Sun Yat-sen used six propaganda techniques in the United States to help overthrow the Ching Dynasty in 1911: (a) individual propaganda to gain supporters through personal contact and individual persuasion; (b) propaganda of deed to solicit donations and to mobilize his supporters for military actions; (c) travel propaganda to broaden the base of revolutionary support; (d) newspaper propaganda to publicize and explain his revolutionary program; (e) debate propaganda to refute antirevolutionary criticism through speeches and pamphlets; and (f) missionary propaganda to seek sympathy and support from American missionaries and Christians.

The thesis provides a comparative analysis of the American Dream's concept in the two essential pieces of American literature: Francis Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Norman Mailer's An American Dream. The theoretical part of the text focuses on the general definition of the American Dream and its development throughout the history of the United States. It aims at exposing the close relationship of the idea of the American Dream and the American national consciousness in terms of self-reliance, individualism and freedom. The analytical part concentrates on isolating the individual literary motifs of each novel that can be regarded as related to the notion of the American Dream. It discusses the central characters as well as dramatic aspects of The Great Gatsby and An American Dream in order to prove the American Dream to represent an essential theme in their literary frameworks. As a conclusion the thesis presents the opinion that each author elaborates this theme differently. Both novels, however, expose the individual version of the American Dream as being defeated in a struggle against the collective nature of the 20th century American society restricting the efforts of an individual for his or her self-realization. Keywords: Norman Mailer, An American Dream, Francis Scott Fitzgerald,...

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a variabilidade e tendência dos elementos climáticos pluviosidade e temperatura, em quatro localidades do estado de São Paulo - Pirassununga, Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão -, que constituem parte da área de treinamento de voo da Academia da Força Aérea, para confirmar a hipótese de que essas alterações indicam indícios de mudanças climáticas de curto prazo, em escala local e que essas mudanças poderão afetar, no futuro, o planejamento das missões de treinamento de voo na AFA. Para isso foram utilizados, primeiramente, os dados mensais e anuais de temperatura e pluviosidade de uma série temporal de 34 anos (1976 a 2009) e, depois, de uma série mais curta, de 16 anos (1994 a 2009). Para a análise das condições climáticas de São Carlos, Rio Claro e São Simão foram utilizados os dados mensais e anuais de temperatura e pluviosidade de uma série temporal de 16 anos (1994 a 2009). Para efeito da análise estatística da variabilidade climática da temperatura e pluviosidade dentro da série temporal escolhida, foram aplicados os cálculos da média aritmética, do desvio padrão, do coeficiente de variação e da amplitude térmica. Para a análise da tendência, aplicou-se a técnica da regressão linear e os testes estatísticos não-paramétricos, conhecidos como testes de Mann-Kendall e Curvatura de Sen. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a variabilidade mensal e anual da pluviosidade para as quatro localidade é semelhante e bem acentuada e que não existem tendências significativas para essa variável nas quatro localidades. Para as temperaturas em Pirassununga, a temperatura média apresentou grande variabilidade mensal. Para Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão a variabilidade anual das temperaturas foi baixa, próxima da estabilidade, com exceção da temperatura mínima, que apresentou grande variabilidade para as três localidades. Quanto à tendência para Pirassununga, apenas a temperatura média apresentou tendência decrescente e significativa. Os resultados obtidos para as temperaturas de Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão indicam tendências crescentes e/ou decrescentes, mas todas insignificantes. / The aim of this research is to study the variability and tendency in climatic elements, rainfall and temperature in four cities in the state of São Paulo: Pirassununga, Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão which are part of the flight training area of the Air Force Academy, in order to confirm the hypothesis that those alterations indicate signs of climatic variations in the short term, according to the local parameters and that those variations may change the schedule of the flight training missions at AFA. Monthly and annual data regarding to temperature and rainfall, recorded during a period of 34 years (1976-2009) were firstly considered during the study, followed by a shorter period of 16 years (1994-2009). In order to analyze the climatic conditions in São Carlos, Rio Claro and São Simão, monthly and annual data about temperature and rainfall collected during a period of 16 years (1994-2009) were considered. For purposes of statistical analysis of the climatic variability of temperature and rainfall within the chosen period of time, calculation of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and temperature range were applied. In order to analyze such tendency, the linear regression model and non-parametric statistical tests, known as Mann-Kendall and Sen Curvature were applied. The results of the research showed that the monthly and annual variability of the rainfall in the four cities is similar and well marked and that there are not significant tendencies in that variable in the four cities. Relating to temperature in Pirassununga, the average temperature showed large monthly variability. In Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão, the annual temperature variability was low, tending to be stable, except for the minimum temperature which showed a large variability. Concerning to Pirassununga, just the average temperature tended to be decreasing and significant. The results obtained for the temperatures in Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão tended to be increasing and/or decreasing, but such tendencies were irrelevant.

