[pt] O atual estudo investigou quais categorias formais e sociais estariam envolvidas no processo migratório recente de imigrantes senegaleses em Porto Alegre. O objetivo é demonstrar a dificuldade de se definir um imigrante de maneira homogênea, visto que há fatores sociais, culturais e jurídicos em jogo. Baseando-se em extenso trabalho de campo junto à comunidade, a tese trata de temas como o perfil dos imigrantes, razões de saída do Senegal, projeto migratório, escolha do Brasil como destino, inserção no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, além de questões de moradia, associativismo civil e religião. Conclui que diversas categorias estão envolvidas no processo migratório para além das relevantes questões políticas, humanitárias e econômicas. Os novos fluxos Sul-Sul diferenciam-se daqueles tradicionalmente destinados ao Brasil. A chegada de imigrantes negros, senegaleses e muçulmanos, traz à tona antigos preconceitos e estigmas vinculados ao imaginário brasileiro e novas possibilidades para refletir, por exemplo, sobre a noção de uma cultura de emigração em tempos de globalização. O estudo de caso aqui apresentado permite perceber de que maneira os diversos fluxos de imigrantes merecem atenção em suas realidades migratórios específicas, visto que há categorias sociais e formais envolvidas no process dependendo de quem é, de onde vem e para onde vai. / [en] The current study investigates formal and social categories involved in the recent migration process of Senegalese migrants in Porto Alegre. The objective is to demonstrate the difficulty of defining a migrant in a homogeneous way, since there are social, cultural and legal factors at stake. Based on extensive fieldwork with the community, the thesis deals with topics such as: migrant s profile, reasons for leaving Senegal, migration project, chosing Brazil as a destination, insertion in the Brazilian labor market, housing issues, civil associations and religion. Concludes that a number of categories are involved in the migration process beyond political, humanitarian and economic issues. The new South to South migration flows to Brazil differ from those traditionally historical ones. The arrival of black, Senegalese and Muslim migrants brings to the fore old prejudices and stigmas linked to the Brazilian imagination and therefore new possibilities for reflection, like the notion of a culture of emigration in times of globalization. The case study allows us to understand how the different migration flows deserve attention in their specific migration realities, since there are social and formal categories involved in the process depending on who they are, where they come from and where they are going.

No description available.

This thesis describes the wildlife resources of Senegal and a systems approach to how those resources can be managed. Based upon my 20 years experience in the Forest Service and the National Park Service, I made investigations through the literature, courses, seminars, conferences and interview in the United States and Senegal. The aim of the investigations was to gather wildlife resource-based data from Senegal, Africa, the United States, and other countries. This thesis is an effort to synthesize what is known about the forests and wildlife of Senegal and to describe a wildlife resource management system. The system is hypothesized to be a basis for organization, operations, and planning for the long-range management of the wildlife resources in the forests and shrublands of Senegal. The project described the country area. It described 4 key subsystems of the greater system to show what resources exist, and what is a system, and how a single pattern of analysis and design can result in efficiencies and increase productivity. The key subsystems are: (1) an Elephant Subsystem, (2) the National Park Subsystem, (3) a Hunting Areas Subsystem, (4) a Nature-Based Tourist Subsystem. The emphasis in each is on wildlife resources management. It is believed that most ideas developed in this study could be applied in the 8 Sahelian nations of West Africa and other African countries. / Master of Science

Since Senegal's independence in 1960, groundnuts (peanuts) have been the dominant agricultural export crop. Currently, groundnut output levels are on the decline and no clear reason for the downward trend has been found. Privatization efforts are underway as the government explores ways to breathe some life into the ailing sector, particularly as it relates to groundnut production. The 50 percent currency devaluation of 1994 constituted a major exogenous shock to the sector. Much research has been done about the macro-level impact of the changes that are taking place. However, little work has been done recently (i.e. since the devaluation) at the micro-level. This work addressed this lack by studying the micro-level dynamics of groundnut production. Elasticities were generated and used in the analysis of policy impacts on production. The own-price elasticity of supply groundnut indicated that supply response should be positive following an increase in producer price. The increase in producer prices following the devaluation did not occasion the expected supply response. Possible reasons for this failure were explored. It is hoped that the information revealed will complement the store of information on production in the Groundnut Basin that is already available. Thus, the present work will prove useful to public and private researchers and policy makers seeking to increase their understanding of the sector. / Master of Science

In international trade involving agricultural products, attempts to safeguard the health of humans, animals, and plants, have led to the imposition of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards. Due to the fact that groundnuts are susceptible to aflatoxin contamination, stringent aflatoxin standards have been imposed on groundnut trade by many developed countries. For Senegal and other groundnut exporters in the developing world, these aflatoxin standards pose a major challenge. As a result, in Senegal's confectionery groundnut sector, CIRAD (a French scientific organization) has commenced research aimed at developing an aflatoxin-reducing program. This study evaluates the potential economic impact of CIRAD's aflatoxin-reducing program. The hypotheses underlying the study are as follows: (i) The adoption of CIRAD's aflatoxin-reducing program would enhance the welfare of Senegal's confectionery groundnut farmers (ii) An overall welfare net-gain would be derived by Senegal from the adoption of the program. The analysis employs an economic surplus model that incorporates trade, as well as, domestic production and consumption. Various scenarios of program-effectiveness are examined. The results support the hypotheses of the study; besides enhancing farmers' welfare, the adoption of the aflatoxin-reducing program is expected to yield an overall net-gain ranging between US$0.56 million and US$4.25 million. The overall net-gain is, however, very small. / Master of Science

