The #MeToo movement was described as a revolution that emphasized sexual abuse as a societal problem, and that the movement would result in an increased focus on the rape victim. However, whether this change can be identified in news media is unclear which motivates this study. The study consists of 75 cases (news articles) analyzed on the basis of Fairclough's critical discourse analysis that recognizes news articles as three-dimensional; the news article is a text, a discursive practice and also a social practice. By critically examining how Swedish newspapers portray rape, the rape victim and the rapist in relation to the theory of the ideal victim, before (years 2006-2017), during (years 2017-2018) and after (years 2019-2021) the #MeToo movement, this study aims to examine whether or not the rape discourse has developed and if so, how.  The study's conclusions are that although it is possible to identify certain positive changes that can be interpreted as an increased focus on the rape victims, the news articles are primarily characterized by continuities. Furthermore, this study emphasizes news media as an influential social actor which maintains prevailing expectations about rape, the rape victim and the rapist. By small means, such as constructing the theorem as passive instead of active, the media conveys a view of rape as a natural phenomenon which complicates the claim of responsibility and constitutes an obstacle to solving men's violence against women.

Bakgrund: Forskningen visar att brottsoffer och förövare ofta är samma personoch att utsättas för gatuvåld som ung kan leda till både kortvarig och långvarigpsykisk påverkan inom en rad olika problemområden. Syfte: Att undersöka vuxnaindividers upplevelse och uppfattning av att ha blivit utsatt för gatuvåld som ung,med fokus på rättsväsendet, brottsofferstöd, psykisk ohälsa, kriminalitet,bearbetning och behov. Metod: Denna studie är kvalitativ, med utgångspunkt ifenomenografi och fenomenologi. Materialet består av fyra semistruktureradedjupintervjuer och analysen har utgått från systematisk textkondensering.Resultat: Det framgår att alla informanterna har fått någon form av långvarigpsykisk påverkan, som depression, självmedicinering, irrationella rädslor, PTSDsymtom, sömnproblem, bristande tillit, extra vaksamhet, självskadebeteende. Detsom utmärker sig är att de som har fått minst sammanslaget stöd samtidigt har fåttmest psykisk påverkan och upplever sig ha blivit dåligt bemötta av rättsväsendet.Det framgår inga indikationer på att informanterna har blivit våldsamma ellerpåbörjat en kriminell karriär efter att ha varit utsatta för våldsbrott. Slutsats: Detär viktigt att rättsväsendet och verksamheter som arbetar för brottsoffer arbetarutifrån en enhetlig organisation där alla ungdomar som har utsatts för brott får ettindividanpassat stöd under rättsprocessens samtliga led, med uppföljandesamtalupp till ett år efter händelsen. Att lägga extra kraft och resurser i ett tidigt skedekommer sannolikt att minska psykisk ohälsa och kostnader för samhället i ettlångsiktigt perspektiv. / Background: Research shows that the victim and the perpetrator often is the sameperson, and to be assaulted can lead to prolonged as well as brief psychologicaleffects within several areas of concern. Objective: The purpose of this study is toexplore adult’s experience and perception of having been exposed to streetviolence in their teens, focusing on the judicial system, victim support, mentalillness, processing and needs. Methods: This study is qualitative, with the startingpoint in phenomenography and phenomenology. The material consists of foursemi structured in-depth interviews, the analysis proceeding from systematic textcondensation. Results: All the informants have some form of long-term mentalinfluence, such as depression, self-medication, irrational fears, PTSD symptoms,sleep problems, lack of trust and extra vigilance. What stands out is that thosewho have received less aggregated support also are those who have the greatestpsychological impact while experiencing poor response from the judiciary. Thereare no indications of the informants turning violent or having started a criminalcareer after their experience of been exposed to violent crimes. Conclusion: Itseems that it is utmost important that the judiciary and units that support youngvictims work from an unified organization and that all young people subjected tocrimes should receive personalized support throughout the whole legal processwith follow-up talks up to one year after the event. Adding extra power andresources at an early stage will probably reduce problems with mental health andcosts in a long-term perspective.

Socialt arbete har en viktig roll i att förstå utsattheten och effekterna av mäns våld mot kvinnor. För att klara av att stötta kvinnor som har drabbats av våldet är kunskap om rättsprocessen ett viktigt verktyg. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka kvinnojourspersonals erfarenheter av rättsprocessens påverkan på våldsutsatta kvinnor. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med tematisk analys av de intervjuer som genomförts med personalen. Det sociala arbetets perspektiv på rättsprocessen har synliggjort vad som behövs för att ge våldsutsatta kvinnor som genomgår en rättsprocess det stöd de är i behov av och har rätt till. Resultatet visar att bemötandet från professioner inom rättsväsendet kan bidra till det erkännande som krävs för att stärka kvinnans självbild, vilket i förlängningen kan hjälpa henne att frigöra sig från våldets konsekvenser och medverka till en förändring av sin situation. Samtidigt kan ett bemötande som missaktar riskera en försämring av kvinnans självbild, vilket hindrar möjligheten till trygghet och självaktning som kan få konsekvensen av att det blir svårare att ta sig ur våldet. Erkännandet eller uteblivandet av detsamma, påverkar därför kvinnans syn på sig själv både som individ och som medlem i ett samhälle. Det faktum att kvinnans mest privata blir offentligt när en rättsprocess drar igång kan leda till både erkännande och missaktning beroende på vilket bemötande som uppstår. Studien ger en fördjupad förståelse av bemötandets påverkan på våldsutsatta kvinnor som genomgår en rättsprocess.

Every day people are exposed to crimes in Sweden, which can lead to both emotional and practical difficulties. Having the opportunity to get support and help after a traumatic incident can reduce the negative consequences of a crime, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and secondary victimization. In many communities in Sweden there are local support services for the crime victims, but in the district of Östra Norrbotten there are no support activities that specifically address this issue. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if the police in Östra Norrbotten feel that they can offer the crime victim sufficient support or refer to such support. Eight police officers in the district were interviewed to learn about their experiences. The results show that the majority of respondents felt that there are gaps in the field they can´t provide the crime victims to a support that they deem as sufficient or refer to such support. The fact that crime victims do not receive support can lead to negative impact on the recovery from all events. / <p>Validerat; 20130317 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

The objective of this study is to examine how professionals approach women that have experienced intimate partner rape. Sexual abuse is an area that has seen an upswing of interest in later years partly thanks to samtyckeslagen (the consent law) and #metoo. At the same time the field is full of misinterpretations and old prejudice that sometimes risks leading to poor professional approach from the professionals. Secondary victimization is an effect of the poor approach that means that the women feel victimized again but by the professionals instead of the perpetrator. Though the area has gained more scientific traction in later years there are still many questions remaining and gaps in knowledge to examine. Through this study we have found that the women continuously experience approaches that makes them feel victimized. We have also found that a lot of the victimization is based in old belief connected to rape myths, the belief that a rape looks a certain way and therefore also that the victim of rape is a certain way. At the same time the women also describe that some professionals have been absolutely essential to their healing. This imbalance in approach is also evident in the earlier research that we have found. Our analysis also found that secondary victimization doesn’t only happen in the meeting between the women and the professionals. The choice of wording in the documentation after the meeting have also proven to be able to wake feelings of both shame and pride with the women. It also became evident that the women that had been exposed to secondary victimization in some cases would go to long lengths to avoid further contact with professionals. This finding means that the secondary victimization risks preventing the authority from helping these women in the future.