Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Estimar o recalque em estacas à um problema muito complexo, incerto e ainda nÃo totalmente compreendido, devido Ãs muitas incertezas associadas aos fatores que afetam a magnitude desta deformaÃÃo. As RNA sÃo ferramentas que funcionam analogamente ao cÃrebro humano, e sua unidade principal, o neurÃnio artificial, trabalha de maneira semelhante ao neurÃnio biolÃgico. Esta ferramenta alternativa vem sendo aplicada com sucesso em muitos problemas de engenharia geotÃcnica, podendo, portanto ser utilizadas como uma ferramentas alternativas para avaliar recalques em estacas isoladas. Nessa pesquisa as RNA utilizadas foram do tipo perceptron de mÃltiplas camadas, empregando um treinamento supervisionado utilizando o algoritmo de retropropagaÃÃo do erro. O modelo desenvolvido relaciona o recalque em estacas isoladas com as propriedades geomÃtricas das estacas (diÃmetro e comprimento), a estratigrafia e as caracterÃsticas de compacidade, ou consistÃncia dos solos por meio dos resultados obtidos nos ensaios SPT, e a carga atuante, obtidas em provas de carga realizadas em estacas hÃlice contÃnua, cravada metÃlica e escavada. O conjunto de aprendizagem foi composto por 1947 exemplos de entrada e saÃda. Com auxilio do programa QNET2000 foram treinadas e validadas vÃrias arquiteturas de redes neurais. ApÃs comparar o desempenho da curva carga x recalque elaborada com os recalques estimados pelo modelo proposto com a curva carga x recalque resultante da prova de carga estÃtica e com a curva carga x recalque gerada pelo emprego do programa comercial baseado em elementos finitos tridimensionais PLAXIS 3D Foundation, constatou-se que as RNA foram capazes de entender o comportamento das fundaÃÃes profundas do tipo estacas hÃlice contÃnua, escavada e cravada metÃlica, possibilitando dentre outras coisas, a definiÃÃo das cargas de trabalho e cargas limites nas estacas. / Predicting the settlement in deep foundation is a very complex, uncertain and not yet fully understood, due to the many uncertainties associated with factors that affect the magnitude of this deformation. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a tool that works similarly to the human brain, its main unit, the artificial neuron, works in a similar way to the biological neuron. This alternative tool has been successfully applied in many geotechnical engineering problems and can therefore be used as an alternative tool to evaluate the behavior of settlement in isolated piles. In this paper, the ANN used were the multilayer perceptron type, employing a supervised training that uses the error back propagation algorithm. The model developed relates settlement in isolated piles with the type and the geometrical properties of the piles (diameter and length), the stratigraphy and characteristics of compactness or consistency of soils by means of the SPT tests results, and the load applied, obtained in static pile load tests performed in continuous helix, steel driven and excavated pile types. The data set used to model consisted of 1.947 samples of input and output. QNET 2000 was the program used to assist the training and validation of various architectures of neural networks. The architecture formed by 10 nodes in the input layer, 28 neurons distributed in 4 intermediate layers and one neuron in the output layer, corresponding to the measured discharge for cutting (A10: 14:8:4:2:1) was the one that showed the best performance, with the correlation coefficient between the estimated settlements and settlements measured during the validation phase of 0.94, such value can be considered satisfactory when considering the prediction of a complex phenomenon. After comparing the performance of the applied load x settlement estimated by model proposed curve with the applied load x settlement measured in static pile load test curve and the applied load x settlement estimated by an elasto-plastic model thru numerical simulation, it was found that the ANN were able to understand the behavior of deep foundations of continuous helix, steel driven and excavated piles type, allowing among other things, the definition of workloads and load limits at the pile.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao LucianeMarinho.pdf: 71510 bytes, checksum: c92cf598c16ac6e7f606ff762a3021c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to reflect on the social changes since the creation of the Settlement Projects Agroextrativista (PAE) in Humaitá (AM), the Madeira River. The study area of our empirical investigation has been called in Anthony Lake, a place made up of eight communities that are part of the SAP in San Joaquin Humaitá. We aim to understand how this new mode of settlement, considered sustainable by government agencies and ONGs, are understood by the so-called "traditional communities". Accordingly, we find that these different models of settlements can be characterized as an attempt to command and control to mitigate the environmental problems caused mainly by the production of soybeans, the exploitation of illegal timber, the land grabbing and deforestation in the areas of fields and savannas in this border region. Also drew our attention, the rationality of the