住宅本身特性和鄰里環境為影響住宅價格價格高低之主要因素，環境特徵通因素常透過公共設施反映，設施越完善表示鄰里生活機能及可及性越高，產生正面效應使得住宅價格提升；鄰避設施產生的負面外部性導致居住品質下降，造成住宅價格降低。然現有文獻多數偏向針對特定的公共設施類型分析，相對少見到同時針對多樣設施進行全面性研究，缺乏生活設施面向的實證及設施服務水準衡量。 本研究運用特徵價格理論結合地理資訊系統，界定多項重大設施與生活設施；以等級衡量生活設施服務水準，並建構最小平方及分量迴歸模型自動分群探討設施之量增趨勢對住宅總價影響，以對設施作全面性研究。本研究採用臺北市2011年7月至2015年9月不動產交易實價登錄樣本與設施資料為對象。實證結果顯示，住宅總價主要受交通便利性和開放空間效益影響，生活設施水準對總價為正向影響，顯示生活機能具有正面效益。設施影響係數依序為捷運站0.0774、主題公園0.0307、餐飲0.0283、大專院校0.0219、大型醫院0.0193、殯葬設施-0.0190、學校0.0124、市場0.0057、鄰里公園0.0042及便利商店-0.0018。本研究進而探討不同總價下的設施影響效果發現，隨著住宅總價從低到高，各項生活設施的影響下降，低總價住宅主要受到生活機能和開放空間等鄰里環境影響，設施的便利性大於可及性效益；高總價住宅以負面外部性、文教及開放空間效益和就醫便利為主要影響，設施的便利效益不顯著。 / House pricing is strongly affected by its characteristics and neighborhood environment. Neighborhood characteristics are usually reflected by public facilities. The better the facilities are, the higher quality and convenience of the life results in a positive effect on housing price. The negative externalities of the NIMBY (not-in-my-back-yard) facilities lead to a decline in the quality of living and a reduction in housing prices. However, most of the existing literatures tend to focus on specific types of public facility. In this paper, more detailed study on the effects of overall facilities is proposed. In this research, the overall influence of facilities service level on house pricing is the focus. The proposed regression models are based on Hedonic price theory combined with geographic information system (GIS) to automatically cluster (or quantize) the facility numbers. The clustering is used for evaluating the relationships between facility number and housing price. Those overall facilities are categorized into two groups, important and community facilities. The provided different service levels of community facilities are defined. The real estate sales database in Taipei City from July 2012 to Sept. 2015 along with facilities is used for the evaluations. The evaluated results show that the total price is mainly affected by the convenience of transport and open space benefits, the service levels of community facilities have a positive effect. The impacts of the facilities are in the order of MRT, theme parks, restaurants, Universities, large hospitals, funeral facilities, schools, markets, neighborhood parks and convenience stores. Theme parks, the service level of community facilities and universities have higher impacts on those low-priced property while. funeral facilities, theme parks and large hospitals have higher impacts on high-priced one. One more finding is that the impacts of the service level of community facilities has declined with the increase in total housing prices. Low-priced property is mainly affected by the neighborhood environment and open space because facilities convenience is greater than the accessibility. High-priced property is mainly affected by the negative externalities, education, open space and access to medical care.

Uma das principais características dos sistemas de informação e de comunicação é permitir que os usuários finais utilizem e disponibilizem serviços interativos com conteúdo multimídia a qualquer hora, em qualquer lugar, com qualquer dispositivo e em movimento, independentemente da tecnologia de rede utilizada. Um desafio que surge face a essa nova característica dos serviços é como identificar os requisitos de QoS (Qualidade de Serviço) fim-a-fim sob a ótica do usuário final em um ambiente convergente e heterogêneo com o intuito de evoluir as relações entre o usuário final e o Provedor de Serviços para o estabelecimento de um contrato com níveis de serviço personalizado. Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa para a elaboração de uma ferramenta genérica e aberta para mapear a qualidade percebida pelo usuário em requisitos técnicos de QoS através da captura do fluxo de pacotes gerado entre as aplicações que compõem um serviço e simula atrasos, jitter, perdas e banda percebida com o objetivo de permitir ao usuário final identificar e expressar os valores desses parâmetros tornando transparente os aspectos tecnológicos que envolvem esta identificação. A definição de um ambiente de simulação que hospeda o serviço, o desenvolvimento de um simulador de QoS específico e uma nova relação entre o usuário e o Provedor de Serviços também são abordados. / One of the main characteristics of communication and information systems is to allow final users to use and make available multimedia content interactive services at any time, anywhere, in motion and using any device regardless of network technology. Under this perspective a challenge arises on how to identify the QoS (Quality of Service) requirements in a convergent and heterogeneous environment end-to-end user centric way, in order to evolve the relationship between users and service providers aiming the establishment of personalized demands through personalized agreements. This work presents a study for the development of an open and generic tool for mapping the user perceived quality in QoS requirements through the capture of the packet flow generated between the applications of a service and simulates delays, jitter, loss of packets and bandwidth in order to allow the end user to identify and express the values of these parameters making transparent all the technological aspects involved in this identification. The definition of a service simulation environment, the development of a QoS simulator and a new relationship between users and services providers are also addressed.