In 2002, at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) a plan emerged to restore the approximately 60% of global fish stocks, which have been fished to the brink of destruction, to biologically sustainable levels by 2015. This plan was made in an attempt to secure greater food security for many of the world's people. However, severe Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in many of the world's fisheries makes the realisation of such a plan difficult, especially in the developing context where there are little means for regulating ocean fishery usage effectively. This dissertation examines the nature of IUU fishing, and attempts to find possible solutions to this pervasive problem for many coastal states in the developing world. The methods employed by the study comprise a review of literature pertaining to both theoretical and practical dilemmas, as well as a more focussed examination on IUU fishing in Senegal. Using a process of inductive analysis the case is contrasted with the theory in view of finding routes to improved resource exploitation mechanisms in the region. The study concludes that the global over-fishing crisis may create a window of opportunity for developing countries in possession of such resources to better manage their fisheries and take advantage of possible comparative advantages in international trade in fish products, thus improving balance of payments problems. However in order to achieve this, as a first measure the problem of IUU fishing must be eradicated. / Thesis (M.Pol.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

xi, 112 p. / This thesis explores the effects of: 1) traditional values, 2) parental involvement, and 3) poverty on student performance. Instead of regarding tradition and poverty as obstacles, this paper argues that they can play a positive role in improving the educational quality. This thesis draws on interviews in three communities with administrators, teachers, students, parents, and elders. They show that traditional culture plays an important role in ensuring student motivation, but it is not clear which aspects of tradition will be incorporated into the curriculum, and by whom. My work also shows that parental involvement in schools is largely limited to fund-raising, and there is demand for more engagement. Finally, this project reveals that poverty is a double edge sword: it contributes to the school drop-out problem but also can serve as a tremendous source of personal motivation for students who want to help improve the economic condition of their families. / Committee in charge: Dennis Galvan, Chairperson; Stephen Wooten, Member; Kathie Carpenter, Member

En partant du postulat d’un processus de création des universités et centres de recherche mais également de la compréhension de l’action publique, cette thèse répond à la question de savoir comment se structure et se construit aujourd’hui le système d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche au Sénégal. Ce processus prend en compte l’intégration du système dans le contexte global de transformation du savoir, des universités et de la recherche.Se basant sur une méthode compréhensive – à travers des entretiens ciblés, de l’observation directe et de l’analyse de documents de référence – la thèse montre que cette dynamique de construction repose sur trois dimensions essentielles : l’héritage institutionnel ou colonial, l’héritage culturel et la logique marchande. Cette dernière logique autorise le déplacement des frontières tout en introduisant une porosité des espaces de normalisation, de certification et de régulation. Ainsi, à travers les transformations du système soumis à des niveaux de contraintes différents et variés, cette dynamique de construction repose sur une logique duale, celle de la « dissociation raisonnée », qui permet l’articulation des trois pôles référentiels (la marchandisation, l’héritage colonial et culturel) et donne une particularité au système sénégalais d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche. / Starting from the premise of a process creating of universities and research centers but also of the comprehension of the public action, this thesis answers the question of knowing, how is structuring and building today the system of higher education and research in Senegal. This process takes into account the system integration in the global context of transformation of knowledge, of universities and of research.Basing on comprehensive approach - through targeted interviews, of direct observations and analysis of reference documents -, the thesis shows that the dynamic of construction is based on three essential dimensions: the institutional or colonial heritage, the cultural heritage and the market logic. The market logic allows the displacement of the borders while introducing a porosity of spaces standardization, of certification and regulations.This thesis shows, through the transformation of the system subjected to different stress levels and varied, that this dynamic of construction is based on a dual logic, that of "reasoned dissociation", which allows the articulation of three dimensions and which gives a peculiarity to the Senegalese higher education and research system.

A conflict that ensued between Senegal and Mauritanian in 1989, led many Mauritanians to seek refuge in Senegal. Though the exact number is not known, an estimated 20,000 Mauritanian refugees continue to live in northern Senegal 16 years after being expelled from their home country. The exact number could not be ascertained because the attempted registration exercise which started in December 1999 was unfortunately abandoned in 2000. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / nf2012 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

The use of <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i> trees grown in Senegal as utility poles was investigated as follows: (1) to determine the longitudinal air permeability of the species with regard to its treatability; (2) to determine the treatability of the wood using a full-cell process; (3) to determine the mechanical properties of the species relative to its use as utility poles in Senegal. The mean superficial longitudinal air permeability of 60 specimens was 4990 cm³(air)/cm s atm whereas the theoretical permeability was 4710 cm³/cm s atm. It was determined an average of 1830 vessels per cm² with a mean diameter of 117 microns and a volume fraction of 0.20 . The presence of tyloses was not observed during the anatomical measurements. As expected, the most important variables influencing the effectiveness of the preservative treatment were the impregnation pressure and the permeability of the specimens. Retention increased as the impregnation pressure was increased; and at a given pressure, retention was positively correlated to permeability. Since the wood seems to be fairly permeable, it can therefore be satisfactorily treated by controlling the impregnation pressure. The results of static bending tests were compared to the theoretical maximum stress at ground line (R) of the different classes of utility poles used in Senegal. With an average modulus of rupture (MOR) of 108 megaPascals, the ratio of MOR to R varied between 2.12 to 2.34. This ratio provides evidence that Casuarina's wood meets the mechanical requirements of the Standard NFC67-100, which sets the guidelines for utility poles in Senegal. / Master of Science