communities of Anthony Lake on collective actions and a positive reciprocity between the families of the eight communities of Anthony Lake. Opposite situation of development policies, which underpin the rules for individual access to natural resources, as the model of the plots of the settlements. In sum, we conclude that the formulation of government policies, in the case of such types of settlement, has promoted sustainable development in the region that seeks a certain disciplining of land use, based on the commodification of natural assets. / Este trabalho de pesquisa busca refletir sobre as transformações sociais a partir da criação dos Projetos de Assentamento Agroextrativista (PAE) em Humaitá (AM), no rio Madeira. A área de estudo de nossa investigação empírica foi no chamado Lago do Antônio, lugar composto por oito comunidades que fazem parte do PAE São Joaquim em Humaitá. Objetivamos compreender como esta nova modalidade de assentamento, considerado sustentável pelas agências governamentais e não governamentais, são entendidas pelas ditas comunidades tradicionais . Nesse sentido, constatamos que esses modelos de assentamentos diferenciados podem ser caracterizados como uma tentativa de comando e controle para mitigar os problemas ambientais causados, sobretudo, pela produção da soja, da exploração de madeira ilegal, da grilagem de terras e do desmatamento nas áreas de campos e savanas nessa região de fronteira. Também chamou-nos atenção, a racionalidade das comunidades do Lago do Antônio baseada em ações coletivas e numa reciprocidade positiva entre as famílias das oito comunidades do Lago do Antônio. Situação contrária das políticas desenvolvimentistas, que enaltecem as regras de acesso individual aos recursos naturais, conforme o modelo da parcelas dos assentamentos. Em suma, concluímos que na formulação das políticas governamentais, no caso desses modelos de assentamento, tem-se promovido um desenvolvimento sustentável na região que busca uma certa disciplinarização do uso do território, pautado na mercantilização dos bens naturais.

Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles Sandoval / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_EdleneSantos_M.pdf: 7829108 bytes, checksum: c54e92f8b8dba8c92b6590daa851cc97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente estudo se debruça sobre aspectos importantes da educação em assentamentos rurais do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Procuramos analisar a formação educacional de jovens que vivem em assentamentos rurais, levando-se em consideração a influência do sistema educacional nas rápidas transformações ocorridas no campo brasileiro. Foi investigada a gênese e evolução do discurso histórico do MST, como um dos movimentos sociais populares, contemporâneos, mais representativos da América Latina, cuja dinâmica marcou, na história das políticas sociais, as lutas em torno da antiexclusão, as lutas por autonomia, cidadania e educação na terra. O MST tem destaque pela sua história de crescimento organizado e estratégico, o que exigiu de seus representantes um pensamento sistemático e formalizado sobre a implantação da educação no campo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com um grupo de jovens no assentamento Lagoa e Caldeirão em Vitória da Conquista/BA no período de dois anos (2010/2011). Sobremodo, a análise referida norteou esse estudo no intuito de se compreender seus pressupostos ideológicos e pedagógicos, investigando, especificamente, a contribuição da educação na formação do jovem assentado, bem como, sua permanência no campo, visto que, estão localizados num cenário de mudanças nas relações sociais, inscritas a partir do aprofundamento da desigualdade social. Portanto, essa pesquisa tem o compromisso de corroborar com a pedagogia do MST, entendendo que ela é necessária para os jovens assentados e voltada para os interesses, necessidades e objetivos do movimento. Uma pedagogia para seus seguidores e militantes nos campos brasileiros capaz de formá-los para uma cidadania e uma autonomia de enfrentamento consciente. / Resumé: Cette étude se concentre sur les aspects importants de l'éducation en milieu rural colonisé par de "Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Terra Sem" (MST). Nous avons essayé d'analyser le développement de l'éducation des jeunes vivant en milieu rural colonisé, en tenant compte de l'influence du système éducatif dans les changements rapides qui se produisent dans le domaine brésilienne. Nous avons étudié la genèse et l'évolution du discours historique du MST, comme mouvements sociaux populaires, contemporaines, plus représentatifs de l'Amérique latine, dont la dynamique a marqué dans l'histoire des lutes sociales autour de la lutte politique contre l'exclusion, la lutte pour l'autonomie, la citoyenneté et l'éducation dans le pays. Le MST a mis en évidence l'histoire de La croissance organique et stratégique, qui a demandé à ses représentants une pensée formelle et systématique sur le déploiement de l'éducation sur terrain. La recherche a été menée avec un groupe de jeunes gens dans la colonie de Lagoa e Caldeirão à Vitória / BA depuis deux ans (2010/2011). En effet, l'analyse visée a guidé cette étude afin de