Three Canadian home economics textbooks currently used in teaching human relationships were examined to explore the ways in which they are or are not contributing to gender equity. The research posed three questions: To whom is the textbook addressed? What are the characteristics of learners assumed by the textbook? and In what way does the textbook deal with gender bias? In each textbook the preface, index, table of contents, photographs, highlighted sections, and content were examined in detail. The texts were compared to determine commonalities. The methodology was adapted from earlier textbook analyses of sex equity which were based on the study of intentions outlined in the preface, photographs, and language. Recent feminist work suggests that studies of bias must consider not only the biological concept of sex but also the social construction of gender which relates to those characteristics, activities, and roles traditionally associated with one sex. The feminist concepts of gender sensitivity and gender balance were used in this textbook analysis. The textbooks were found to contribute to gender equity in five Ways. The first approach, including males, is not adequate because it involves the risk of males and a male perspective becoming dominant. The second approach, using inclusive language, is also inadequate because it involves the risk of masking the differences existing between females and males and the problems arising from gender. Exposing differences and addressing social issues relating to gender are two approaches which may hold promise in contributing to gender equity but in the texts examined were inadequate because the issues were presented as neutral or unproblematic. Encouraging critical thinking was the final approach used in only one textbook and its contribution to gender equity was minimal because critical thinking was applied inconsistently and rarely applied specifically to problems of gender. Gender sensitivity and gender balance require the appropriate use of inclusive and sex specific language, the balanced inclusion of females and males, and detailed, sensitive, and critical discussion of issues related to gender. The findings of this study raise concerns about the analysis of textbooks. Home economics textbooks have the unique challenge of including males without allowing males and a male perspective to become dominant. Overcoming the problems of gender requires sensitivity in exposing gender differences. Neutralizing knowledge and presenting knowledge as factual rather than problematic masks differences and problems arising from them. The findings of this research suggest analysis of textbooks for gender bias should not be restricted to surface features such as explicit intentions stated in prefaces, photographs, and language. Elimination of gender bias requires substantive changes in textbook content. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Gender differences play an important role in the diversity that exists in our world today. Evan as infants, our young minds are able to grasp that there are large differences in the roles and expectations for males and females and that these differences contribute to the variety of experiences that we encounter in our interactions with the two genders. As we grown from children into adults, it is clear that the biased opinions we form regarding the opposite sex in childhood are too simplistic in their ideologies, and during the time that we mature into young adults, our opinions mature as well. Although there has been much research into the development of attitudes from childhood into adulthood, the role that self-esteem may play in the process has been somewhat neglected. This thesis explored the nature of self-esteem and tested its salience with regard to intergroup gender bias in children and ambivalent sexism in adults. In the child sample (n=20), intergroup gender bias was found to be correlated positively with global self-worth. In the adult sample (n=218), elevated levels of global self-worth were correlated with hostile sexism in females and with benevolent sexism in males. Surprisingly few types of specific self-esteem (self-perceived peer social competence, behavioral conduct, physical appearance, and athletic competence) were found to correlate with intergroup gender bias in children and ambivalent sexism in adults.

The purpose of my graduate thesis creative project, Girl Is a Four-Letter Word: Gender Biased Imaqe and Language is to call attention to the subliminal messages about stereotypical female qualities and female role expectations transmitted through the use of our language. My focus is on classroom visuals and reading textbooks used in the 1950s and 1960s, which illustrate very separate paths of gender social development. I have created a series of twenty-two paintings, in which I have juxtaposed images inspired from old textbooks and mild four-letter words to illustrate double-entendre associations and implied sexual innuendoes in everyday language.The creative project began with extensive research to find examples of textbooks from the 1950s, to review the textbooks in the historical context of America's educational goals and to study artists who have investigated themes of language and meaning of images in their work. Specific artists researched who have explored these ideas historically include Rene Magritte, Jasper Johns and Barbara Kruger. The actual artworks of several abstract expressionists were examined closely because of a similarity in painting technique and style.The paintings produced for this thesis project were executed with oil paint on recycled stretched canvases. Thick paints were applied straight from the tube and layered in thick impasto. The composition of all paintings include a vignetted image or isolated object in the center of the canvas with a label placed below, similar to the format of flashcards used for learning to read. The image and words together create a relationship pointing out blatant gender-biased associations, displayed with tongue-in-cheek humor. / Department of Art

Thesis (M.A. (Translation and Linguistics)) --University of Limpopo, 2007 / Refer to the document

No description available.

Superiority, control, and dominance theories of disparaging humor were reviewed, and sexist humor was studied as representative of the field. The effects of educational level and sex of subject on the judgment of humor in sexist material were investigated, utilizing a set of 50 cartoons and jokes devised to approximate overlapping standard curves on the dimensions sexist content and humor. Subjects were 71 males and 73 females, comprising 84 undergraduates and 60 doctoral graduate students. Each subject performed a forced Q sort of the jokes, with 104 rating for humor and 40 rating for sexism to establish content weights. Subjects' rankings, age, sex, and educational level were recorded upon completion of the task. Significant negative correlations were found between educational level and judgment of humor in sexist material, and female subjects judged sexist material to be significantly less funny than males. Some support was indicated for existing theories.