Business Administration, Business Process and Supply Chain Management Degree Project (master), 15 higher education points, 4FE06E, Spring 2013 Authors: Jeremy Bellina, Olegs Bodins, Soeren Krieger and Mathilde Olivier Tutor: Roger Stokkedal Title: Managing Upstream Supply Chain in Order to Decrease Inventory Level: A Case Study on the Paper Merchant Papyrus Sweden. Background: The research is based on Papyrus Sweden, a paper merchant, which is facing a decrease in the demand of paper products. It was identified that inventory level reduction is now crucial for the company in order to stay in the market. Therefore, Papyrus Sweden is focused on inventory level and tied-up capital reduction in order to decrease costs and increase net profit. Purpose: This thesis aims to analyze the current situation in Papyrus Sweden in terms of inventory level and activities related to suppliers, and prepare recommendations which could help Papyrus Sweden to reduce its inventory level. Method: The data has been collected through interviews with managers from the supply chain department as well as through a data sample from Papyrus Sweden database given to the researchers. All data was analyzed and compared with the literature review. Data received from the database was processed and transformed in Microsoft Excel in order to make the analysis. Results: The analysis identifies issues in material planning methods, safety stock calculation, ABC-XYZ classification and forecast calculation, on which Papyrus Sweden could act in order to decrease its inventory level. Furthermore, the researchers identify two solutions Papyrus Sweden could implement with its suppliers in order to reduce inventory level which are a Service Level Agreement and a Vendor Managed Inventory system. Keywords: inventory level, material planning method, safety stock, ABC-XYZ classification, forecast calculation, replenishment lead time, supplier relationship, information sharing, Service Level Agreement (SLA), Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Collaborative planning, forecast and replenishment system (CPFR).

Les centres d’appels sont des éléments clés de presque n’importe quelle grande organisation. Le problème de gestion du travail a reçu beaucoup d’attention dans la littérature. Une formulation typique se base sur des mesures de performance sur un horizon infini, et le problème d’affectation d’agents est habituellement résolu en combinant des méthodes d’optimisation et de simulation. Dans cette thèse, nous considérons un problème d’affection d’agents pour des centres d’appels soumis a des contraintes en probabilité. Nous introduisons une formulation qui exige que les contraintes de qualité de service (QoS) soient satisfaites avec une forte probabilité, et définissons une approximation de ce problème par moyenne échantillonnale dans un cadre de compétences multiples. Nous établissons la convergence de la solution du problème approximatif vers celle du problème initial quand la taille de l’échantillon croit. Pour le cas particulier où tous les agents ont toutes les compétences (un seul groupe d’agents), nous concevons trois méthodes d’optimisation basées sur la simulation pour le problème de moyenne échantillonnale. Étant donné un niveau initial de personnel, nous augmentons le nombre d’agents pour les périodes où les contraintes sont violées, et nous diminuons le nombre d’agents pour les périodes telles que les contraintes soient toujours satisfaites après cette réduction. Des expériences numériques sont menées sur plusieurs modèles de centre d’appels à faible occupation, au cours desquelles les algorithmes donnent de bonnes solutions, i.e. la plupart des contraintes en probabilité sont satisfaites, et nous ne pouvons pas réduire le personnel dans une période donnée sont introduire de violation de contraintes. Un avantage de ces algorithmes, par rapport à d’autres méthodes, est la facilité d’implémentation. / Call centers are key components of almost any large organization. The problem of labor management has received a great deal of attention in the literature. A typical formulation of the staffing problem is in terms of infinite-horizon performance measures. The method of combining simulation and optimization is used to solve this staffing problem. In this thesis, we consider a problem of staffing call centers with respect to chance constraints. We introduce chance-constrained formulations of the scheduling problem which requires that the quality of service (QoS) constraints are met with high probability. We define a sample average approximation of this problem in a multiskill setting. We prove the convergence of the optimal solution of the sample-average problem to that of the original problem when the sample size increases. For the special case where we consider the staffing problem and all agents have all skills (a single group of agents), we design three simulation-based optimization methods for the sample problem. Given a starting solution, we increase the staffings in periods where the constraints are violated, and decrease the number of agents in several periods where decrease is acceptable, as much as possible, provided that the constraints are still satisfied. For the call center models in our numerical experiment, these algorithms give good solutions, i.e., most constraints are satisfied, and we cannot decrease any agent in any period to obtain better results. One advantage of these algorithms, compared with other methods, that they are very easy to implement.

