A critical speech culture in which diverse and marginalized voices are heard is becoming increasingly important. In this context, gender-appropriate language seeks portraying plurality. However, new linguistic forms are the subject of heated debates, and opponents fear grammatical incorrectness, complications, deformations or constraints. While translation studies have been investigating how to avoid linguistic sexism since the 1980s (Godard 1988; Flotow 1991), the topic has hardly been addressed in interpreting studies, although gender-appropriate language is spreading rapidly and can occur in all areas of interpreters' work. In order to address the research gap regarding the implementation of gender equity principles in interpreting, this thesis examines ways of interpreting from a postcolonial, intersectional, and queer feminist perspective. The research question is what strategies can be used in consecutive interpreting from German into Spanish to avoid the generic masculine. An exploratory research design with methods of empirical social research, qualitative content analysis, critical discourse analysis and conversational analysis was employed. Video transcriptions and interviews with five interpreters involved in the project Ecuador en Movimiento exemplify the difficulty of consistently and confidently implementing gender-equitable language forms without sufficient prior practice. Yet, the increase of such forms over the course of the project indicates that gender-appropriate interpreting strategies can be learned and automated through systematic exercises. Being familiar with such strategies can be considered a core competence of today's interpreters and can help to balance power asymmetries and live up to the ideal of all-partiality without making discriminatory discourse invisible and unassailable.:1. Einleitung 2. Theoretischer Rahmen 2.1 Termini 2.2 Postkolonialismus 2.3 Intersektionalität 2.4 Queerfeminismus 2.5 Performanz 2.6 Queerfeministische Linguistik 2.7 Das generische Maskulinum 3. Alternativen zum generischen Maskulinum 3.1 Beidnennung 3.2 Generisches Femininum 3.3 Glottaler Plosiv 3.4 Geschlechtsneutrale Sprachformen 3.5 Variieren der verschiedenen Formen 4. Gendergerechtes Dolmetschen 4.1 Neutralität 4.2 Queerfeministisches Konsekutivdolmetschen 5. Analyse des Projekts Ecuador en Movimiento 5.1 Untersuchungsaufbau 5.2 Auswertung der Videotranskription 5.3 Befragung der Dolmetscherinnen 5.4 Auswertung der Befragung 6. Interpretation der Daten 7. Fazit

In 2016, the actress Meghan Markle met prince Harry, duke of Sussex which later on led to amarriage. This has resulted in intense media coverage of her, especially by the tabloid press,depicting her in a manner that incorporates both sexist and racist elements. This study aims toanalyze how Markle has been represented in The Sun and Daily Mail during the two firstweeks following the announcement of her relationship with Prince Harry, with a particularfocus on potential racist and sexist discourses. The material used for the study consists ofeleven articles in total, five from The Sun and six from Daily Mail. Fairclough’s criticaldiscourse analysis is used as a method to answer the research questions, along with Foucault'sdiscourse theory and intersectionality as part of the theoretical framework of the study. Theseare applied in order to add another dimension to the study and fill the research gap. The mainfindings indicate sexist and racist discourses in the representation of Meghan Markle in TheSun and Daily Mail. As for Foucault’s discourse theory these discourses constitute a reality inwhich women with diverse ethnic backgrounds are portrayed derogatorily, and whereindividuals in these categories are perceived to have less power in society. Through anintersectionality perspective, Markle is predominantly constructed as an assertive biracialwoman who frequently self-promotes, actively seeks media attention and is perceived ashaving difficulty initiating serious relationships. This shows how both sexist and racistdiscourses work together to construct Markle unfavorably.Key words: Intersectionality; Discourse; Tabloid press; Gender; Critical discourse analysis;Sexism; Racism; Media.1

Studien syfte är att undersöka hur olika klipp på Tiktok kan spegla maktförhållanden och sexisitiska ideal, med ett intresse för att se hur oentliga och privata sfären svävar samman och inuerar beetenden på TikTok. Det empiriska material för studien är baserat på en kvalitativ sociosemiotisk analys av 10 utvalda videoklipp på TikTok, där vi vill förstå olika teckens betydelse utifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv. Med empiriska exempel från tidigare forskning, kan det argumenteras för att speglingen av maktförhållanden och sexisitiska ideal är skapade av sociala konstruktioner i den oentliga sfären. De huvudsakliga slutsatser som gjordes var att TikTok är ett socialt medium som representerar både maktförhållanden och sexisitiska ideal i stor utsträckning. Speciellt maktrelationer visade sig genomsyra hela analysen. / This study aims to explore how dierent video clips on Tiktok can reect authority in relations between people and reect sexist ideals. With an interest to see how the public and private spheres can collide, and inuence the behaviors on Tiktok.  The empirical work of this study is based on a qualitative social semiotics analysis of 10 selected videos on TikTok, where we try to understand dierent signs with a socially critical perspective. With empirical examples from previous research and literature, it can be argued that the reection of authority in relations and sexist ideals is a social construction, and through the public sphere this construction is legitimized.  The main ndings in this study show that TikTok is a social media that represents both authorities in relations and sexist ideals widely, and authority in relations permeates the entire analysis.