comprendre leurs hypothèses pédagogiques et idéologiques, en cherchant, plus précisément la contribution de l'éducation dans la formation des jeunes colonisateurs, ainsi que leur séjour sur terrain, parce qu'ils sont situés dans une évolution du paysage dans les relations sociales, enregistrée à partir de l'approfondissement des inégalités sociales. Par conséquent, cette recherche s'est engagé à collaborer avec la pédagogie de la MST, em sachant qu'elle est nécessaire pour les jeunes colonisateurs et se tourne vers les intérêts, les besoins et lês objectifs du mouvement. Une pédagogie pour ses adeptes et militants dans des terrains brésiliens en mesure de les former à une citoyenneté et une autonomie consciente de faire face aux choses. / Abstract: This study focuses on important aspects of education in rural settlements of "Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra" (MST). We tried to analyze the educational development of young people living in rural settlements, taking into account the influence of the education system in the rapid changes occurring in the Brazilian field. We studied the genesis and evolution of historical discourse of MST, as popular social movements, contemporary, more representative of Latin America, whose dynamics marked in the social's history struggles around the political fight against exclusion, the struggle for autonomy, citizenship and education in the country. The MST has highlighted the history of organic growth and strategic, which asked its representatives a formal and systematic thinking on the deployment of the education on the field. The research was conducted with a group of young people in the settlement Lagoa and Caldeirão located in Vitória / BA for two years (2010/2011). Extremely, the referred analysis has guided this study in order to understand their educational and ideological assumptions, seeking, specifically the contribution of education in the training of young settler, as well as their stay in the field, because they are located in a changing landscape in social relations, registered from the deepening of social inequality. Therefore, this research is committed to corroborate the pedagogy of the MST, understanding that it is necessary for young settlers and turned to the interests, needs and goals of the movement. the pedagogy for his followers and activists in the fields Brazilian able to train them for a citizenship and a range of coping conscious. / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Mestre em Educação

The discovery of commercial quantities of oil and gas resources in the Gulf of Guinea and parts of East Africa has once again raised expectations that sustained development will emerge in one of the world’s poorest regions. At the same time there is great concern that Africa’s new resource-rich countries will succumb to the so-called resource curse phenomenon because of their generally weak governance institutions. In response to this challenge, the international community has intensified its efforts to promote good governance mechanisms in such countries, focused on transparency and accountability, and informed by a dominant institutionalist literature which argues that the differences in resource governance outcomes can be explained by the differences in institutional design and performance. A recent turn to politics in both the development and resource curse literature has begun to move the research agenda beyond the primacy of institutions to look at the politics that underpin the emergence and performance of institutions. This is particularly evidenced in the emerging literature on political settlements that emphasise the distribution of power amongst social groups in society and how these power relations shape institutions and in turn development outcomes. This new political lens is helping to deepen analysis of how and why resource-rich countries prevent or succumb to the resource curse and provides an opportunity to interrogate the inclusive development prospects of Africa’s new oil-rich countries. In this thesis, I apply and extend the political settlement approaches by incorporating ideational and spatial dynamics, to analyse the prospect of inclusive development outcomes in Ghana where oil and gas resources were discovered in 2007. Focusing on the power relations between and amongst national elites and elites in the oil producing Western Region, I interrogate the ways in which the spatial dynamics of Ghana’s prevailing competitive clientelist political settlement is shaping the governance of the oil sector, and the implications it has for inclusive development. I find that at the onset of a resource boom, the dynamics of local politics, and the dominant incentives and ideas generated by the political settlement has strongly shaped the content and enforcement of Ghana’s foundation institutions to manage the oil sector, in ways that reinforces the pre-oil settlement around the governance of natural resources and undermines the long-term prospects for inclusive development. At the same time, the oil boom has also been accompanied by the increased use of formal institutions and suggests that Ghana may be moving away from personalised to more programmatic forms of clientelism.

