Cada vez mais as empresas oferecem soluções completas a seus clientes, com parcelas de produto e serviço. Essa mudança na composição do portfólio das organizações vem ocorrendo por uma série de motivos, sejam relacionados às questões estratégicas, motivados por demandas do cliente, ou ainda, por tendências que visam menores impactos ambientais. Esta tese teve como objetivo identificar se a estruturação das empresas em relação à integração produto-serviço influencia os fatores motivadores para o PSS. A abordagem metodológica foi dividida em pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, a primeira para compreender a perspectiva do cliente e a segunda para avaliar os fatores motivadores para a adoção de um sistema produto-serviço (PSS) por prestadores. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio de um estudo de caso nos laboratórios de um dos principais hospitais da América Latina. Os dados coletados apresentaram informações importantes sobre questões ambientais e coprodução. Para a pesquisa quantitativa, foi proposto um instrumento de pesquisa, com base em dados extraídos da literatura, para avaliar o construto Fatores Motivadores (FM) e a estruturação das empresas em relação à integração produto-serviço, operacionalizada por meio dos construtos Orientação de Uso do Produto (OUP) e Lógicas de Transição (LT). O instrumento foi submetido à validação de conteúdo e a pesquisa conduzida com média e alta gerência, de 81 empresas de setores distintos. Os dados foram processados e validados por análise fatorial exploratória e técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com estimação pelo método Partial Least Squares (PLS), utilizando o software SMARTPLS 2.0. O construto Fatores Motivadores desdobrou-se em cinco variáveis latentes de primeira ordem: ambiental, cocriação, coprodução, portfólio e vantagem competitiva. As análises do modelo estrutural mostraram que há relacionamento significativo entre os Fatores Motivadores e as Lógicas de Transição, alterando-se à medida que se transida da lógica Produto-Dominante para a lógica Serviço-Dominante. Dentre as proposições da LT as que se destacaram foram Papel do Cliente, Envolvimento com o Cliente e Determinação e Significado do Valor. / Increasingly companies offer complete solutions to its customers which include products and services. This change in the organizations portfolio has been occurring due to a number of reasons, be it related to strategic issues, or driven by customer demands, or even to low environmental impact trends. This thesis aimed at identifying if companies structure in relation to their product-service integration influences the drivers for product-service systems (PSS) offer. The methodological approach was divided into qualitative and quantitative research, the first to understand the customer\'s perspective and the second to assess the drivers for the adoption of a product-service system (PSS) by providers. The qualitative research was conducted through a case study in the laboratories of one of the major Latin America hospitals. The data collected showed important information about environmental issues and co-production. For the quantitative research, a research instrument was proposed, based on data extracted from literature, to evaluate the Motivation Factors\' (FM) and the companies structuring in relation to product-service integration, operationalized through the constructs \'Product Use Orientation\' (OUP) and \'Transition Logics\' (LT). The instrument was submitted to content validation, and the research was conducted with middle and senior managers of 81 companies from different industries. The data were processed and validated by exploratory factor analysis technique and Structural Equation Modeling with the estimation method Partial Least Squares (PLS) using the software SmartPLS 2.0. The construct FM unfolded in five first-order latent variables: environmental, co-creation, co-production, portfolio and competitive advantage. The structural model analysis showed significant relationship between Motivation Factors and Transition Logics, which changes while it moves from Goods-Dominant Logic to Service-Dominant Logic. Among LT propositions most relevant are: Customers Role, Engagement with the Customer and Value Determination and Meaning.

