On Perú’s North Coast, the earliest documented lithic traditions are collectively known as the El Palto Phase (~14,200-9600cal BP). This phase, which spans the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene, contains evidence for several contemporary or overlapping traditions, including early unifacial assemblages, and the Fishtail and Paiján complexes. Recent study of El Palto phasesites in the lower Jequetepeque Valley focused on evaluating the relationships between these assemblages and the populations who manufactured them. The results of this study indicate a greater degree of intratype diversity among point types than previously recognized and call into question the descendant relationships between Fishtail and Paiján. The results from several long-term regional studies are combined with these analyses to provide new insight regarding early settlement and technological change in this region of the Central Andes. / En la costa norte del Perú, las tradiciones líticas más tempranas documentadas se conocen, en conjunto, como la fase El Palto (~14.200-9600 cal AP). Esta fase, que abarca desde el Pleistoceno Final hasta el Holoceno Temprano, contiene evidencias de varias tradiciones contemporáneas o que coinciden parcialmente en el tiempo, lo que incluye conjuntos unifaciales tempranos y los complejos Cola de Pescado y Paiján. Un reciente estudio de los sitios de la fase El Palto en el valle bajo de Jequetepeque se enfocó enla evaluación de los vínculos entre estos conjuntos y las poblaciones que los produjeron. Los resultados obtenidos indican un grado mayor de diversidad tipológica entre los tipos de puntas que lo que previamente se había reconocido y cuestionan las relaciones tecnológicas entre las tradiciones líticas Paiján y Cola de Pescado. Asimismo, los resultados de varios estudios regionales de largoplazo se combinan con estos análisis con el objeto de proporcionar una nueva comprensión acerca del asentamiento temprano y el cambio tecnológico en esta región de los Andes Centrales.

This paper endeavors to establish some basic points of reference to better understand the early culture-historical dynamics of the Casma Valley. The revised chronology presented here follows the ceramic sequence developed by Peter Fuchs (1990) on the basis of his Cerro Sechín stratigraphy, confirmed and amplified in its early sections by his recent excavations at Sechín Bajo. A systematic review of the different categories of archaeological data reveals many lacunae that still persist in our record. Monumental architecture most clearly expresses the socio-cultural complexity of the ancient Casma Valley polities. It first appeared during the Sechín Period (3400-1650 cal BC) which is part of the Late Archaic (Preceramic), followed during the Early Formative by the Moxeke Period (1650-1400 cal BC) and the Haldas Period (1400-1000 cal BC) with their diagnostic ceramics. Within this timeframe, some hypotheses formulated by Shelia and Thomas Pozorski (2006) about the socio-political transactions between major Casma Valley sites are evaluated in the light of the archaeological evidence. The tradition of monumental adobe architecture that goes back to about 3400 cal BC in the Casma Valley, reminds us of analogous developments in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the ancient Near East. There still remains the challenge to adapt Archaic Period terminology in the Andes to those new discoveries (Kaulicke 1994, 2007: 17-18). / Las investigaciones recientes permiten esbozar un nuevo cuadro cronológico del valle de Casma gracias a la secuencia cerámica elaborada por Peter Fuchs (1990) sobre la base de la estratigrafía de Cerro Sechín, confirmada y ampliada en su parte temprana por los descubrimientos en Sechín Bajo. Al mismo tiempo, el recuento sistemático categorizado de los datos revelará muchas lagunas en el registro arqueológico actual. El avance sociocultural de los habitantes del valle de Casma se expresa, más claramente, en su arquitectura monumental. Se da a conocer, primero, en el Periodo Sechín (3400-1650 a.C.), que forma parte del Arcaico Tardío y Final, seguido durante el Formativo Temprano —según los contextos cerámicos diagnósticos—, por los periodos Moxeke (1650-1400 a.C.) y Haldas (1400-1000 a.C. [calib.]). Dentro de este marco se tratará de evaluar, a la luz de las evidencias arqueológicas, algunos desarrollos sociopolíticos bosquejados por Shelia y Thomas Pozorski (2006) como si fuesen reales. La presencia de una arquitectura monumental de adobe que se remonta hacia 3400 a.C. (calib.) en el valle de  Casma, hace recordar los desarrollos análogos del Neolítico Precerámico (Pre-Pottery Neolithic) del Cercano Oriente. Permanece pendiente el reto de estructurar una terminología conveniente para el Periodo Arcaico andino, de acuerdo con los nuevos descubrimientos (Kaulicke 1994; 2009: 17-18).