Esta pesquisa partiu da seguinte indagação: o cooperativismo promove o desenvolvimento do Estado do Tocantins? Como pressuposto entedia-se que o cooperativismo atuava como agente de desenvolvimento no estado, tendo em vista as várias comprovações empíricas e teóricas relacionadas ao papel do cooperativismo no desenvolvimento. A partir disso, propôs-se a analisar o papel do cooperativismo no desenvolvimento do Estado do Tocantins, no período entre janeiro de 1989 a setembro 2016, na percepção dos principais atores do movimento no estado. Os objetivos específicos foram: 1) Identificar os principais acontecimentos que marcaram o cooperativismo no Estado do Tocantins; 2) Identificar as contribuições das cooperativas para o desenvolvimento do Estado do Tocantins; e 3) Identificar os desafios e o potencial do cooperativismo para o futuro no estado. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa e que se classifica como pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Nas entrevistas foram utilizadas as técnicas bola de neve e saturação teórica (ao final foram entrevistadas doze pessoas). Adotou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo para análise dos dados, que aconteceu por meio de três categorias de analise de grade fechada (Eventos, Papel do Cooperativismo no Desenvolvimento do Estado do Tocantins e Cooperativismo no Futuro).Nos resultados,tornou-se evidente que o cooperativismo tocantinense está atuando na promoção do desenvolvimento do estado (em resposta à indagação inicial e confirmando o pressuposto). Pode-se afirmar que o cooperativismo promove o desenvolvimento do Estado do Tocantins em várias dimensões (social, econômica, política e cultural). Em suma, ainda existem grandes desafios para o cooperativismo tocantinense. A despeito disso ele vem ocupando lugar de destaque na promoção do desenvolvimento no estado e já possui cooperativas consolidadas com grande capacidade para continuar promovendo o desenvolvimento, assim como um amplo processo de inclusão social. / This research started with the following question: Does cooperative business promote the development of the state of Tocantins? As presupposed, it was understoodthat cooperative business acted as a development agent in the state, in view of the various empirical and theoretical evidences related to the role of the cooperative business in the development. From this, it was proposed to analyze the role of cooperative business in the development of the state of Tocantins, in the period of January 1989 and September 2016, in the perception of the main performers of the movement in the state. The specific objectives were: 1) To identify the main events that marked the cooperative business in the State of Tocantins; 2) Identify the contributions of cooperatives to the development of the State of Tocantins; 3) Identify the challenges and potential of cooperative business for the future of the state. It is a qualitative study that is classified as a descriptive-exploratory research, developed through bibliographical research, documentary and semi-structured interviews. In the interviews were used the techniques: snowball and theoretical saturation (at the end were interviewed twelve people). It was used the content analysis technique for data analysis, which happened through three categories of closed grid (Events, Role of Cooperatives in the Development of the State of Tocantins and Cooperatives in the Future). In the results it became evident that the cooperative business of Tocantins is working for the development of the state (in answer to the first question and confirming the presupposed). It can be said that cooperative business promotes the development of the state of Tocantins in various dimensions (social, economic, political and cultural). In short, there are still great challenges for the Cooperatives of Tocantins, although it has been prominent in promoting development in the state, and already has consolidated cooperatives with great capacity to continue promoting the development, with a broad process of social inclusion.

APPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN TEACHER UNIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF UNION MEMBERS Bagci, Abdullah M.S., Department of Educational Administration and Planning Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Hasan SimSek September 2009, 123 pages The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of teacher unions and provide feedback to union managements, members of the unions, teachers, academics and education officials concerning TQM applications in teacher unions by investigating the implementation degree of TQM principles in teacher unions in Ankara. Several studies have been done on the implementation of TQM in the field of education mainly for state/private schools and state/private universities / nevertheless, no researches have been carried out regarding TQM applications in teacher unions which is an important stakeholder in Turkish education system with more than 400.000 members. A Total Quality Management Questionnaire was developed by the researcher based on the existing literature on basic TQM principles to be applied to union members in state schools in Ankara. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data obtained. The results revealed no difference between Egitim-Sen and T&uuml / rk Egitim-Sen members&rsquo / perceptions concerning the application of 38 TQM proposals in their unions. However, Mann-Whitney U results yielded significant differences on the application of 16 TQM proposals included in the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics results also revealed that more than half of the union members were not aware whether the TQM proposals were applied in their unions or not and about 40% of the members participated in the study perceive that TQM principles are implemented in their unions. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Teacher Unions, Egitim-Sen and T&uuml / rk Egitim-Sen

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar a variabilidade e tendência dos elementos climáticos pluviosidade e temperatura, em quatro localidades do estado de São Paulo - Pirassununga, Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão -, que constituem parte da área de treinamento de voo da Academia da Força Aérea, para confirmar a hipótese de que essas alterações indicam indícios de mudanças climáticas de curto prazo, em escala local e que essas mudanças poderão afetar, no futuro, o planejamento das missões de treinamento de voo na AFA. Para isso foram utilizados, primeiramente, os dados mensais e anuais de temperatura e pluviosidade de uma série temporal de 34 anos (1976 a 2009) e, depois, de uma série mais curta, de 16 anos (1994 a 2009). Para a análise das condições climáticas de São Carlos, Rio Claro e São Simão foram utilizados os dados mensais e anuais de temperatura e pluviosidade de uma série temporal de 16 anos (1994 a 2009). Para efeito da análise estatística da variabilidade climática da temperatura e pluviosidade dentro da série temporal escolhida, foram aplicados os cálculos da média aritmética, do desvio padrão, do coeficiente de variação e da amplitude térmica. Para a análise da tendência, aplicou-se a técnica da regressão linear e os testes estatísticos não-paramétricos, conhecidos como testes de Mann-Kendall e Curvatura de Sen. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a variabilidade mensal e anual da pluviosidade para as quatro localidade é semelhante e bem acentuada e que não existem tendências significativas para essa variável nas quatro localidades. Para as temperaturas em Pirassununga, a temperatura média apresentou grande variabilidade mensal. Para Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão a variabilidade anual das temperaturas foi baixa, próxima da estabilidade, com exceção da temperatura mínima, que apresentou grande variabilidade para as três localidades. Quanto à tendência para Pirassununga, apenas a temperatura média apresentou tendência decrescente e significativa. Os resultados obtidos para as temperaturas de Rio Claro, São Carlos e São Simão indicam tendências crescentes e/ou decrescentes, mas todas insignificantes. / The aim of this research is to study the variability and tendency in climatic elements, rainfall and temperature in four cities in the state of São Paulo: Pirassununga, Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão which are part of the flight training area of the Air Force Academy, in order to confirm the hypothesis that those alterations indicate signs of climatic variations in the short term, according to the local parameters and that those variations may change the schedule of the flight training missions at AFA. Monthly and annual data regarding to temperature and rainfall, recorded during a period of 34 years (1976-2009) were firstly considered during the study, followed by a shorter period of 16 years (1994-2009). In order to analyze the climatic conditions in São Carlos, Rio Claro and São Simão, monthly and annual data about temperature and rainfall collected during a period of 16 years (1994-2009) were considered. For purposes of statistical analysis of the climatic variability of temperature and rainfall within the chosen period of time, calculation of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and temperature range were applied. In order to analyze such tendency, the linear regression model and non-parametric statistical tests, known as Mann-Kendall and Sen Curvature were applied. The results of the research showed that the monthly and annual variability of the rainfall in the four cities is similar and well marked and that there are not significant tendencies in that variable in the four cities. Relating to temperature in Pirassununga, the average temperature showed large monthly variability. In Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão, the annual temperature variability was low, tending to be stable, except for the minimum temperature which showed a large variability. Concerning to Pirassununga, just the average temperature tended to be decreasing and significant. The results obtained for the temperatures in Rio Claro, São Carlos and São Simão tended to be increasing and/or decreasing, but such tendencies were irrelevant.

Abstract  Even though there have been enormous efforts towards the inclusive practices of young children with special educational needs (SEN) globally. Young children with SEN might still have different experiences related to their integration in mainstream environments depending on each school, municipality, country, and country. The study is aimed at exploring the teacher’s accounts of how children with SEN are integrated socially into practice in a mainstream school environment. It also investigates the main challenges faced by special needs children inside their classrooms, as reported by teachers working at one of the mainstream primary schools. The study was based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with five primary school teachers and teaching assistants. Thematic structural analysis was used to identify the study's main themes. These themes were focused on; a) the teachers’ accounts in relation to the social integration among primary school children (with and without) SEN, b) the participation of children with SEN in the social activities of the primary mainstream school, and c) the communication challenges encountered in the teacher/student interactions.  The teachers’ accounts in relation to the social integration among primary school children showed different benefits for children with and without SEN, as well as challenges which act as barriers to the children’s social integration in a mainstream school. The results further showed that the children's participation in the social activities of mainstream school was not as presumed within a mainstream school environment, one of the reasons was the restrictions of Covid 19. Finally, the main challenge encountered in the teachers- students' relations was related to the communication difficulties of children with SEN. In a mainstream school, the social integration of young children with SEN is challenged by several factors that act as barriers to their fullest social involvement.