Cada vez mais as empresas oferecem soluções completas a seus clientes, com parcelas de produto e serviço. Essa mudança na composição do portfólio das organizações vem ocorrendo por uma série de motivos, sejam relacionados às questões estratégicas, motivados por demandas do cliente, ou ainda, por tendências que visam menores impactos ambientais. Esta tese teve como objetivo identificar se a estruturação das empresas em relação à integração produto-serviço influencia os fatores motivadores para o PSS. A abordagem metodológica foi dividida em pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, a primeira para compreender a perspectiva do cliente e a segunda para avaliar os fatores motivadores para a adoção de um sistema produto-serviço (PSS) por prestadores. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio de um estudo de caso nos laboratórios de um dos principais hospitais da América Latina. Os dados coletados apresentaram informações importantes sobre questões ambientais e coprodução. Para a pesquisa quantitativa, foi proposto um instrumento de pesquisa, com base em dados extraídos da literatura, para avaliar o construto Fatores Motivadores (FM) e a estruturação das empresas em relação à integração produto-serviço, operacionalizada por meio dos construtos Orientação de Uso do Produto (OUP) e Lógicas de Transição (LT). O instrumento foi submetido à validação de conteúdo e a pesquisa conduzida com média e alta gerência, de 81 empresas de setores distintos. Os dados foram processados e validados por análise fatorial exploratória e técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com estimação pelo método Partial Least Squares (PLS), utilizando o software SMARTPLS 2.0. O construto Fatores Motivadores desdobrou-se em cinco variáveis latentes de primeira ordem: ambiental, cocriação, coprodução, portfólio e vantagem competitiva. As análises do modelo estrutural mostraram que há relacionamento significativo entre os Fatores Motivadores e as Lógicas de Transição, alterando-se à medida que se transida da lógica Produto-Dominante para a lógica Serviço-Dominante. Dentre as proposições da LT as que se destacaram foram Papel do Cliente, Envolvimento com o Cliente e Determinação e Significado do Valor. / Increasingly companies offer complete solutions to its customers which include products and services. This change in the organizations portfolio has been occurring due to a number of reasons, be it related to strategic issues, or driven by customer demands, or even to low environmental impact trends. This thesis aimed at identifying if companies structure in relation to their product-service integration influences the drivers for product-service systems (PSS) offer. The methodological approach was divided into qualitative and quantitative research, the first to understand the customer\'s perspective and the second to assess the drivers for the adoption of a product-service system (PSS) by providers. The qualitative research was conducted through a case study in the laboratories of one of the major Latin America hospitals. The data collected showed important information about environmental issues and co-production. For the quantitative research, a research instrument was proposed, based on data extracted from literature, to evaluate the Motivation Factors\' (FM) and the companies structuring in relation to product-service integration, operationalized through the constructs \'Product Use Orientation\' (OUP) and \'Transition Logics\' (LT). The instrument was submitted to content validation, and the research was conducted with middle and senior managers of 81 companies from different industries. The data were processed and validated by exploratory factor analysis technique and Structural Equation Modeling with the estimation method Partial Least Squares (PLS) using the software SmartPLS 2.0. The construct FM unfolded in five first-order latent variables: environmental, co-creation, co-production, portfolio and competitive advantage. The structural model analysis showed significant relationship between Motivation Factors and Transition Logics, which changes while it moves from Goods-Dominant Logic to Service-Dominant Logic. Among LT propositions most relevant are: Customers Role, Engagement with the Customer and Value Determination and Meaning.