Doctor Legum - LLD / The objective of this study was to expose how the ineffectiveness of the anti-corruption measures contributed in delaying the right to housing, as proffered by the Constitution of South Africa, to the impoverished population at large. The result of this study has shown that the available resources of the state were not sufficiently protected against malfeasance in the public service. The plethora of anti-corruption measures has not deterred wayward public officials from personally abusing the 'available resources' earmarked for housing. Stark evidence of corruption was revealed by the SIU Reports (2011, 2012, and 2013) that confirmed endemic proportions of corruption in the public housing programme that had seen housing projects delayed, half-completed and not built. The point is, that the right to housing is not necessarily delayed by a lack of economic resources as often claimed by the government, but rather that those resources are available, but not amply protected against corruption by the anti-corruption measures and agencies in place, to do this. Procurement processes are undermined by public officials, including management, who by-pass laws that govern public finance. This behaviour has been pervasive in the human settlement programme since 2007 when the SIU embarked on its proclamation to investigate corruption in the social housing programme. Exacerbating the abuse of available resource is the first citizen, the President who the Constitutional Court found has unlawfully benefited from security upgrades at his private home, Nkandla. Thus the public service suffers from an acute lack of ethical behaviour and thereby good governance and this has made the government vulnerable to breaching international treaty obligations insofar as realisation of the minimum core in housing and protecting the maximum available resources for housing against malfeasance in government. Instead that government realises the right to housing for the impoverished soonest, the government was rather pre-occupied with abusing state funds earmarked as such and thereby deprived the right to enjoy access to housing, in particular to the homeless and the most desperate. / National Research Foundation (NRF); Ryoichi Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship Fund (Sylff); Erasmus Mundus Aesop+

A dearth of information was found to guide food product formulation for low-income consumers. The political change in South Africa and neighbouring countries and the accompanying influx to economic centres, resulted in the unprecedented growth of urbanised informal settlements. These communities, accommodating the poorest of the poor and experiencing a high prevalence of nutritional devastation, indicated a merited project opportunity. The purpose of the study was to develop a food product formulation framework for low-income consumers living in urbanised informal settlements in South Africa. The unique contribution of this approach is based on the depiction of the food product attribute (concept) needs perceived as most important by these respondents during purchasing choice of their staple food, maize meal. The study comprised five sub-objectives, executed in three phases. The concepts required by low-income consumers were identified, selected and organised through a baseline survey in an informal settlement (n = 60). Satiety value, affordability, packaging size, value for money and taste were identified, in sequence, as the most important design parameters for the framework. The food industry (n = 17) indicated affordability, nutrient content, taste and product quality as the food product attributes of most importance during food product development, indicating a discrepancy. Phase 2 of this study consisted of two parallel approaches, comprising an extended survey to validate the suggested design parameters in the target market against an established product maize meal) (quantitative approach) and the description of the identified concepts to reveal embedded elements to clarify terminology use (qualitative approach). Three informal (n = 401) and one formal (n = 101) settlement were involved. All groups agreed regarding the need for satiety value, product acceptability, convenience and the influence of household factors. Consumers from the informal settlements identified satiety value and affordability as of highest importance, followed by taste. Appearance, product quality, texture, product safety/ shelf life, brand loyalty and nutrient content were indicated as less important, prioritising concepts linked to survival during severely constrained economic conditions. Consumers living in the urbanised formal settlement, identified taste as the key concept. Focus group discussions revealed no differences in the meaning ascribed to terminology, although perceptions reflected the variance in income level. The identified concept elements revealed the interlinked nature of satiety value and affordability. Differences in the understanding of concepts between these consumers and literature, were revealed. Concepts to consider when developing food products for low-income consumers were identified as satiety value, affordability, taste, product acceptability, convenience/ ease of preparation, household influence, appearance, value for money, product quality, packaging size, texture, product safety/ shelf life, brand loyalty and nutrient content, in the stated sequence. A framework was proposed. However, from a humanitarian point of view, nutrient content cannot be ignored by the food industry. As the key to market success lies in the potential of a product to find solutions relating to its physical nature, as well as in the use and advantages of the product, the results of this research project have great application value. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Consumer Science / unrestricted