Gender bias, as well as other forms of discrimination, have been deemed unacceptable by today's standards. Research indicates that while it is not obtrusive, gender bias in the media is pervasive and potent. Textbooks are a communication medium which not only convey the requisite knowledge of a particular subject, but also, subliminally, norms and expectations of behavior for individuals in society. These subliminal messages, sometimes termed the hidden curriculum, may serve as inhibitors of an individual's aspirations and goals. The purposes of this study, therefore, were to analyze current kinesiology literature to determine if gender bias was present and if so, was the gender of the author associated with the presence of bias. A third purpose was to compare the results of this study with previous related research.

<p>Sverige kan ses som ett av världens mest jämställda länder. Människor kan dock inneha ambivalenta stereotyper om kvinnor, vilka kan vara sexistiska i sin karaktär. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att validera Glick och Fiskes (1996) Ambivalent Sexism skala översatt till svenska samt undersöka eventuella kopplingar mellan sexism, politisk inställning och system justification. Undersökningsdeltagarna tog i stor utsträckning avstånd från sexistiska attityder. Hostile sexism skattades högre än benevolent sexism, vilket skulle kunna kopplas till landets strävan efter jämställdhet. Männen skattade dock högre än kvinnorna på samtliga sexismskalor. Sambandet mellan system justification och politisk inställning var svagt. Det fanns dock en mindre skillnad mellan könen gällande uppfattningen om det svenska samhället, där män fann samhället aningen mer legitimt än kvinnorna, något som kan vara en antydan till en rådande samhällssituation där män fortfarande har högre social och ekonomisk status än kvinnor.</p>

Humor-evoking events frequently contain aggressive elements. Sex differences have been found for the effects of aggressive content on perceived funniness, (Wilson & Molleston, 1981; Terry & Ertle, 1974; Groch, 1974; Felker & Hunter, 1970) but the findings are not consistent. Sexism is sometimes perceived as a more subtle form of aggression. Sex differences have also been found for the way sexism affects funniness ratings, (Chapman & Gadfield, 1976; Priest & Wilhelm, 1974) but again the findings are inconsistent. The primary purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between the ratings of sexism and the ratings of funniness for cartoons. A secondary purpose of the present study was to determine to what extent, if any, gender of experimenter influences humor, sex, sexism, and pain ratings.Subjects were 60 female and 58 male introductory Psychology students. There were four experimental groups: two groups of female and two groups of male subjects. A female experimenter was assigned to one male and one female group, and a male experimenter was assigned to one male and one female group. This design facilitated exploration of an experimenter gender x subject gender interaction. Subjects were shown 34 cartoons and asked to rate each for funniness, and then to rate them for the degree of sexual, sexist, and aggressive (pain) content each contained.A preliminary analysis revealed that there were significant relationships between gender of experimenter and funniness ratings, gender of subject and funniness ratings, as well as a gender of experimenter x gender of subject interaction.A step-down multiple regression was performed among the predictor variables experimenter gender and subject gender, with the criterion of funniness, for each of the four experimental conditions. For female subjects, only sexism scores correlated with funniness scores, and the contributions of sex and pain ratings were not significant. For male subjects, only sex scores correlated with funniness scores, and the contributions of sexism and pain ratings were not significant. Comparisons between these results and past research were made.

Syftet med undersökningen är att utreda om amerikanska tidningars nätupplagor är sexistiska i nyhetsrapporteringen från OS 2016? För undersökningen har två sporter, simning och löpning, valts ut. Genom att använda Methenys definition av vilka sporter som anses vara könsneutrala, det vill säga sporter som i USA anses vara socialt acceptabla för både kvinnor och män att utöva. Artiklarna som valdes ut kommer från följande tidningars webbsidor: USA Today, Miami Herald, Daily Mail, CNN, Washington Post samt ytterligare några amerikanska nättidningar som har sorterats som ”andra” i undersökningen. Metoderna för denna undersökning är en omfattande kvantitativ innehållsanalys av 86 artiklar och en massmedieretorisk analys av fem artiklar som valts ut från de 86 artiklar som analyserats i den kvantitativa delen. Analysen visade att det är vanligare att artiklar om kvinnor prioriterar fakta som inte har med deras idrottsprestation att göra. Det är även vanligare att artiklar om medaljtagande kvinnor handlar om något annat än deras prestation, 18 procent av artiklarna om kvinnor handlade inte om sporten utan om dem som person för män var motsvarande andel artiklar fyra procent. / The purpose for this study is to investigate if the American newspapers’ online editions are sexist in their reporting of the Olympics 2016? For the study, the two sports chosen, swimming and tracks, have been chosen by using Metheny’s definition, which refers to sports that are gender neutral, meaning sports that are viewed in America as socially acceptable for both genders. The chosen media is the online newspapers: USA Today, Miami Herald, Daily Mail, CNN, Washington Post and a few other American online newspapers that is sorted into category “other”. The methods used for the study is a quantitative content analysis and a mass media rhetoric analysis also known as massmedieretorik. This study, utilizing a total of 86 articles - five of which were chosen for a more thorough analysis - showed that it is more common for articles about women to prioritize facts that does not concern their athletic achievements. It is also more common for articles about medal winning females to be about something else, rather than their achievements, for articles about men this phenomenon was much less common.