[pt] Minimizar as dificuldades de comunicação entre áreas técnicas de TI e áreas de Negócio tem sido um desafio de muitos CIOs - Chief Information Officers - de empresas, que têm que traduzir as necessidades de diversas Unidades de Negócio da empresa em tecnologias adequadas, integradas, escaláveis e geradoras de receita para as organizações. Dado que TI não é um fim em si mesma, mas um meio para que a organização atinja resultados, tal disputa pode desembocar em ineficiência, a despeito dos investimentos e esforços despendidos. As percepções sobre os possíveis conflitos envolvendo a área de TI e seus clientes internos, em duas empresas de telecomunicações brasileiras, são contraditórias ou coincidentes, de acordo com a visão de cada uma das áreas? Quais as causas destes possíveis conflitos identificadas em cada uma das empresas? / [en] Minimize the difficulties of communication between technical areas of IT and Business areas has been a challenge to many CIOs – Chief Information Officers - of companies that have to translate the needs of Business units of the company in appropriate technologies, integrated, scalable and generating revenue for organizations. Since IT is not an end in itself, but a step that organization uses to reach results, such dispute may lead to inefficiency, despite the investment and effort spent. The perceptions of possible conflicts involving IT area and its internal customers of two Brazilian telecommunications companies are contradictory or coincidental, according to the vision of each of the area? What are the possible causes of conflict identified in each company?

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-03T18:50:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARDOSO_Fabio_2016.pdf: 71020829 bytes, checksum: e1413b4896bf3ed023f3e1c2ca8eb956 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-03T18:50:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CARDOSO_Fabio_2016.pdf: 71020829 bytes, checksum: e1413b4896bf3ed023f3e1c2ca8eb956 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-03T18:50:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CARDOSO_Fabio_2016.pdf: 71020829 bytes, checksum: e1413b4896bf3ed023f3e1c2ca8eb956 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T18:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARDOSO_Fabio_2016.pdf: 71020829 bytes, checksum: e1413b4896bf3ed023f3e1c2ca8eb956 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-12 / Não recebi financiamento / Logistics has been a differentiator more and more important among automakers, since quality, price and technical characteristics have been moving towards a common ground. In order to seek for additional differentiation, companies focus on strategies of stock allocation that allow them to either increase revenue or reduce costs. Stock allocation strategies within the companies requires the decision between centralizing and decentralizing stocks. Present research aims at investigating the decision process about stock allocation for auto parts in aftersales Market, and analyzing what the important criteria for such a decision are. It was conducted a descriptive research with that purpose. It was investigated relevant criteria within literature and validated through questionnaires performed with dealership. Because dealers are the ultimate responsible for the brand image to the customer, they also participated in criteria and alternatives ponderations. Then, it was possible to suggest a final decision for stock allocation, through the organization of all criteria and alternatives in a decision tree together with their weights. Research results seems to suggest the necessity that automakers focus the aftersales resources in increasing their service level to dealership through stock decentralization, as a method to increase their revenue in long-term. Present research contributes to management because it investigates which are the relevant criteria and their weight for centralization decision. In addition, the use of multi-criteria decision making aid to suggest a postponement decision in auto parts distribution chain also represent a contribution. / A logística é um diferenciador cada vez maior entre empresas automobilísticas concorrentes, dada a equiparação da qualidade, dos preços e características notada nos veículos. Ao buscar essa diferenciação, as empresas privilegiam estratégias de alocação de estoques que permitam o aumento de sua receita e/ou a redução de seus custos. As estratégias de alocação de estoques de uma empresa privilegiam a centralização ou descentralização dos estoques. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é investigar o processo de decisão acerca da alocação de estoques de peças de reposição para o mercado de pós-vendas, ao analisar quais critérios são relevantes para essa decisão. Com esse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva. Os critérios relevantes para a decisão foram investigados na literatura e validados através de questionários realizados com concessionárias. Sendo a concessionária uma grande responsável pela imagem final da marca diante do cliente, elas participaram ainda na ponderação desses critérios e também das alternativas. Foi possível então sugerir uma decisão para alocação de estoques, através da organização dos critérios e alternativas ponderados em uma árvore de decisão. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de as montadoras descentralizarem suas distribuições de autopeças, elevando assim o nível de serviço para as concessionárias, como meio de elevarem suas receitas no longo-prazo. Esta pesquisa possui contribuições gerenciais de curto e de longo prazos. Em adição, o uso de técnicas de apoio à decisão multicritério para decisões sobre o uso de postergação para cadeias de distribuição também representa uma contribuição em si.

O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar a percepção dos varejistas supermercadistas em relação ao nível de serviço logístico ofertado pelos fornecedores de bebidas. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo na forma de survey em vinte e um supermercados dos municípios de Ituiutaba, Santa Vitória e Capinópolis, pertencentes à microrregião de Ituiutaba - MG. Como procedimento técnico, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado baseado em Stock e Lambert (2001) e Rafele (2004). Foram analisados os componentes tangíveis, as formas de atendimento e ações de informação. Para captar as percepções sobre as variáveis, foram propostos questionamentos seguindo uma escala Likert de 1 a 10. A pesquisa revelou a necessidade de revisão das políticas de prestação de serviços, pois a maioria dos atributos pesquisados receberam notas médias abaixo do desempenho esperado. A partir do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis para comparação de distribuições, concluiu-se que nenhum fornecedor obteve destaque efetivo na avaliação dos clientes varejistas supermercadistas. Apesar disso, verificou-se que a dimensão componentes tangíveis recebeu avaliação significativamente superior que as demais para todos os fornecedores. Concluiu-se também que os fornecedores estão comprometidos com a capacitação dos seus consultores de vendas, mas para atingir a excelência, será necessário que os fornecedores concedam maior autonomia para seus consultores resolverem problemas relacionados aos níveis de serviço e embalagens similares. Dentre as contribuições do estudo, foram identificados 22 atributos que causam rupturas. Como limitação do estudo, destaca-se a característica de transitoriedade e subjetividade ligada a percepção de satisfação com um serviço prestado. / The objective of this dissertation was to analyze the perception of supermarket retailers in relation to the level of logistics service offered by beverage suppliers. A quantitative study was carried out as a survey in twenty - one supermarkets in the municipalities of Ituiutaba, Santa Vitória and Capinópolis, belonging to the microregion of Ituiutaba - MG. As a technical procedure, a structured questionnaire based on Stock and Lambert (2001) and Rafele (2004) was applied. Tangible components, forms of service and information actions were analyzed. In order to capture the perceptions about the variables, questions were proposed following a Likert scale of 1 to 10. The research revealed the need to review the service delivery policies, since most of the attributes surveyed received average scores below the expected performance. From the nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test for the comparison of distributions, it was concluded that no vendor was effective in the evaluation of retail supermarket customers. Nevertheless, it was found that the tangible components dimension received a significantly higher evaluation than the others for all suppliers. It was also concluded that suppliers are committed to the training of their sales consultants, but to achieve excellence, suppliers will need to give their consultants greater autonomy to solve problems related to service levels and similar packaging. Among the contributions of the study, 22 attributes were identified that cause ruptures. As a limitation of the study, we highlight the characteristic of transience and subjectivity linked to the perception of satisfaction with a service rendered. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Coreografias de serviços Web representam uma forma mais escalável e flexível de compor serviços do que uma abordagem centralizada como a orquestração, e seu papel na integração e comunicação de sistemas de larga escala é vital para os objetivos da SOC (Computação Orientada a Serviços) e da Internet do Futuro. Atualmente coreografias de serviços Web possuem vários desafios de pesquisa, dos quais a qualidade de serviço (QoS) e o monitoramento de coreografias de serviçosWeb são linhas importantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e implementar um mecanismo de monitoramento não intrusivo de coreografias de serviços Web baseado em SLAs (Acordos de Nível de Serviço) que especificam as restrições de atributos de QoS de maneira probabilística. Esta dissertação propõe um mecanismo para coreografias de serviços Web que: (1) define requisitos de QoS; (2) especifica contratos probabilísticos sobre parâmetros de QoS usando SLA; e (3) realiza um monitoramento não intrusivo de coreografias de serviços Web para detectar violações de SLA. / Web services choreographies are a more scalable and flexible way to compose services than a centralized approach like orchestrations, and its role in the integration and communication of large-scale systems is vital for the goals of SoC (Service Oriented Computing) and Future Internet. Currently,Web services choreographies have several research challenges. From all challenges, quality of service (QoS) and monitoring of Web services choreography are important research lines. The goal of this work is to propose and implement a mechanism for non-intrusive monitoring of Web services choreography based on SLAs (Service Level Agreements) that define constraints of QoS attributes in a probabilistic way. This thesis proposes a mechanism for Web services choreographies that:(1) defines QoS requirements; (2) specifies probabilistic contracts on QoS parameters using SLAs; and (3) monitors, non-intrusively, the enactment of Web services choreographies to detect SLA violations.

Les centres d’appels sont des éléments clés de presque n’importe quelle grande organisation. Le problème de gestion du travail a reçu beaucoup d’attention dans la littérature. Une formulation typique se base sur des mesures de performance sur un horizon infini, et le problème d’affectation d’agents est habituellement résolu en combinant des méthodes d’optimisation et de simulation. Dans cette thèse, nous considérons un problème d’affection d’agents pour des centres d’appels soumis a des contraintes en probabilité. Nous introduisons une formulation qui exige que les contraintes de qualité de service (QoS) soient satisfaites avec une forte probabilité, et définissons une approximation de ce problème par moyenne échantillonnale dans un cadre de compétences multiples. Nous établissons la convergence de la solution du problème approximatif vers celle du problème initial quand la taille de l’échantillon croit. Pour le cas particulier où tous les agents ont toutes les compétences (un seul groupe d’agents), nous concevons trois méthodes d’optimisation basées sur la simulation pour le problème de moyenne échantillonnale. Étant donné un niveau initial de personnel, nous augmentons le nombre d’agents pour les périodes où les contraintes sont violées, et nous diminuons le nombre d’agents pour les périodes telles que les contraintes soient toujours satisfaites après cette réduction. Des expériences numériques sont menées sur plusieurs modèles de centre d’appels à faible occupation, au cours desquelles les algorithmes donnent de bonnes solutions, i.e. la plupart des contraintes en probabilité sont satisfaites, et nous ne pouvons pas réduire le personnel dans une période donnée sont introduire de violation de contraintes. Un avantage de ces algorithmes, par rapport à d’autres méthodes, est la facilité d’implémentation. / Call centers are key components of almost any large organization. The problem of labor management has received a great deal of attention in the literature. A typical formulation of the staffing problem is in terms of infinite-horizon performance measures. The method of combining simulation and optimization is used to solve this staffing problem. In this thesis, we consider a problem of staffing call centers with respect to chance constraints. We introduce chance-constrained formulations of the scheduling problem which requires that the quality of service (QoS) constraints are met with high probability. We define a sample average approximation of this problem in a multiskill setting. We prove the convergence of the optimal solution of the sample-average problem to that of the original problem when the sample size increases. For the special case where we consider the staffing problem and all agents have all skills (a single group of agents), we design three simulation-based optimization methods for the sample problem. Given a starting solution, we increase the staffings in periods where the constraints are violated, and decrease the number of agents in several periods where decrease is acceptable, as much as possible, provided that the constraints are still satisfied. For the call center models in our numerical experiment, these algorithms give good solutions, i.e., most constraints are satisfied, and we cannot decrease any agent in any period to obtain better results. One advantage of these algorithms, compared with other methods, that they are very easy to implement.

No description available.