Informal settlements are a common occurrence in South African due to housing backlogs and shortage of housing subsidies, and are often located on disputed land. To improve in-situ circumstances of these communities, informal settlement upgrades and urban design is required. Spatial data and maps are essential throughout the entire upgrading and urban design process in order to understand the current environment, plan new developments and communicate planned developments. All stakeholders need to understand maps to ensure active participation in the urban design process. Previous research demonstrated that a large number of planning professionals in South Africa have a relatively low level of map literacy, which is considered to be inadequate for effective planning. Many researchers proclaimed that because 3D visualisations resemble the real environment more than traditional maps, and are more intuitive, therefore 3D geovisualisations are easier to interpret. The goal of this research is to investigate the use of 3D geovisualisations (specifically 3D city models) for urban design in informal settlement upgrading in South Africa. To achieve this goal, the following topics were investigated: modelling processes (manual and procedural); visual design (visual characteristics, visual complexity and visual variables); and cognition related to spatial tasks on 3D geovisualisations and comparable alternatives (i.e. topographic maps, aerial photographs, 2D maps) when performing basic map reading tasks. Procedural modelling was found to be a feasible alternative to time-consuming manual modelling and has the capabilities to produce high-quality models. When investigating the visual design, the visualisation characteristics of 3D models of informal settlements, and relevance of a subset of visual variables for urban design activities of informal settlement upgrades were assessed. The results were used to produce various maps and 3D geovisualisations that were presented in quantitative user studies and expert interviews. The results of four user studies and expert interviews contributed to understanding the impact of various levels of complexity in 3D city models and map literacy of future geoinformatics and planning professionals when using aerial photographs, 2D maps and 3D models. The research results could assist planners in designing suitable 3D models for use throughout the entire urban design process. / As gevolg van agterstande met behuising en ’n tekort aan behuisingsubsidies, is informele woongebiede ’n algemene verskynsel in Suid-Afrika en is dit dikwels op betwiste grond geleë. Om hierdie in-situ omstandighede van die gemeenskappe te verbeter, is daar opgradering en stedelike beplanning nodig. Ruimtelike data en kaarte is deurlopend noodsaaklik vir die volledige opgradering en stadsbeplanningproses om sodoende die huidige omgewing te verstaan, nuwe ontwikkelings te beplan en die beplande ontwikkelings te kommunikeer. Dit is noodsaaklik dat alle rolspelers kaarte verstaan om aktiewe deelname aan die stedelike beplanningsproses te verseker. Vorige navorsing het getoon dat ’n groot aantal professionele beplanners in Suid-Afrika ’n relatiewe lae vlak van kaartgeletterdheid het, wat beskou word as onvoldoende om doeltreffende beplanning te kan doen. Baie navorsers maak daarop aanspraak dat 3D geovisualiserings nader aan die werklike omgewing is en dat dit meer intuïtief en makliker as tradisionele kaarte vertolk kan word. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om die gebruik van 3D geovisualiserings (meer spesifiek 3D stadsmodelle) te ondersoek om die ontwikkeling van stadsbeplanning in informele woongebiede in Suid-Afrika op te gradeer. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik, is die volgende onderwerpe nagevors: modelleringsprosesse (volgens handleidings en prosesse); visuele ontwerp (visuele eienskappe, visuele kompleksiteit en visuele veranderlikes); en die herkenning van verwante ruimtelike take op 3D geovisualiserings en vergelykbare alternatiewe (byvoorbeeld topografiese kaarte, lugfoto’s, 2D kaarte) wanneer basiese kaartlees take uitgevoer word. Prosedurele modellering is ’n haalbare alternatief teenoor tydrowende modellering volgens handleidings en dit het die moontlikhede om hoë kwaliteit modelle te lewer. By die ondersoek van visuele ontwerp is die visuele karaktereienskappe van 3D modelle van informele woongebiede en die relevantheid van ’n onderafdeling van visuele veranderlikes beoordeel/geassesseer vir ontwerpaktiwiteite by informele nedersettings. Die resultate is gebruik om verskillende kaarte en 3D geovisualiserings te skep wat in kwantitatiewe gebruikerstudies en in onderhoude met kenners aangebied is. Die resultate van vier gebruikerstudies en onderhoude met kenners, het bygedra om die impak te verstaan van verskillende moeilikheidsvlakke van 3D stadsmodelle en kaartgeletterdheid van toekomstige geoinformatika- en professionele beplanners wanneer lugfoto’s, 2D kaarte en 3D modelle gebruik word. Die navorsingsresultate kan beplanners ondersteun om geskikte 3D modelle te ontwerp wat deurlopend in die stedelike beplanningsproses gebruik kan word. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / National Research Foundation (NRF) / German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) / University of Pretoria’s vice-chancellor academic development grant / University of Pretoria’s Study Abroad programme / Centre for Geoinformation Science / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / PhD / Unrestricted