Counterproductive work behaviors are costly behaviors that individuals employ in retaliation to adverse stimuli in the workplace. This study specifically examined the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and counterproductive behaviors, using the variable of control as the mediator. This study also investigated the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and job turnover intentions as well as organizational commitment. Measures for perceived gender discrimination, control, counterproductive work behaviors, job turnover and organizational commitment were used to survey 97 participants on their workplace experiences and attitudes. It was found that perceived gender discrimination had a significant, positive correlation with counterproductive behaviors, as originally hypothesized. Perceived gender discrimination also had a significant negative correlation with organizational commitment. Control did not significantly correlate with counterproductive work behaviors, meaning it did not function as a mediator between counterproductive work behaviors and perceived gender discrimination, as hypothesized. The intent of this thesis was to examine perceived gender discrimination and control as antecedents of counterproductive behaviors. My findings suggest that perceived gender discrimination is correlated with these negative behaviors, thus promoting the importance of implementing programs to facilitate its reduction.

Hysteria has been researched from many different angles, but this thesis focuses on the persistence of gendered medical diagnoses following the demise of hysteria. In Chapter One, I provide an overview of hysteria’s long history, beginning with the first reference to the disorder in Ancient Egypt. I then conduct a study of nineteenth-century hysteria in Chapter Two, where I highlight the interactions between medicine and culture that characterized the hysteria epidemic in Victorian Britain and America. Chapter Three continues this discussion of nineteenth-century hysteria, detailing the rise of psychological explanations for hysteria in Europe. My most important research, however, comes in Chapters Four and Five where I chronicle the rise of specific diagnoses that replaced hysteria in the twentieth century. I focus on gendered wastebasket diagnoses—illnesses that predominantly affect women, are categorized based on shared symptoms rather than causes, and are defined in relation to femininity. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the descriptions of certain psychiatric conditions that are more frequently diagnosed in women contain stigmatizing language used to describe hysteria, especially in the nineteenth century. Outside of the psychiatric realm, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia are also wastebasket diagnoses that are described by both doctors and academics using the dismissive language of earlier descriptions of hysteria. I argue that throughout all of this history, the mutual influence of medical theory and cultural assumptions—particularly about gender and femininity—has allowed women’s mysterious medical complaints to remain unexplained. The ambiguous nature of conditions descended from hysteria and their association with femininity causes doctors to return to long-standing stereotypes that diminish the suffering of these patients. Many patients with these conditions struggle to access effective treatments for their symptoms. Understanding these illnesses in the historical context of hysteria can help explain and address these experiences. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / The medical field has long been influenced by its surrounding cultural context. Social factors, including gender, race, and class, all colour the ways in which illnesses are understood and patients are treated. This thesis examines these interactions between medicine and culture in the context of nineteenth-century hysteria and the related diagnoses that arose to replace it in the twentieth century. The disease entity hysteria disappeared in the early twentieth century, but patients continued to experience the symptoms associated with hysteria under a range of diagnostic titles. Situating these illnesses in the historical context of hysteria can help address patient complaints and deconstruct the stigmatizing stereotypes that affect these patients— particularly those stereotypes associated with femininity that were once attributed to hysteria patients

Society's view on women is a long-debated topic, and there are several studies made to analyze where and how these attitudes toward gender roles arise. This thesis focuses on how women are portrayed and represented in media, especially as female characters in film fiction, to gain insight into what effect this can have on society's view of women. This thesis examines how female characters are portrayed in media by using a qualitative method. The objects chosen to analyze are two female characters that have been identified to be representative of the cool girl trope. A character analysis has been conducted to examine the study objects as a form of qualitative text analysis. The study applies relevant theories such as genre theory, representation theory, and the feministic perspective on the media and the male gaze. The previous research presents earlier studies on the cool girl trope and other perceived devaluating representations of women on screen. The results from this study suggest that women as female characters are portrayed differently than male characters, which can be seen as devaluing of women. In some cases, female characters are used as a treat to the male eye, as something to desire, or as something to laugh at and make fun of. Above all, the portrayal of women as the cool girl creates a distinction between different types of female behavior and gives the male viewers a fake image of women. / Samhällets syn på kvinnor är ett länge omdebatterat ämne, och det finns många studier som syftar till att se hur och vartifrån attityder om könsroller uppstår. Detta arbete fokuserar på hur kvinnor porträtteras och representeras i media, speciellt som kvinnliga karaktärer i film, för att samla insikter om vilka effekter det kan ha på samhällets syn av kvinnor. Målet med denna studie är att genom en kvalitativ metod examinera hur kvinnliga karaktärer porträtteras i media. De valda studieobjekten är två kvinnliga karaktärer som identifierats att passa in på the cool girl trope. En karaktärsanalys har gjorts för att studera studieobjekten i denna form av kvalitativa text analys. Uppsatsen applicerar relevanta teorier såsom genreteori, representationsteori och en feministisk syn på media och the male gaze, tillsammans med tidigare forskning av the cool girl trope och andra uppfattade nedvärderande representation av kvinnor i media. Studiens resultat visar på att kvinnliga karaktärer porträtteras på ett annorlunda sätt än manliga, vilken kan ses som nedvärderande av kvinnor. Kvinnliga karaktärer används i vissa fall för att manliga tittare ska ha något att åtrå, eller som någon vars beteende görs narr av som man istället kan skratta åt. Framförallt så gör representation av kvinnor som the cool girl en distinktion mellan olika sorters kvinnliga beteenden samtidigt som det ger manliga tittare en falsk bild av kvinnor.

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