Cette thèse s’inscrit au sein de la littérature des théories modernes et contemporaines de la justice sociale, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la question de l’égalité et à la manière dont elle s’est affirmée en tant que préoccupation fondamentale pour ces théories. En s’appuyant essentiellement sur les travaux d’Amartya Sen, d’Emmanuel Levinas et de G.W.F. Hegel, il est suggéré que l’égalité constitue la condition de possibilité de la justice, et ainsi de la liberté, cette dernière étant affirmée comme l’objet de la justice. Ce travail tend également à envisager les limites d’une telle conception : le premier chapitre permet d’affirmer la relation d’interdépendance des valeurs de liberté et d’égalité au regard de la justice sociale en démontrant la nécessité d’un principe d’égalité par l’argument de la raison humaine. Le second chapitre approfondit l’argument de l’impartialité, tel que développé par Sen. De là, le troisième chapitre déploie la nécessité d’une médiation institutionnelle dans la lutte pour la reconnaissance, centrale aux questions de liberté, tout en montrant les insuffisances de l’égalité. Enfin, le dernier chapitre montre, à l’aide de Levinas les dérives totalisantes de l’égalité, malgré sa nécessité pratique, insistant par là même sur la nécessité d’une méthode dialectique pour penser la justice. Finalement, l’idée principale est d’investiguer la tension qui caractérise la justice sociale : la justice ne peut être réduite à l’égalité, bien que cette dernière soit supposée l’une de ses conditions nécessaires. / This thesis comes within the scope of the literature of modern and contemporary social justice theories, while focusing on the question of equality and the way it became a fundamental concern for these theories. Essentially relying on Amartya Sen’s, Emmanuel Levinas’ and GW.F. Hegel’s works, it suggests a conception of equality as the condition of possibility of justice, and thus of freedom, this one being assumed as the object of social justice. It also aims at foreseeing the limits of such a conception: the first chapter asserts the relation of interdependency that exists between the values of freedom and equality regarding distributive issues, by showing the necessity of a principle of equality through the argument of human reason. The second chapter deepens the argument of impartiality, as developed by Sen. From there, the third chapter deploys the necessity of an institutional mediation in the struggle for recognition, central to freedom issues, while showing the limits of the principle of equality. Finally, the last chapter, based on Levinas’ thought, displays the totalitarian drifts of equality, despite its practical necessity, thus insisting on the need of aVersion juillet 2016 3 / 2dialectical method to think of justice. Eventually, the main idea is to investigate the tension that seems to characterize social justice: justice cannot be reduced to equality, although it is assumed as one of its necessary conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Barbosa Correa Junior.pdf: 4162973 bytes, checksum: 05ccad5e222e000a4e598f776f300fe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / In recent decades, as well as wealth, health, quality of life, safety or education, the concept of development reaches a new paradigm by including a key variable, represented by the question of intergenerational preservation of the environment. Thus, a modern concept of sustainable development gains strength. The concept of development is to express ethical and economic aspirations of equitable, balanced and sustainable goods and benefits, or produced and offered by the planet. It is observed, moreover, a heterogeneity in the conceptual drawing tools and indicators of the evaluation of development. In view of Amartya Sen, development is not described as an increase in aggregate income of a nation or a per capita income of the population, but as the expansion of the freedoms that individuals enjoy. The increased freedom includes both the means and the end of development, because the expansion of freedom leads to the development and the development of society, in turn, promotes increased freedoms. Amartya Sen highlights five instrumental freedoms construed as rights and opportunities that help promote overall capacity of a person: political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees and protective security. In this context, the general objective of this study is to comparatively study, based on archival research and bibliography, a list of new indicators of development, analyzed and synthesized from the five instrumental freedoms of Amartya Sen. The results meet the proposed objectives and may well be a model in the discussion on the construction, analysis and use of new indicators of development / Nas últimas décadas, além da riqueza, saúde, qualidade de vida, segurança ou educação, a concepção do desenvolvimento alcança um novo paradigma ao incluir uma variável fundamental, representada pela questão intergeracional da preservação do meio ambiente. Sendo assim, uma moderna concepção de um desenvolvimento sustentável