As a result of apartheid’s history, the current South African government was initially faced with two major challenges in the development of sustainable human settlement in urban areas: delivering the quantity of houses needed to reduce the massive housing backlog (notably in black townships) and overcoming the problem of racially-based spatial separation inherited from the apartheid era. To rectify the legacies of apartheid, the state has sought to pursue a massive housing programme in urban areas for poor urban blacks. In doing so, though, it has worked within the confines of the racially-segregated South African city and has adopted a macro-economic policy with a pronounced neo-liberal thrust. This thesis examines the South African state’s housing programme with reference to questions about social sustainability and specifically sustainable human settlements. It does so by highlighting social capital and the different forms it takes, notably bonding, binding and linking capitals. This is pursued through a case study of a small area of a black township in Grahamstown called Hlalani. The case focuses on the lived experiences of Hlalani residents and their intra-household and inter-household relations as well as their linkages with local state structures. It is concluded that social capital is weak and incipient in Hlalani and that Hlalani could not, by any definition or measurement of the term, be labeled as a sustainable human settlement.

Organisational culture is different from the societal culture. However, both cultures share common elements which are values. Any organisation has a culture that is determined by its leadership; nature of business and its operation. However, organisational culture is influenced by its external trends, which are political; environmental; social; technological; legal and economical factors which changes from time to time. These determinants have direct and indirect impact on the organisational culture of the organisation. Organisational culture is powerful influence on organisational behavior of the employees and it has norms that dictate how members of the organisation should behave. Moreover, it has a meaning why members of the organisation should or behave the way they do. There is a greater need of the EAP to understand to organisational culture of the organisation as it has an impact on employees’ wellbeing and the productivity of the organisation. EAP professional should understand the organisational culture and its impact on the members of the organisation should be able to design appropriate interventions to help its members to cope and adapt on the organisational culture. Though organisational cultures differ from one organisation to the other, but organisational culture is essential for the successful operation of the organisation. It is also essential for both successful organisational change and change management; and improving the value of the workforce. The researcher believes that EAP is one of the labour management support system that can be used by organisations to influence the culture of the organisation through its core technologies. These can be proven through the literature review and empirical study testing the degree of the EAP influence on the organisational culture in the National Department of Human Settlements. The premise of this research is based on the exploring the relationship between the EAP and organisational culture as well as the influence of the EAP on the organisational culture in the National Department of Human Settlements. More importantly this study seeks to enquire the EAP and organisational culture and their influence on each other through the following objectives:- <ul> <li> To describe the organisational culture through the literature review;</li> <li> To describe trough he EAP through the literature review;</li> <li> To explore the culture that exists within the National Department of Human Settlements through an empirical study;</li> <li> To explore the relationship and the integration of the EAP on the organisational culture within the National Department of Human Settlements through an empirical study;</li> <li> To formulate conclusion and recommendations regarding the influence of an EAP on the organisational culture of the National Department of Human Settlements; and</li> <li> To develop a guideline to enhance organisational culture through the means of the EAP.