Background. The amount of waste generated each year is increased, research indicates that 79 % of plastic waste is dumped in landfills, 12% to incinerated and 9% of the plastics are recycled. At the beginning of the year 2020, an increase in personal protective equipment (PPE) was noted as a direct result of the Covid-19 pandemic that spread around the world. As a foundation to the waste problem in society, VolvoGroup presented its zero mission goals. The zero missions goals were to be captured in a problem space provided by Volvo. A problem space that students at Blekinge Institute of Technology and Stanford University were set out to find a solution to. Objectives. The objectives of this thesis were through the Design Thinking strategy to find solutions that are circular and applied as a PSS. The goal is to apply a circular system of which Volvo Group can apply in their line of work, also to transition this solution into other areas, e.g. healthcare. Methods. For research measures, the Design Research Methodology was used to frame the research and Design Thinking to frame the design process. Results. The result presented is a machine that can provide Volvo Group or healthcare with circular single-use gloves. The circular aspects are enabled by a certain material, allowing the created system to be circular. The system is applied as a product-service system, enhancing the availability of gloves in either healthcare or inside Volvo Group. Conclusions. The circular system applied as a PSS satisfies the goals by Volvo Group by reducing waste generated, increasing availability of protective equipment, thus increasing the safety of users in need of PPE. The created circular system has the potential to be applied in other areas than waste management and healthcare, which can be proved through future research. / Bakgrund. Mängden sopor som slängs ökar för vart år som går. Forskning visar att79% av all plast som slängs går till deponi, 12% går till förbränning och resterandemängd plast (9%) återvinns. Under år 2020 har förbrukningen av skyddsartiklar av engångstyp ökat på grund av den Covid-19-pandemi som bröt ut i början av året. Den ökade förbrukningen har sin tur medfört nedskräpning av skyddsartiklar i naturen i en ökad omfattning. Till följd av detta har Volvo Group utformat ett uppdrag i syfte att få hjälp med att nå sin nollvision. Visionen innebär att utsläpp, olyckor och produktionsstopp ska upphöra helt och hållet. Uppdraget tilldelades en gruppstudenter på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola och Stanford University. Studenterna fick i uppgift att angripa problemet och komma med en lösning som uppfyller företagets nollvision. Syfte. Syftet med denna rapport är att genom design thinking- strategin finna en lösning som kan skapa ett cirkulärt system och appliceras som ett produkt-servicesystem (PSS). Målet är att kunna applicera detta system inom Volvo koncernen, men att även kunna presentera möjligheten att göra systemet tillämpningsbart inom sjukvården. Metod. I rent forskningssyfte användes Design Research Methodology för att rama in forskningen som skedde parallellt med utvecklingsprocessen. Utvecklingsprocessen följde ramarna för Design Thinking som presenterar olika typer av verktyg för design och utveckling av en produkt. Resultat. Det resultat som presenteras i denna rapport är ett cirkulärt system applicerat i en form av en PSS. Det som möjliggör detta system är ett material som tillåter reproduktion av engångshandskar som går att applicera inom sophanteringsindustrin. Detta indikerar även på att ett likande system kan medföra att sjukvården kan bli självständig i sitt användande av skyddsutrustning. Slutsatser. Ett cirkulärt system som uppfyller Volvos nollvision genom att skydda deras arbetare sluter ett kretslopp för en typ av skyddsutrustning. Det leder även tillökad tillgänglighet av utrusning. Detta system har potentialen att appliceras inom sjukvården i form av ett centraliserat system på sjukhus som tillför mindre enheter med tillverkade handskar.

Este estudo apresenta aspectos relevantes do projeto de desenvolvimento de produto, para produtos que tenham serviços associados com a finalidade de aumento da percepção de valor. Partiu-se da constatação da realidade de mercado de que cada vez mais as indústrias, tradicionalmente reconhecidas pela qualidade tangível de seus produtos, passam a se preocupar com a associação de serviços a esses produtos. O atendimento das necessidades do consumidor com um sistema composto por bens tangíveis e intangíveis passa a ser um diferencial competitivo. Para se identificar os aspectos relevantes relacionados a serviço em um projeto de desenvolvimento de produto, inicialmente realizou-se a revisão bibliográfica sobre metodologias de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços, de gestão de projeto e de conceitos relacionados a serviços. Os objetivos desta etapa foram o alinhamento de alguns conceitos relacionados ao trabalho e o conhecimento detalhado de tópicos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de serviços associado a produtos. Após este embasamento teórico, realizaram-se estudos de casos com cinco empresas. O objetivo foi identificar como, na prática, as empresas estão tratando o assunto serviço no desenvolvimento de produtos. Estes estudos de caso foram realizados em indústrias alimentícias que atuam no Brasil. O passo seguinte foi fazer considerações sobre as alterações que devem ser realizadas