos constaram do armazenamento das sementes, em câmara fria e ambiente de laboratório, e três períodos de avaliação, zero, três e seis meses, com avaliações do teor de água, da germinação, do vigor (comprimento de plântula, matéria seca, envelhecimento acelerado, frio, condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântula), da anatomia da testa, com o uso da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Houve a redução do potencial germinativo e o aumento do colapso das células da camada hipodérmica da testa, de ambas as cultivares, à medida que o período de envelhecimento acelerado aumentou. O teste de condutividade elétrica detectou diferenças significativas entre os períodos de armazenamento para as sementes armazenadas em laboratório, para as duas cultivares... / During the aging of the seeds, the reduction of the physiologic potential is consequence of the deterioration process that can lead to alterations in the anatomy of the coat, which tend to interfere in the process of imbibition, and consequently, in the physiologic potential of the seed. The present work had as objective to evaluate anatomically the coat of seeds of two soybean cultivars, through the use of the scanning electron microscopy, after the accelerated aging and the storage, as well as the physiologic potential. Two experiments were conducted, in the first, treatments consisted of five periods of accelerated aging (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) at 42oC and approximately 100% of relative humidity of the air. At the end of the aging periods, the water content of the seeds and the germination percentage were appraised; later, after drying process in oven with air circulation, traverse sections of 10 seedcoat of each treatment were eletromicrographed. In the experiment two, the treatments consisted of the storage of the seeds in two different conditions: cold ambient and laboratory conditions, and three evaluation instances zero, three and six months, respectively, after, of storage. At these occasions, the following determinations were made: water content, seed germination, and vigor evaluated by the tests: seedlings length, dry matter, accelerated aging, cold, electric conductivity and seedlings field emergence. The evaluation of the anatomy of the coat with the use of the scanning electron microscopy followed the same procedure of the experiment 1. There were reduction of the germination potential and increase of the colapse of the hypodermic layer of the coat, of both cultivars, as the period of accelerated aging increased. The storage of the seeds for six months, under cold ambient and under laboratory, conditions can influence a larger collapse of the hypodermic layer of the coat... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vechiato_mh_dr_botfca.pdf: 1951086 bytes, checksum: 3601f634d2920c34d704cb5312055b13 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivos a) desenvolver um método eficiente, rápido e de fácil aplicação na detecção e na identificação de Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis (Dphm), em sementes de soja utilizando-se a técnica de reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR); b) comparar PCR com os métodos rotineiros de patologia de sementes. Os resultados sugerem que pode haver uma identificação equivocada, quando se utiliza este parâmetro na diferenciação do agente causal do cancro da haste da soja, com outras espécies de Diaporthe presentes em sementes; b) pela coloração das colônias nos meios de cultura BDA e Czapeck, os isolados de Dphm e Dph foram agrupados em 9 classes. Em meio Czapeck, todas as colônias identificadas como Dphm, foram agrupadas nas classes 8 e 9, apresentando um padrão micelial lanoso (tipo feltro), exceto o isolado 46; c) pelo crescimento micelial não foi possível distinguir Dphm de Dph. Comparando-se os métodos do papel de filtro modificado com 2,4D, plaqueamento em BDA e sementes em papel de filtro com 2,4D, associado a PCR, para detecção e identificação de Dphm, visando distinguí-lo de outras espécies presentes nas sementes, conclui-se que o método mais confiável foi o de incubação das sementes em papel de filtro com 2,4D associado a PCR. Em relação ao melhor método de extração de DNA, em sementes colonizadas por Dph., foi o da lavagem das sementes com STE e purificação do DNA com a resina de sílica gel da Wizard (Promega). / The objective of this research was to develop, an easy, quick and efficient method for detection and identification of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis (Dphm), in soybean seeds, using the polimerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and methods routinely used in seed pathology. The results suggest that there can be a mistake when using this parameter to distinguish the causal agent of the stem canker from other species of Diaporthe; b)color of the colonies in PDA and Czapeck medium, Dphm and the of Diaporthe spp. (Dph) isolates were grouped in 9 classes. In Czapeck medium, all isolates identified as Dphm, were grouped in classes 8 and 9, showing wooled micelial pattern (like felt), except isolate 46; c) basead on the micelial growth it was not possible to distinguish Dphm from Dph. For detection and identification of Dphm of other Dph species in the seeds, the most reliable method was the modified blotter test with 2,4D associated with PCR. In Dph colonized seeds, the best method of DNA extraction was seed washing with STE and DNA purification using Wizard (Promega) silica gel resin.