</li> </ul> The literature study has shown that EAP has a role on the organisational culture through its core technologies such as: training and development, marketing, case management, consultation with work organisation, networking and monitoring and evaluation. It has been revealed that there is a limited literature the integration of the EAP and the organisational culture. However, through literature review there were common elements between EAP and organisational culture that revealed the relationship between these two concepts. This study has revealed that there is knowledge gap on the integration of the EAP with the organisational culture. On the other hand, it has revealed that there is extensive information regarding organisational culture including its; key features, levels, types, factors contributing towards its formation and its determinants in the organisation. The empirical findings obtained from a sample of employees from the Department of Human Settlements (supervisors, managers and employees) have revealed the core aspect of the study through the quantitative research method. The researcher had applied the quantitative approach, since observations were systematically undertaken in a standardized statistical procedure. Data were presented by means of exact figures gained from precise measurement. This methodology was to explore the degree of the utilization of the EAP in the Department, the type of organisational culture that exist in the Department, the degree of the EAP influence on the organisational culture and the position of the EAP on the organisational culture in the Department. The findings and its analysis revealed that the Department has different organisational cultures and there are dominant cultures as well as the subcultures. They also revealed the degree of the EAP utilization in the Department, the influence of the EAP on different types of organisational culture and the position of the EAP on the organisational culture in the Department. The research conclusions and recommendations served as a basis of developing the guideline to enhance organisational culture through the EAP in the National Department of Human Settlements. These guidelines seek to assist the management of the Department to promote the organisational culture that yields better organisational performance and its productivity, development and empowerment, enhance management support and the entire staff well-being in the Department. “Every human being, created in the image of God, is endowed with a power akin to that of the Creator-individuality, power to think and to do…It is the work of true education to develop this power, to train the youth to be thinkers, and not mere reflectors of other men’s thought.” (Ellen G. White) “Education is the great engine to personal development. It is through education that the daughter of a peasant can become a doctor, that the son of a mine worker can become the head of the mine; that the child of farm workers can become the president of a great nation. It is what we make of what we have, not what we are given, that separates one person from another.” (Nelson Mandela). Copyright / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Governments and municipalities in the developing world face the challenge of rapid environmental deterioration in the growing informal settlements along the urban fringes. Waste management, its efficiency, or lack thereof, is becoming an increasingly urgent issue. In this thesis, Winterveld, located approx. 50 km north of Pretoria, is studied as a typical example of the problems and bottlenecks related to solid domestic waste management in a mixed urban fringe settlement. While the formal parts of Winterveld receive waste removal services, the – much larger - informal parts are not being provided with such services. A wide range of methodologies was employed to assess the current status of waste management and related environmental problems. Policies and actual service delivery by the City of Tshwane, responsible for providing waste removal service to the area, were investigated; surveys were conducted among waste removal contractors in and around Winterveld, and the residents from both formal and informal settlements. Field surveys were conducted to identify environmental problems on site, dumping sites and their change over time were mapped and digitized on orthophotos. Vegetation surveys complemented the fieldwork, as illegal dumping sites often are masked by vegetation. The following aspects were investigated: 1) the efficiency of governmental and municipal efforts regarding waste removal in informal Winterveld; 2) environmental and health problems caused by improper handling of waste; 3) the residents' attitudes towards waste management; 4) possible solutions to the problems. The findings revealed that Winterveld is not an exception from other informal settlements with regards to waste management. People are of the opinion that waste management is the sole responsibility of the government thus the residents are doing little to improve their own area. Government initiatives which include provision of facilities for waste management are misused and vandalised by the residents. Dumping along the roads, according to some residents is used as a call to the government to attract attention that the residents need removal services. The initiatives by the municipality should ensure that solid waste management facilities are socially acceptable and environmentally and economically sound. It is therefore very important to involve the community when investigate technologies that will benefit the economy and the environment maximally. Informing people may encourage them to change their negative attitudes by making them feel as an important part of waste management, this will eventually compel them to cooperate and play a positive role in waste management. Until such time that they change their attitudes, there is little hope that they will appreciate and protect the facilities provided. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MSc / Unrestricted