em estratégia, processos e estrutura para se obter o desenvolvimento de produtos com diferencial de serviços de maneira mais eficiente. A conclusão a que se chegou é que se forem realizadas algumas ações relativas à estratégia da empresa, aos processos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de produto e à estrutura que suporta esses processos, podem ser gerados sistemas compostos por produtos e serviços de destaque no mercado. As ações necessárias para o melhor uso de serviços como diferencial competitivo são descritas e os possíveis impactos nas empresas estudadas são apresentados. / This essay presents aspects of product development, taking into account products with associated services whose end-target is the increase of the product\'s value perception. The study stems from the findings that several industries, traditionally recognized for the quality of their tangible products, have progressively been concerned with the services related to their products. Consequently, the ability to duly cater for the consumer\'s needs with a system composed of tangible and intangible parts becomes a competitive differential. In order to identify relevant aspects related to services in product development, initially it was held a literature review on product and service development methodologies, project management and topics related to services. At this stage, some concepts were defined together with some detailed knowledge concerning development of services associated with products. Following this theoretical basis, case studies were performed with five companies. At this stage the objective was to identify how, in practice, those companies were addressing the issue of product service system development. Those case studies were conducted within Brazilian food industries. The next step was to make comments on the changes which, in the strategy, process and structure, would contribute more efficiently to develop products aiming at the differential in services. Such comments led to the conclusion that some actions related to company`s strategy, product development process and structure, once they are performed, they can generate systems composed of more competitive products and services for the market. Lastly, the necessary actions for a better usage of service as competitive differential are described and some foreseeable impacts are presented.

At present time, climate and energy issues are important subjects in the international market and environmental technology is a rapidly growing concept. Many companies in Sweden have developed much in-house knowledge in environmental technology. Therefore, they have great opportunity to export. In the sustainability perspective, export has not only benefits in the economic aspect, but also advantages for the environment. Development of appropriate business models is necessary for supporting environmental technology export.In this research an attempt was made to explore business model elements and offerings for export of environmental technology. The relevant theories in environmental technology characteristics, customization, product service systems and business models were used.The case studies included a Swedish municipality-owned company, its subsidiaries and a Swedish private company which was active in export. Empirical data were collected by conducting of interviews. The results reflect the business models and offerings of the studied cases. The analysis of cases provided findings for environmental technologies characteristics which have effect on export business models.Furthermore, six categories for making distinction among different elements of business models in literature were defined in this study. By analysis of the cases a new category which entailed new elements was added as the seventh category. The mentioned categories are useful in business model formulating for export of environmental technology.

Pagrindimas: Lietuvoje vykstant sveikatos priežiūros reformai, didelio visuomenės ir mokslininkų dėmesio sulaukia įvairūs sveikatos priežiūros organizavimo, paslaugų kokybės aspektai, kurie dažniausiai vertinami vykdant pacientų apklausas, tačiau svarbus yra ir medicinos personalo nuomonės tyrimas šiais klausimais dėl realaus požiūrio į tam tikras sistemos funkcionavimo galimybes. Darbo tikslas: Išsiaiškinti kaip Vilniaus miesto medikai vertina dabartinę sveikatos priežiūrą ir paslaugas, analizuojant tam tikrus sveikatos priežiūros organizacinius aspektus, atsižvelgiant į medikų specializaciją, darbovietę ir darbo stažą. Metodika: Anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu apklausti 297 respondentai (gydytojai ir slaugytojai) dirbantys pirminės sveikatos priežiūros centruose, stacionaruose ir privačiose įstaigose. Tyrimo tikslui ir uždaviniams pasiekti naudotas kiekybinis momentinis sociologinis tyrimas. Anketa sudaryta remiantis viešosios nuomonės ir rinkos tyrimų bendrovės ,,Spinter tyrimai“ 2004 m. atlikto tyrimo, kurio metu siekta išsiaiškinti, kaip medikai vetina sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų restruktūrizaciją ir kt. problemas, klausimynu. Duomenų apdorojimas ir analizė atlikta naudojantis statistiniu paketu SPSS. Skirtumai tarp atitinkamų rodiklių laikomi patikimais, kai klaidos tikimybė p ≤ 0,05. Šią reikšmę programa ieškant ryšio tarp kintamųjų, suskaičiuoja automatiškai. χ2 statistinis kriterijus taikomas tikrinant kokybinių požymių ryšio hipotezes. Taip pat... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Background: While the Lithuanian health service reform is being implemented, major attention of the public and of the scienctists is drawn to different health service organization, service quality aspects, which often are being evaluated by implementing polls of the patients. However also is important poll of the medical personnel about these questions regarding the real opinion of particular functional abilities of the system. Purpose of the work: to find out how medics of the Vilnius city treat current health supervision and the services by analyzing particular organizational aspect of the health service, considering specialization, workplace and probation of the medics. Methodology: in the way of the anonymous questionnaire 297 respondents have been questioned (medic doctors and caregivers), working at primary health service centres, stationeries and private institutions. For reaching the purpose and the goal of this survey quantitative instantaneous sociological survey was used. The questionnaire was compounded using questionnaire of public opinion and market survey company ,,Spinter tyrimai“ of year 2004 intended to find out how the medics treat restructurizing of the health service institutions and other problems. Processing of data and analysis was completed using statistical packet SPSS. Differences between appropriate rates are treated as reliable when likelihood of mistake is p ≤ 0,05. The programme figures this value automatically when finds connection... [to full text]

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Duquesne University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73) and index.

Este estudo apresenta aspectos relevantes do projeto de desenvolvimento de produto, para produtos que tenham serviços associados com a finalidade de aumento da percepção de valor. Partiu-se da constatação da realidade de mercado de que cada vez mais as indústrias, tradicionalmente reconhecidas pela qualidade tangível de seus produtos, passam a se preocupar com a associação de serviços a esses produtos. O atendimento das necessidades do consumidor com um sistema composto por bens tangíveis e intangíveis passa a ser um diferencial competitivo. Para se identificar os aspectos relevantes relacionados a serviço em um projeto de desenvolvimento de produto, inicialmente realizou-se a revisão bibliográfica sobre metodologias de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços, de gestão de projeto e de conceitos relacionados a serviços. Os objetivos desta etapa foram o alinhamento de alguns conceitos relacionados ao trabalho e o conhecimento detalhado de tópicos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de serviços associado a produtos. Após este embasamento teórico, realizaram-se estudos de casos com cinco empresas. O objetivo foi identificar como, na prática, as empresas estão tratando o assunto serviço no desenvolvimento de produtos. Estes estudos de caso foram realizados em indústrias alimentícias que atuam no Brasil. O passo seguinte foi fazer considerações sobre as alterações que devem ser realizadas em estratégia, processos e estrutura para se obter o desenvolvimento de produtos com diferencial de serviços de maneira mais eficiente. A conclusão a que se chegou é que se forem realizadas algumas ações relativas à estratégia da empresa, aos processos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de produto e à estrutura que suporta esses processos, podem ser gerados sistemas compostos por produtos e serviços de destaque no mercado. As ações necessárias para o melhor uso de serviços como diferencial competitivo são descritas e os possíveis impactos nas empresas estudadas são apresentados. / This essay presents aspects of product development, taking into account products with associated services whose end-target is the increase of the product\'s value perception. The study stems from the findings that several industries, traditionally recognized for the quality of their tangible products, have progressively been concerned with the services related to their products. Consequently, the ability to duly cater for the consumer\'s needs with a system composed of tangible and intangible parts becomes a competitive differential. In order to identify relevant aspects related to services in product development, initially it was held a literature review on product and service development methodologies, project management and topics related to services. At this stage, some concepts were defined together with some detailed knowledge concerning development of services associated with products. Following this theoretical basis, case studies were performed with five companies. At this stage the objective was to identify how, in practice, those companies were addressing the issue of product service system development. Those case studies were conducted within Brazilian food industries. The next step was to make comments on the changes which, in the strategy, process and structure, would contribute more efficiently to develop products aiming at the differential in services. Such comments led to the conclusion that some actions related to company`s strategy, product development process and structure, once they are performed, they can generate systems composed of more competitive products and services for the market. Lastly, the necessary actions for a better usage of service as competitive differential are described and some foreseeable impacts are presented.