Orientador: Julieta Teresa Aier de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:19:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_MarcosAugustoPaladinidos_M.pdf: 5379593 bytes, checksum: a2542b073c8fd9b717774066d38811b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O estudo foi realizado no Assentamento Reage Brasil, localizado no município de Bebedouro, um dos pólos do cinturão citrícola paulista, o qual se compõe de 84 lotes agrícolas, além de uma área de 292 há de eucalipto que corresponde à área de manejo comum. O movimento de ocupação da terra se deu sob a organização do Sindicato de Empregados Rurais de Cosmópolis. O presente estudo analisou as formas de cooperação gestadas em uma comunidade assentada, como forma de superação das demandas e entraves, tomando como referência as relações construídas pelos trabalhadores rurais. Buscamos entender o processo de construção/desconstrução desta realidade; os sonhos que os moveram na luta pela conquista da terra, via Reforma Agrária, suas famílias, a constituição de espaços de sociabilidade e as experiências de cooperação, as quais se contrapõem, na constituição/expressão ao projeto de fomento ao associativismo e cooperativismo proposto pelo Estado. Para tanto, foram analisadas diferenciadas ¿formas de cooperação¿, a partir do cotidiano das famílias, bem como a formação do capital social e/ou economia moral, enquanto elemento de polarização do desenvolvimento das comunidades, fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e da economia solidária dentro dos assentamentos rurais. A escolinha Anjo da Guarda, o trabalho da multimistura com a Comissão Pastoral da Criança, a construção de uma cozinha piloto, o apoio ao posto avançado do Centro de Saúde, a manutenção da sede, manifestaram-se como expressões diferenciadas da ¿lógica de cooperação¿. Igualmente, o trabalho com a madeira sem valor comercial, a perspectiva de coordenarem o processo de trabalho respeitando suas habilidades, a mudança na relação com a cesta básica, o que lhes deu o direito de fazer suas compras diretamente num dos supermercados da cidade de Bebedouro, somam-se a tais expressões como fatores de ampliação da auto-estima do grupo e da mudança do olhar da comunidade local sobre os assentados. A ¿lógica de cooperação¿ pode incorporar diferentes formas de racionalidade, num processo em que diferentes individualidades entram em relação, podendo conviver lado a lado competição e solidariedade, numa demonstração de que como toda categoria histórica, a ¿lógica de cooperação¿ não tem desfechos programados / Abstract: The study was conducted at the rural settling Reage Brasil, constituted by 84 rural lots, with na area of 292 ha of eucalyptus, which is the common handling area, situated in the city of Bebedouro, part of the orange belt in the state of São Paulo. The occupation of the land took place under the arrangement of the Rural Union of Cosmópolis. The present study analyzed the forms of cooperation among rural workers in settled communities in order to overcome obstacles and demands. The understanding of the construction/deconstruction of this situation was sought, the dreams that led the workers to struggle for the land through the agrarian reform, their families, the building up of sociability and the experiences of cooperation which oppose to the constitution/expression of the project of associativism and cooperation development proposed by the government. The building up of ¿forms of cooperation¿ will be analyzed taking the everyday life of the families as a starting point, as well as the setting up of the social capital and/or moral economy as a component for the development of communities, the consolidation of family agriculture and the solidary economy in rural settlements. The school Anjo da Guarda, the use of multi-mistura with the help from Pastoral Commission on Children, the construction of a pilot kitchen, the support to the Health Center and the maintenance of the headquarters were different expressions of the ¿logic of cooperation¿ which along with the non-profitable handling of wood, the perspective of coordinating the working process respecting their abilities, the change in policy of cesta básica allowing them to purchase their goods in a local grocery store contributed to a raise in the group¿s self-esteem and the way the local community saw the settled families. The ¿logic of cooperation¿ may incorporate different forms of rationality in a process where different individualities join dealing with both competition and solidarity showing that like any historical category the ¿logic of cooperation¿ has no programmed closure / Mestrado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