ganha força. A concepção do desenvolvimento passa a exprimir anseios éticos e econômicos de uma distribuição equitativa, equilibrada e sustentável dos bens e benefícios produzidos e ou oferecidos pelo planeta. Observa-se, por outro lado, uma heterogeneidade conceitual na elaboração de ferramentas e indicadores da avaliação desse desenvolvimento. Na perspectiva de Amartya Sen, o desenvolvimento não é descrito como um aumento da renda agregada de uma nação ou de uma renda per capita da população, mas sim como a ampliação das liberdades que os indivíduos desfrutam. O aumento da liberdade compreende tanto o meio quanto o fim do desenvolvimento, pois a ampliação das liberdades leva ao desenvolvimento e o desenvolvimento da sociedade, por sua vez, promove a ampliação das liberdades. Amartya Sen destaca cinco liberdades instrumentais entendidas como direitos e oportunidades que ajudam a promover a capacidade geral de uma pessoa: as liberdades políticas, as facilidades econômicas, as oportunidades sociais, as garantias de transparência e a segurança protetora. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é o de estudar comparativamente, com base em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, um rol de novos indicadores de desenvolvimento, analisados e sintetizados a partir das cinco liberdades instrumentais de Amartya Sen. Os resultados obtidos atendem aos objetivos propostos e podem vir a constituir um modelo na discussão sobre a construção, análise e utilização de novos indicadores de desenvolvimento

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att belysa hur individer med funktionsnedsättning skapar sin förmågodeprivation, ”capability deprivation”, i relation till de möjligheter till utveckling som framkallas av strukturella och personliga faktorer. Förmågodeprivation innebär att människan upplever brist på friheter och rättigheter för att använda sina förmågor till att nå sina personliga mål. Dessa mål kan vara av ekonomisk, social och kulturell karaktär och kan betyda en utveckling hos individen som denne värderar högt. När förmågodeprivation uppstår likställs den med fattigdom. Denna uppsats är teoretiskt inriktad då den byggs på förmågoperspektiv, ”capability approach”, som är ett teoretiskt ramverk som används bland annat för att bedöma individens möjlighet till utveckling. Tidigare forskning som hänvisas här har som huvudfokus individens förmågor i förhållande till sin omgivning vilket anses som relevant till studieområdet. En egen analysmodell för att tolka empirin, det vill säga det insamlade materialet, har utvecklats med hjälp av den teoretiska ramen och tidigare forskningen. Analysmodellen tar hänsyn till strukturella, sociala och individuella faktorer vilka har delats in i mikro-, mellan- respektive makronivå. Dessa i sin tur utgör informationsbasen för att analysera det insamlade materialet och kan tala om huruvida människor med funktionsnedsättning upplever förmogodeprivation i de olika nivåerna. Empirin har samlats med hjälp av kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer med personer med fysisk funktionsnedsättning som bor i Stockholm. Resultaten tyder på att målgruppen kan uppleva förmågodeprivation huvudsakligen på grund av strukturella och sociala faktorer som utgör mellan- och makronivån, vilket i sin tur påverkar funktionsnedsatta även inom mikronivån. / The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how individuals with disabilities construct their capability deprivation in relation to the opportunities for development created by structural and personal factors. Capability deprivation means that people perceive a lack of freedoms and rights to use their talents to achieve their personal goals. These goals may be of economic, social and cultural nature and may involve the development of the individual that he or she values high. When capability deprivation occurs it is equated with poverty. This paper has a theoretically orientation since is based on the Capability approach which is a framework that is used, among other things, to assess the individual's opportunity for development. The previous researches cited in this paper have as their main focus the capabilities of the individual in relation to their environment, which is considered relevant to the study area. An analytical model to interpret the empirical data has been developed with the help of the theoretical framework and previous research. This analytical model takes into account the structural, social and individual factors which have been divided into micro, medium and macro level. These in its turn form the information base for analyzing the collected material and can tell us whether people with disabilities experience deprivation of their capabilities in the different levels. Empirical data were collected using qualitative methods like interviews with people with physical disabilities living in Stockholm. The results suggest that the target grupp can experience capability deprivation mainly due to structural and social factors that account for midel- and macro-level, which in its turn affects people with disabilitiesalso in the micro-level.