The engineering design process transforms stakeholders’ needs and desires into design specifications. In this process, manufacturers make decisions that impact how much value can be generated from a new product/service. Clear design specification can enhance the value of a product/service. This research study focuses on the engineering design process for systems of products and services - product-service systems (PSSs). An unambiguous PSS classification could help manufacturers to produce clearer design specifications, however there is a lack of clear PSS classifications for engineering design. Existing classifications rely on an out-dated distinction between tangible objects as products, and everything else as a service, a division that inappropriately classifies digital products as services. To develop a coherent PSS classification, it is necessary to understand which characteristics of PSS can clarify its design specification. This research addresses this problem by determining the PSS characteristics that are useful for clarifying the design specification. The research aims to develop a PSS characterisation scheme and explore how the scheme influences design specifications. To achieve these aims, case study and action research methods are employed. This study has developed a PSS characterisation scheme that clarifies design specifications and a method to systematically apply this scheme, the PSS characterisation approach. This approach proves useful for practitioners to clarify design specifications, and has extended the application of the theory of technical systems to instruments supporting the engineering design process. The PSS characterisation scheme comprises four characteristics: customer perceived value level, ‘connectivity number’, type and degree of connectivity and configuration type. The scheme does not use the ‘tangibility’ distinction, but incorporates concepts of value creation and interdependencies within a PSS and between a PSS and its environment. This novel characterisation scheme contributes to the development of a PSS classification scheme for engineering design and also to the literature of PSS classifications.

Die Integration von Produkten und Dienstleistungen zu einem nutzenstiftenden Leistungsbündel und das damit einhergehende ökonomische und ökologische Potenzial ist auch heute noch mittel- bzw. unmittelbarer Gegenstand vielfältiger Untersuchungen in Wissenschaft und Praxis. Als Konzept hat die Hybride Wertschöpfung viele Merkmale wie die Interdisziplinarität bei der Leistungserstellung, die Substituierbarkeit von Bestandteilen oder die Ausrichtung am gesamten Lebenszyklus geprägt, welche auch in vielen anderen Konzepten Anwendung finden. Trotzdem hat sie als etablierte Betrachtungsweise bislang keine umfassende Erweiterung erfahren, mit der sie beispielsweise die seit vielen Jahren vorherrschende Digitalisierung von Produkten und Dienstleistungen durch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie nutzen und integrieren kann. Stattdessen entstehen neue, analoge und teilweise konkurrierende Konzepte, welche die Bildung eines theoretischen Kerns hemmen. Die vorliegende Dissertation adressiert diese Fragestellung und entwickelt einen Ansatz, mit dem die informationsbasierte Integration von Produkten und Dienstleistungen und damit die Nutzung der Digitalisierungspotenziale gelingen kann. Damit folgt die Arbeit dem anwendungs- und schnittstellenorientierten Anspruch der Wirtschaftsinformatik und generiert Ergebnisse in den folgenden Bereichen: (1) Identifikation von Anforderungen an die Entwicklung informationsbasierte hybrider Leistungsbündel, (2) konzeptuelle Zusammenführung der unterschiedlichen Komponenten Produkt und Dienstleistung sowie (3) die prototypische Implementierung einer Plattformlösung zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung entsprechender Leistungsbündel. Die Arbeit leistet somit einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur systemischen Weiterentwicklung des Hybriden Wertschöpfungskonzepts, um als etabliertes Rahmenwerk weiterhin Bestand zu haben und für die Erklärung und Entwicklung neuer Leistungsportfolios verwendbar zu sein.