L’espace provençal du 3ème millénaire av. n. è. laisse entrevoir un certain nombre d’éléments qui mettent en scène la complexité archéologique de la transition Néolithique final / Âge du Bronze ancien. En Provence, si le travail de J. Cauliez a ouvert la voie à un cadre chrono-culturel plus robuste et tissé une trame plus diversifiée des composantes céramiques de la fin du Néolithique, il n’en demeure pas moins que l’imbrication de l’évènement Campaniforme avec les différentes traditions locales se pose toujours comme un problème majeur, notamment en termes stratigraphiques, dans la compréhension des gisements domestiques de cette période. L’analyse des différents types de vestiges archéologiques liés à ces contextes requiert à notre sens une étude complémentaire fondée sur les logiques d’implantation des sites d’habitat dans le paysage afin de mieux saisir l’ensemble des mécanismes socio-culturels émergeants à l’aube de l’Âge du Bronze. Grâce à la mise en place d’une base de données relationnelle couplée à un Système d’Information Géographique, il a été possible de générer de nouvelles informations spatiales sur les sites géo-référencés de notre corpus. Ainsi, après des analyses statistiques multivariées exploratoires sur les données archéologiques issues de la littérature et les nouvelles données spatiales, il a été possible de caractériser finement les implantations de chacun des gisements étudiés à l’échelle de la Provence (426 sites) puis à l’échelle du Luberon (analyse territoriale basée sur 70 sites) et de dégager des tendances principales dans les choix d’installation de ces populations au cours du 3ème millénaire av. n. è. / The archaeological complexity of the transition between Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age can be characterized by a certain amount of elements found in the Provence area in the 3rd millennium BCE. Despite the fact that the work done by J. Cauliez in Provence provided a more structured chrono-cultural framework and a more diversified background concerning ceramic components in the Late Neolithic, the Bell Beaker event overlapping the various local traditions still appears as a crucial issue. It specifically relates to the understanding of domestic deposits in this period in terms of stratigraphic studies. Following the analysis of these different types of archaeological remains in these dwellings, we believed that an in-depth study on settlement patterns in the landscape must be carried out to better comprehend the emerging social and cultural mechanisms at the dawn of Bronze Age. Due to the set up of a relational database integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS), new spatial items were generated on the georeferenced sites listed in our corpus. Finally, after the use of statistical multivariate and exploratory analysis based on archaeological data from bibliographic references and on new spatial data, a precise implantation’s characterization of each investigated deposits has been possible, first in Provence (426 establishments), then in Luberon (territorial analysis involving 70 sites) as well as an identification of significant trends regarding dwelling choices by the populations living in the 3rd millennium BCE.

Orientador: José Giacomo Baccarin / Resumo: O município de Uberlândia (MG) possui quinze projetos de assentamentos rurais e, para a realização desta pesquisa, elegemos o assentamento Dom José Mauro como objeto de estudo, por ainda não possuir uma cooperativa ou associação que auxilie os assentados na comercialização dos alimentos pelos mercados institucionais e, também, pelo fato de ser o segundo maior assentamento do município, com 197 famílias assentadas em uma área de 4.470 hectares. Aplicamos a entrevista semiestruturada em 20% do número de famílias assentadas, o equivalente a 40 entrevistas. A proposta desse estudo é analisar a efetividade das políticas públicas no assentamento rural Dom José Mauro, com o objetivo de verificar se elas contribuem para a permanência das famílias em seus lotes. Diante disso, defendemos a tese de que tanto o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) quanto o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) contribuem efetivamente para a permanência das famílias em seus lotes, para o fortalecimento dos agricultores familiares e para a estruturação de suas organizações no município de Uberlândia (MG). No assentamento Dom José Mauro, encontramos famílias que praticam diferentes atividades para continuarem na terra, desenvolvendo atividades ligadas ao cultivo de alimentos, à pecuária leiteira e também prestando serviços fora de sua propriedade, além da participação nos mercados institucionais. Essas atividades constituem formas encontradas para gerar renda nos estabelecimentos, plantando, p... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The municipality of Uberlândia (MG) has fifteen rural settlement projects and, in order to carry out this research, we elected the Dom José Mauro settlement as the object of study, as it does not yet have a cooperative or association that helps settlers in the commercialization of food by the markets institutional and also because it is the second largest settlement in the municipality, with 197 families settled in an area of 4,470 hectares. We applied semistructured interviews to 20% of the number of settled families, equivalent to 40 interviews. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of public policies in the Dom José Mauro rural settlement, with the objective of verifying whether they contribute to the permanence of families in their plots. Therefore, we defend the thesis that both the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) effectively contribute to the permanence of families in their lots, to the strengthening of family farmers and to the structuring of their organizations in the city of Uberlândia (MG). In the Dom José Mauro settlement, we find families who practice different activities to stay on the land, developing activities related to food cultivation, dairy farming and also providing services outside their property, in addition to participation in institutional markets. These activities are ways found to generate income in the establishments, planting, producing, cultivating and commercializing products. Thr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: El municipio de Uberlândia (MG) tiene quince proyectos de asentamiento rural y, para llevar a cabo esta investigación, elegimos el asentamiento Dom José Mauro como objeto de estudio, ya que aún no tiene una cooperativa o asociación que ayude a los colonos en la comercialización de alimentos por los mercados institucional y también porque es el segundo asentamiento más grande del municipio, con 197 familias asentadas en un área de 4,470 hectáreas. Aplicamos entrevistas semiestructuradas al 20% del número de familias asentadas, lo que equivale a 40 entrevistas. El propósito de este estudio es analizar la efectividad de las políticas públicas en el asentamiento rural Dom José Mauro, con el objetivo de verificar si contribuyen a la permanencia de las familias en sus parcelas. Por lo tanto, defendemos la tesis de que tanto el Programa de Adquisición de Alimentos (PAA) como el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) contribuyen efectivamente a la permanencia de las familias en sus parcelas, al fortalecimiento de los agricultores familiares y a la estructuración de sus organizaciones en la ciudad de Uberlândia (MG). En el asentamiento Dom José Mauro, encontramos familias que practican diferentes actividades para permanecer en la tierra, desarrollando actividades relacionadas con el cultivo de alimentos, la producción lechera y también brindando servicios fuera de su propiedad, además de la participación en mercados institucionales. Estas actividades son formas de generar in... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

On the Columbia Plateau, the origin of the Winter Village Pattern has long been a focus of research. Intensification of resources such as salmon, roots, and local aquatic resources is often cited as the cause of declining mobility. To address this question in the middle Snake River region, I have re-analyzed fish remains from the Hetrick site (10WN469; Weiser, ID), with occupations spanning the Holocene. Expectations from foraging theory and paleoclimate data are used to address whether salmon and other fish use changed over time and if such changes are correlated with the development of the Winter Village Pattern. The results of my research indicate that there is no correlation between the timing of increased salmonid use at the Hetrick site and paleoclimatic change or the earliest evidence for the Winter Village Pattern. Further, these results are very similar to patterns of fish use seen at other sites on the Snake River, particularly those from the Early and Middle Holocene.

The parallel development of archaeology and Quaternary geology in several regions of the world is reviewed, and common problems in dating and correlating alluvial sequences are discussed. Buried archaeological remains and radiometric dates provide a chronological framework for the sequence of Late Quaternary alluvial deposits in the central Jordan Rift. While previous studies emphasized a simple, two-stage model of Late Quaternary alluvial deposition, regional comparisons of the geomorphological contexts of archaeological sites of different ages indicate complex, multiple depositional and erosional cycles. These cycles were influenced by tectonism, climatic changes, human land use, and natural geomorphic thresholds, sometimes in combination. The stratigraphy and chronology of early agricultural settlements in the valley are summarized, and investigations at a protohistoric agricultural town are described. Major regional shifts in prehistoric and protohistoric patterns of agriculture and settlement are interpreted in terms of the impacts of changes in alluvial regimes. These correlations have implications for models of agricultural origins, and the stability and resilience of sedentary settlements in dry lands.

Using GIS, this study creates a predictive model of a distinct population of French-Canadian settlers, highlighting shared environmental characteristics of known sites that may have factored into their decision-making process as they chose locations for their farmsteads. While traditional historic and archaeological research has been conducted on French Prairie, the advent of GIS and readily available data sets facilitated this first multivariate, statistical, predictive model of French-Canadian settlement. This study explored theoretical and logistical issues of predictive modeling and determined that this population may be uniquely suited to predictive modeling. Here, however, substantiating a previous settlement pattern was problematic and the variables used produced a weak predictive model. One by-product of this research was the digitalization, rectification and analysis of 1852 GLO maps of the French Prairie during the development of the "known sites" data theme. As an initial attempt at modeling, this study points to the need for ongoing archeological testing and modeling efforts as development on and around French Prairie threatens archaeological resources. The study suggests other environmental and social variables for further testing. / Graduation date: 2005

El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es el análisis de las preferencias en la selección de los lugares de asentamiento por parte de las sociedades de cazadores-recolectores de la transición Pleistoceno Final - Holoceno (es decir, Magdaleniense y Aziliense) de la mitad oriental de la Cornisa Cantábrica. Más concretamente, se trata de de analizar, calculando una serie de características y variables, la localización de una serie de yacimientos asignados a este periodo, para tratar de identificar un patrón o patrones concretos en el tipo de lugares elegidos por las comunidades humanas para situar sus lugares de hábitat, si pueden diferenciarse distintos tipos de asentamientos en función de su localización, y si existe un cambio en las preferencias en la selección de los lugares de ocupación con respecto a momentos anteriores. Para llevar a cabo estos análisis, se emplea un Sistema de Información Geográfica. / The objective of this thesis is the analysis of preferences in the choice of settlement sites by the hunter-gatherers of Final Pleistocene - Holocene transition (i.e., Magdalenian and Azilian) from eastern Cantabrian coast. More specifically, the location of a number of sites is analyzed by calculating different characteristics and variables, to try to identify a specific pattern or patterns in the type of sites selected by human communities to bring their places of habitat, to differentiate different types of settlements based on their location, and whether a change in preferences in the selection of places of employment with respect to earlier periods. To perform these tests, a Geographic Information System is used to calculate the variables considered.

No description available.